MycαTub84B.PBb homozygous clones in larval wing discs are outcompeted by neighboring wild-type clones, as shown by their severe decrease in relative clone size.
The amount of cell delamination seen in the wild type 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced in the pupal notum through generation of wild type clones in super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissue correlates with the surface the wild type loser cell shares with the Myc-expressing winners. The amount of shared surface does not affect delamination rates in wild type controls.
A correlation between the amount of winner-loser contact and the amount of wild type 'loser' cell delamination is also seen in ex vivo wing disc tissue when wild type clones are induced in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing animals.
There is a twofold increase in the frequency of clone splitting (used as a readout for winner-loser cell mixing) in wild type 'loser' cells in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing wing disc tissue compared with wild type clones in wild type tissue.
The disappearance of loser-loser cell junctions is three times more frequent at wild type 'loser' clone boundaries in super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb pupal notum tissue than in control clone boundaries, and the rate of junction remodelling is higher in loser-loser and winner-winner junctions than in winner-loser junctions. Loser clones also become less compact in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissue compared with wild type clones in wild type tissue. The rate of junction remodelling is higher between adjacent MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing cells than between adjacent control cells. PIP3 levels are higher at the winner-winner interfaces compared with winner-loser and loser-loser interfaces. Larval starvation (which abolishes winner-loser PIP3 level differences) is able to suppress loser clone splitting, reduced clone compactness and loser cell elimination. F-actin levels and actin turnover/polymerization rates are reduced in loser-loser and loser-winner junctions compared with winner-winner junctions. Expressing MycαTub84B.PBb in a full wing disc compartment under the control of Scer\GAL4hh.PU also reduces F-actin levels. Tension modulation also affects winner-loser mixing: junction laser nanoablation leads to a significant reduction in the maximum speed of relaxation of junctions in loser-loser and loser-winner junctions compared with winner-winner junctions.
dmαTub84B.PBb clones exhibit an increase in mitochondrial number.
dmαTub84B.PBb-expressing wing disc cells grow faster than wild-type clone cells.
Cell clones expressing dmαTub84B.PBb eliminate neighbouring wild-type cells by apoptosis and over-proliferate, leaving total cell numbers unchanged.
dmαTub84B.PBb-overexpressing clones have a growth advantage over wild-type cell in the wind imaginal disc epithelium.
When wild-type clones are induced in dmScer\FRT.αTub84B.PBb wing discs they are out-competed by the mutant cells, 48 hours after induction almost all clones disappear and they have all gone by 72 hours.
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/SPARCGD5660
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Diap1UAS.cHa
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/shgUASp.cUa
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/sqhE20E21.UAS.cCa
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/diaUASp.EGFP
MycαTub84B.PBb, p535A-1-4 has increased cell growth rate | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by BacA\p35GMR.PH
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell growth rate | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by p535A-1-4
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by BacA\p35GMR.PH
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/SPARCUASp.Tag:HA
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by SPARCUASp.cPa/Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb
MycαTub84B.PBb has abnormal cell growth | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4en-e16E/fweGD4616
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Rab5UAS.cEa/Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/dppUAS.cRa
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/pucUAS.cMa
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/putUAS.cNa
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/tkvQ253D.UAS.cNb
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/BacA\p35UAS.cHa
MycαTub84B.PBb has decreased cell number | somatic clone | larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by RpS12s2783/RpS12G97D
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/Arp3UASp.GFP
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/Pi3K92EUAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, non-suppressible by Ras85DV12.UAS/Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb
MycαTub84B.PBb has increased cell death | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/armS10.UAS.Tag:MYC
MycαTub84B.PBb is a suppressor of visible | female | adult stage phenotype of Nipped-B407
MycαTub84B.PBb is a suppressor of abnormal size phenotype of Dcr-1GD11429, Scer\GAL4en-e16E
MycαTub84B.PBb is a suppressor of decreased cell growth rate phenotype of Dcr-1GD11429, Scer\GAL4en-e16E
MycαTub84B.PBb, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP is a suppressor of increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP, ykiUAS.cHa
MycPL35/MycαTub84B.PBb, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP is a suppressor of increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP, ykiUAS.cHa
MycαTub84B.PBb, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP is a suppressor of hyperplasia | somatic clone phenotype of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP, ykiUAS.cHa
MycαTub84B.PBb, Nipped-B407 has abnormal cell death | third instar larval stage phenotype
MycαTub84B.PBb, MycPL35, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP, ykiUAS.cHa has decreased cell size phenotype
MycαTub84B.PBb has mesonotum | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/Diap1UAS.cHa
MycαTub84B.PBb has wing disc | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/shgUASp.cUa
MycαTub84B.PBb has mesonotum | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/shgUASp.cUa
MycαTub84B.PBb has wing disc | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/sqhE20E21.UAS.cCa
MycαTub84B.PBb has mesonotum | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/sqhE20E21.UAS.cCa
MycαTub84B.PBb has mesonotum | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/diaUASp.EGFP
MycαTub84B.PBb has wing disc | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by p535A-1-4
MycαTub84B.PBb has wing disc | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4en-e16E/fweGD4616
MycαTub84B.PBb has wing disc | somatic clone | larval stage phenotype, non-suppressible by RpS12s2783/RpS12G97D
MycαTub84B.PBb has mesonotum | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/Diap1UAS.cHa
MycαTub84B.PBb has mesonotum | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb/Arp3UASp.GFP
MycαTub84B.PBb has mitochondrion | somatic clone phenotype, non-suppressible by p535A-1-4
MycαTub84B.PBb is a suppressor of wing blade | female phenotype of Nipped-B407
MycαTub84B.PBb is a suppressor of wing blade phenotype of Dcr-1GD11429, Scer\GAL4en-e16E
MycαTub84B.PBb homozygous clones in larval wing discs are outcompeted by neighboring wild-type clones; this phenotype is not suppressed by a RpS12G97D/RpS12s2783 transheterozygous background.
Expression of fwedsRNA.P\T.Scer\UAS.Shp in the loser cells under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb does not suppress the increase in wild type 'loser' clone splitting seen when cell competition is induced in the wing disc through generation of wild type clones in super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissue.
Inhibition of apoptosis using (Diap1Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) suppresses the contact-dependent delamination seen in wild type 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced in the pupal notum through generation of wild type clones in super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissue. Inhibiting apoptosis does not suppress the increase in clone splitting (used as a readout for winner-loser cell mixing) or reduction in clone compactness seen in wild type 'loser' clones in the wing disc.
Inducing adhesion-dependent sorting (using shgScer\UAS.P\T.cUa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) suppresses the contact-dependent delamination and increase in clone splitting (used as a readout for winner-loser cell mixing) seen in wild type 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced in the wing disc through generation of wild type clones in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing wing disc tissue. No elimination is seen when adhesion-dependent sorting is induced in wild type tissue.
Inducing adhesion-dependent sorting (using shgScer\UAS.P\T.cUa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) suppresses the reduction in clone compactness seen in wild type 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced in the pupal notum through generation of wild type clones in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing wing disc tissue.
Inducing tension-dependent sorting (using sqhE20E21.Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) suppresses the contact-dependent delamination and increase in clone splitting (used as a readout for winner-loser cell mixing) seen in wild type 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced in the wing disc through generation of wild type clones in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing wing disc tissue. No elimination is seen when tension-dependent sorting is induced in wild type tissue.
Inducing tension-dependent sorting (using sqhE20E21.Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) suppresses the reduction in clone compactness seen in wild type 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced in the pupal notum through generation of wild type clones in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing wing disc tissue.
There is no increase in the frequency of clone splitting in the Pi3K92EScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Hsap\CAAX-expressing 'loser' cells when cell competition is induced through generation of Pi3K92EScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Hsap\CAAX-expressing clones in super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissues compared with wild type clones in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissue.
Expression of diaScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in the 'loser' cells suppresses the increase in wild type 'loser' clone splitting and reduced clone compactness seen when cell competition is induced through generation of super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing clones.
Expression of diaScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in 'loser' cells suppresses the elimination usually seen when cell competition is induced through generation of wild type clones in MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing tissue. The reduction in the maximum speed of relaxation of junctions in loser-loser and loser-winner junctions after laser nanoablation is also suppressed when diaScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP is expressed in loser cells.
Expression of Arp3Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP in the loser cells does not suppress the increase in wild type 'loser' clone splitting seen when cell competition is induced through generation of super-competitive MycαTub84B.PBb-expressing clones.
A p535A-1-4 mutant background does not affect the increase in mitochondrial number seen in dmαTub84B.PBb clones.
A p535A-1-4 mutant background reduces the out-competition of wild-type clones by dmαTub84B.PBb mutant clones.
When BM-40-SPARCScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 is activated specifically in the loser wild-type cells using Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb surrounded by dmαTub84B.PBb-expressing super-competitor cells, apoptosis is reduced and cell competition is prevented.
When BM-40-SPARCScer\UAS.cPa is activated specifically in the loser wild-type cells using Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb surrounded by dmαTub84B.PBb-expressing super-competitor cells, apoptosis is reduced and cell competition is prevented.
When cell clones expressing Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb>BM-40-SPARCGD5660 are surrounded by dmαTub84B.PBb-expressing cells in the super-competitor assay, the majority of BM-40-SPARCGD5660-expressing cells are eliminated, and the clones are strongly reduced in size at 48 h after clone induction (ACI), whereas loser cells not expressing BM-40-SPARCGD5660 show this effect only at 72 h ACI.
Expression of fweGD4616 driven by Scer\GAL4en-e16E significantly reduces the expansion of dmαTub84B.PBb-overexpressing clones in the posterior compartment of wing imaginal discs.
Clones in the wing disc expressing wild-type levels of dm in a Max1 background and in which the surrounding wing disc cells are expressing dmαTub84B.PBb are smaller than genetically identical clones in the wing disc that are in a Max1 background and in which the surrounding wing disc cells express normal levels of dm.
The expression of BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa or pucScer\UAS.cMa (driven by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) in otherwise wild-type clones in dmScer\FRT.αTub84B.PBb wing discs significantly reduces the elimination of wild-type somatic clones. The basal extrusion phenotype is also suppressed. The expression of Rab5Scer\UAS.cEa, tkvQ253D.Scer\UAS.cNb, dppScer\UAS.cRa or putScer\UAS.cNa (driven by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PBb) in otherwise wild-type clones in wing discs leads to a reversion of the proliferation and survival deficits of cells surrounded by dmScer\FRT.αTub84B.PBb.
Co-expression of dmαTub84B.PBb and BacA\p35GMR.PH does not block super-competitor status, since their sibling clones are smaller than controls.
Preventing apoptosis, through the presence of BacA\p35GMR.PH, allows p535A-1-4, dmαTub84B.PBb mutant clones to grow to the same size, and at the same rate, as dmαTub84B.PBb-expressing super-competitor clones. Thus, the inability of the p535A-1-4, dmαTub84B.PBb super-competitor population to expand is due to cell death that requires the presence of nearby wild-type cells.
MycαTub84B.PBb rescues MycA51
The P{αTub84B(FRT.Myc)GAL4.Bb}1 insertion is sufficient to rescue the lethality of hemizygous Myc4 males, but only partially rescues the sterility of homozygous Myc4 females.