FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\sws
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\sws
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
swiss cheese
Annotation Symbol
CG2212
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003656
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
25 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
lysophospholipase (3.1.1.5)
Gene Summary
swiss cheese (sws) encodes a transmembrane protein that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine and binds to and inhibits the C3 catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. Its loss leads to neuronal and glial degeneration and apoptotic cell death. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

olfE

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
7D1-7D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-22
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:7956820..7968236
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
enables carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables B-type glycerophospholipase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q8IY17
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables glycerophospholipase activity
inferred from experiment
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
enables phosphatidylcholine lysophospholipase A1 activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001423
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000369206
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q8IY17
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization
inferred from direct assay
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
involved_in ensheathment of neurons
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dutta et al., 2016)
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kmoch et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in lipid metabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002641
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001423
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
inferred from direct assay
(Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Kmoch et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
traceable author statement
(Kmoch et al., 2015)
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000369206
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the NTE family. (Q9U969)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
phosphatidylcholine lysophospholipase A1 activity
a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + a fatty acid + H(+) (3.1.1.5)
RHEA 15177: B-type glycerophospholipase activity
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
swiss cheese (sws) encodes a transmembrane protein that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine and binds to and inhibits the C3 catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. Its loss leads to neuronal and glial degeneration and apoptotic cell death. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
LYSOPHOSPHOLIPASES -
Lysophospholipases catalyze hydrolysis of a lysophospholipid (a phospholipid missing one fatty acid), removing the remaining acyl chain to yield a glycerophospho-compound and a free fatty acid.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Phospholipase B that deacylates intracellular phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), generating glycerophosphocholine (GroPtdCho). This deacylation occurs at both sn-2 and sn-1 positions of PtdCho. Its specific chemical modification by certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds leads to distal axonopathy. Plays a role in the signaling mechanism between neurons and glia that regulates glia wrapping during development of the adult brain. Essential for membrane lipid homeostasis and cell survival in both neurons and glia of the adult brain.
(UniProt, Q9U969)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
olfE: olfactory-E (J.C. Hall)
Larvae and adults show reduction in responses to benzaldehyde in petri-plate-based and Y-tube olfactometric assays, respectively. In odor-induced-jump assay (using benzaldehyde), mutants jump less than half as often as normal flies. allele: There is one extant allele, olfEx26.
sws: swiss cheese (J.C. Hall)
Isolated in anatomical screen (cf. Heisenberg and Bohl, 1979, Z. Naturforsch. 34: 143-47); many Swiss-cheese-like holes seen in brain sections of adults (similar to phenotype observed in dying drd flies).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sws for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9U969)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
sws-RA
FBtr0071125
NM_078520
5571
1425
sws-RB
FBtr0071126
NM_167141
1928
341
sws-RC
FBtr0301675
NM_167140
5571
1425
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.4, 1.7 (northern blot)

(Hasan, 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
sws-PA
FBpp0071077
160.6
1425
7.95
Q9U969
NP_511075
AAF46305
sws-PB
FBpp0071078
38.8
341
4.59
NP_727225
AAN09223
sws-PC
FBpp0290889
160.7
1425
7.91
E1JJF4
NP_727224
AAN09222
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Pka-C3; interaction inhibits the catalytic function of Pka-C3 and the esterase activity of sws.

(UniProt, Q9U969)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sws using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.01

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Hasan, 1990)
adult stage
adult head
(Hasan, 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
neuron of adult brain
(Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008, Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
embryonic longitudinal glial cell
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
fenestrated glial cell
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
adult lamina satellite glial cell
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
cell body rind of adult lamina
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
adult medulla neuropil associated glial cell | subset
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

sws is expressed in most or all neurons in the adults brain and at higher levels in a subset of neurons that also express Pka-C3.

(Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)

sws is expressed in most or all neurons in the adult brain in 1 day adults. By 12 days, staining becomes more restricted with higher expression in some neurons. Double staining with a glial-specific marker reveals expression of sws in interface glia at the neuropil-cortex border but not in the neuropil glia of the protocerebrum. In the optic system, expression is observed in the fenestrated and satellite glia in the lamina cortex and in the medulla glia at the cortex-neuropil interface.

(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
inferred from direct assay
(Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Kmoch et al., 2015)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sws in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sws
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sws
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal - majority live
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP2222
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP6293
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4loco.1.3
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Gli-rL82.29
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | dominant
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4NP2222
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP2222
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Gli-rL82.29
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage | progressive
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
abnormal phototaxis | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal smell perception
abnormal smell perception | recessive
decreased cell number | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
decreased rate of movement | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
increased cell death | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
short lived
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult brain
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4NP2222
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4NP6293
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4repo
adult brain | adult stage
adult brain subperineurial glial cell, with Scer\GAL4Gli-rL82.29
adult brain subperineurial glial cell, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
adult brain subperineurial glial cell, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
adult cerebrum
adult CNS glial cell | adult stage
adult CNS glial cell | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
adult CNS glial cell | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
adult deutocerebrum
adult ensheathing glial cell, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
adult optic chiasma glial cell, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
adult optic lobe, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
adult optic lobe | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
adult PNS subperineurial glial cell, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
adult wrapping glial cell, with Scer\GAL4NP2222
cell body rind of adult lamina
cell body rind of adult lamina | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Gli-rL82.29
cell body rind of adult lamina | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
cell body rind of adult lamina | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
cell body rind of adult lamina | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
cell body rind of adult medulla | adult stage
CNS glial cell
CNS glial cell, with Scer\GAL4loco.1.3
embryonic/larval wrapping glial cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP2222
epithelial glial cell, with Scer\GAL4loco.1.3
eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye photoreceptor cell | progressive
eye photoreceptor cell | progressive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
first optic chiasma | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
first optic chiasma | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4loco.PU
giant fiber neuron | progressive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
lamina
lobula | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
medulla
medulla, with Scer\GAL4Mz709
mitochondrion | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
neuropil
neuropil | adult stage
nucleus | adult stage | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4NP2276
vacuole
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
Hsap\PNPLA7
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\PNPLA6
13 of 14
No
Yes
 
11  
Hsap\CNBD2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PRKAR1A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PRKAR1B
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PRKAR2A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PRKAR2B
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PRKG1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PRKG2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Pnpla7
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pnpla6
13 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Prkar1a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Prkar1b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Prkar2a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Prkar2b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Prkg2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)
Mmus\Pnpla7
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pnpla6
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Cnbd2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Prkar1a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Prkar1b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Prkar2a
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Mmus\Prkar2b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Prkg1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Prkg2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\pnpla7
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\pnpla6
2 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
Drer\pnpla7b
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\pnpla6
13 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\clic3
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pnpla7a
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\prkar1aa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\prkar2aa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\prkar2ab
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\prkg1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\prkg2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\prkg3
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\ZK370.4
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\M110.7
11 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000467
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004940
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008585
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008863
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008864
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008865
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009798
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT2G20050
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\NTE1
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\BCY1
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\nte1
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\cgs1
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (6)
Ecol\rssA
6 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\crp
1 of 11
No
No
Ecol\fnr
1 of 11
No
No
Ecol\iprA
1 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\yeiL
1 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\yjjU
1 of 11
No
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sws. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
CG4839
1 of 13
CG14693
1 of 13
for
1 of 13
Pka-R1
1 of 13
Pka-R2
1 of 13
Pkg21D
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
PNPLA7; patatin like domain 7, lysophospholipase
14 of 14
612122
       
      PNPLA6; patatin like domain 6, lysophospholipase
      13 of 14
      PATATIN-LIKE PHOSPHOLIPASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 6; PNPLA6
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Dmel gene
      Ortholog showing functional complementation
      Supporting References
      sws
      Hsap\PNPLA6
      (Sunderhaus et al., 2019, Topaloglu et al., 2014)
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      sws - Pka-C3
      two hybrid
      (Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      sws
      suppressible
      Appl
      (Wentzell et al., 2012)
      sws
      enhanceable
      per
      (Krishnan et al., 2012)
      sws
      enhanceable
      Pka-C3
      (Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      mys
      suppressible
      sws
      (Ayyub and Paranjape, 2002)
      Pka-C3
      enhanceable
      sws
      (Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Interacts with Pka-C3; interaction inhibits the catalytic function of Pka-C3 and the esterase activity of sws.
      (UniProt, Q9U969 )
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      X
      Recombination map
      1-22
      Cytogenetic map
      7D1-7D1
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      7D1-7D1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1243 and P{EP}snEP1217
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      7D-7D
      (Kretzschmar et al., 1995)
      7D1-7D1
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Hasan, 1990)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      1-22

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      1-22.0

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      1-23

      (Ayyub et al., 1990)
      Left of (cM)
      (Monastirioti et al., 1996)
      (Ayyub et al., 1990)
      Right of (cM)
      (Ayyub et al., 1990)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (25)
      Genomic Clones (22)
      cDNA Clones (48)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Sunderhaus et al., 2019)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          sws is essential for membrane lipid homeostasis and cell survival in both neurons and glia.

          (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)

          sws mutants are characterised by progressive degeneration of the adult nervous system, glial hyperwrapping, and neuronal apoptosis.

          (Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments

          complements olfA, olfB and olfF.

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: sws CG2212

          (Zhang, 1999.11)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG2212
          (Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009)
          PNPLA6
          (Kmoch et al., 2015)
          SWS
          (Kretzschmar, 2022, Richardson et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2015)
          Sws
          (Zhang et al., 2002)
          olfE
          (Ayyub and Paranjape, 2002, Carlson, 1996, Monastirioti et al., 1996, Smith, 1996, Griff and Reed, 1995, Cant et al., 1994, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Paterson and O'Hare, 1991, Vijay Raghavan et al., 1991, Ayyub et al., 1990)
          sws
          (Tsap et al., 2024, Dalton et al., 2022, Ecovoiu et al., 2022, Banerjee et al., 2021, Bittern et al., 2021, Girard et al., 2021, Melentev et al., 2021, Melentev et al., 2021, Ryabova et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2020, Meltzer, 2019-, Meltzer et al., 2019, Papanikolopoulou et al., 2019, Sunderhaus et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Levis, 2018.8.30, Ryabova et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Dutta et al., 2016, Sunderhaus and Kretzschmar, 2016, Giebultowicz and Long, 2015, Sujkowski et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Topaloglu et al., 2014, Wentzell et al., 2014, de Celis et al., 2013.9.11, Kwon et al., 2013, Hasan, 2012, Jaiswal et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Krishnan et al., 2012, Wentzell et al., 2012, Kühnlein, 2010, Kuronen et al., 2009, Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Wentzell et al., 2007, Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005, Tinette et al., 2004, Ayyub and Paranjape, 2002, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
          Name Synonyms
          Swiss Cheese
          (Bettencourt da Cruz et al., 2008)
          Swiss cheese
          (Wang et al., 2015, Muhlig-Versen et al., 2005)
          Swisscheese
          (Pospisilik et al., 2010)
          olfactory E
          olfactory-E
          (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
          swiss cheese
          (Melentev et al., 2021, Krishnan et al., 2012, Kühnlein, 2010, Wentzell et al., 2007, Kretzschmar, 1997.6.24, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
          swiss-cheese
          (Wentzell et al., 2012)
          swisscheese
          (Hasan, 2012, Ayyub and Paranjape, 2002)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0004059
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 83 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
          References (118)