FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\phtm
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\phtm
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
phantom
Annotation Symbol
CG6578
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004959
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
phantom (phtm) encodes a cytochrome P450 involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis. It is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that catalyzes the addition of a hydroxyl group to the 25 carbon of the cholesterol side chain. phtm mutants fail to undergo head involution, dorsal closure and cuticle secretion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

phm, Cyp306a1, exo, Cyp306a1-Dm

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
17D1-17D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-60
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:18685766..18688433
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Warren et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables heme binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008612736
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001128, InterPro:IPR002401, InterPro:IPR036396
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables iron ion binding
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables monooxygenase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001128, InterPro:IPR002401, InterPro:IPR036396
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008612736
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables steroid hydroxylase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000670521
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in border follicle cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Domanitskaya et al., 2014)
involved_in ecdysone biosynthetic process
inferred from direct assay
(Warren et al., 2004)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Domanitskaya et al., 2014)
involved_in embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberl et al., 1992)
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eberl et al., 1992)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in organic acid metabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000670347
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in steroid metabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000670521
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in xenobiotic metabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000670347
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Talamillo et al., 2008, Warren et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000670347
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (Q9VWR5)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
phantom (phtm) encodes a cytochrome P450 involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis. It is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that catalyzes the addition of a hydroxyl group to the 25 carbon of the cholesterol side chain. phtm mutants fail to undergo head involution, dorsal closure and cuticle secretion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CYTOCHROME P450 - CYP2 CLAN -
Cytochrome P450, or CYP genes, constitute one of the largest families of genes, with representatives in virtually all living organisms. P450 enzymes are heme-thiolate proteins best known for their monooxygenase role, catalyzing the transfer of one atom of molecular oxygen to a substrate and reducing the other to water. The CYP2 clan includes D. melanogaster CYP18 and CYP303-307 family genes. CYP2 members have diverse roles and are widely considered as "environmental response genes" in mammalian species. (Adapted from FBrf0248421.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Involved in the metabolism of insect hormones; responsible for ecdysteroid C25-hydroxylase activity. May be involved in the breakdown of synthetic insecticides.
(UniProt, Q9VWR5)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
exo: exocephalon
Sex-linked recessive lethal; variably differentiated cuticle; complete failure of head involution with well developed head structures on exterior of the embryo. Many embryos slightly twisted with defective ventral denticle patterns.
phm: phantom
Male lethal. Cuticle of lethal embryos not well differentiated and contracted posteriorly.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\phtm for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VWR5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
phtm-RA
FBtr0074603
NM_133091
1997
574
phtm-RB
FBtr0342846
NM_001298485
2203
574
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
phtm-PA
FBpp0074374
65.2
574
6.11
Q9VWR5
NP_573319
AAF48873
phtm-PB
FBpp0309669
65.2
574
6.11
Q9VWR5
NP_001285414
AHN59884
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

574 aa isoforms: phtm-PA, phtm-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\phtm using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.27

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 2
organism

Comment: maternal

(Chung et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
procephalic neuroblast
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 16
prothoracic gland
(Chung et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval corpus allatum
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval corpus cardiacum
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Chung et al., 2009)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Danielsen et al., 2014)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage -- second instar larval stage
prothoracic gland | faint
(Moeller et al., 2013)
third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Talamillo et al., 2008)
prothoracic gland
(Danielsen et al., 2014, Moeller et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Talamillo et al., 2008, Warren et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\phtm in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 20 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of phtm
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of phtm
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 11 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | embryonic stage | recessive
lethal | maternal effect
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female semi-fertile, with Scer\GAL4GMR47A04
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
abnormal cell number | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PO
abnormal cell number | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
abnormal circadian rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal developmental rate | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PO
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10 | somatic clone
border follicle cell | oogenesis stage S10A | somatic clone
chaeta | increased number, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
embryo
embryo | dorsal closure stage
embryo | embryonic stage 14
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | embryonic stage
embryonic/larval cuticle
embryonic/larval hindgut | embryonic stage
embryonic epidermis
embryonic head
enteroendocrine cell | P-stage | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PO
enteroendocrine cell | P-stage | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
midgut primordium
ovary
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval digestive system
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
sensory neuron | embryonic stage
symmetrical commissure
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (23)
Hsap\CYP2U1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\CYP2A6
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2A13
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2B6
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2C8
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2C9
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2C18
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2C19
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2E1
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2J2
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2R1
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2A7
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2D6
3 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\CYP2F1
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2S1
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP1A1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP1A2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP1B1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2D7
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP2W1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CYP17A1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CYP2G1P
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CYP21A2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (46)
Rnor\Cyp2j3
5 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Cyp2u1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Cyp2ac1
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c13
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2e1
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2j10
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2j16
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2a1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2a2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2a3
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2b1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2b2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2b3
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2b12
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2b15
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2b21
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c6v1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c7
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c11
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c12
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c22
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c23
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c24
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2c80
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2f4
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2g1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2j4
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2r1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC100361492
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC100361547
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC103691072
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC103691092
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp1a1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp1a2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2ab1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2d1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2d2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2d3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2d4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2d5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2s1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2t1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp2w1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp1b1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp17a1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cyp21a1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (54)
Mmus\Cyp2u1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Cyp2c29
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c37
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c38
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c39
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j5
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j6
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j8
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j9
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j12
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2r1
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2a4
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2a5
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2a12
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2a22
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2b9
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2b10
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2b13
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2b19
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2b23
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c23
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c40
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c50
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c54
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c55
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c65
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c66
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c67
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c68
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c69
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2c70
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2e1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2f2
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2g1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j7
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j11
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2j13
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp1a1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp1a2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2ab1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d9
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d10
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d11
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d12
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d22
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d26
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d34
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2s1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2t4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2w1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp1b1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp2d40
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp17a1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cyp21a1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (51)
Xtro\cyp2u1
5 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.1
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.7
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.8
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2c8l
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100495200
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100495359
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100497899
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC116406634
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC116406636
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\MGC69353
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\panx3
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5880541
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5919979
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.3
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.4
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2c8.1
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100497503
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100497808
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\crlf3
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp1a1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp1b1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp1c1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp1d1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.5
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a6.9
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2a13l
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2b6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2c8.2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2c19
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2d6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2e1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2g1p
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2r1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp2w1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp21a2.1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100491603
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100491773
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100494106
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100495056
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5848842
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\XB5935727
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5952314
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cyp17a1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100497034
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sh3glb1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5761350
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5769266
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5815362
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (50)
Drer\cyp2u1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\cyp2aa1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa2
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa4
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa8
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa11
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa12
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2ad2
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2ae1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2j20
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k6
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k22
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2p6
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2p7
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2p8
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2p9
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2p10
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2r1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2v1
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2y3
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa3
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa9
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2ad3
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2ad6
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k8
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k16
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k17
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k18
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k19
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2n13
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC103909721
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp1a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp1c1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp1d1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2aa7
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2x6
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2x7
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2x8
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2x9
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2x10.2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2x12
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp17a1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cyp17a2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100148115
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp1b1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp1c2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cyp2k20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cyp2k21
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cyp21a2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-286h2.3
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (45)
Cele\cyp-23A1
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\cyp-33C6
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\daf-9
4 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\cyp-14A1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-14A5
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C2
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C3
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C4
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C5
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C7
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C8
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C9
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C11
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33D3
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33E1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33E2
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-14A2
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-14A3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-14A4
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33A1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33B1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33C12
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33D1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-36A1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-33E3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A8
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-34A10
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35A1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35A2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35A3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35A4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35A5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35B1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35B2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35B3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35C1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cyp-35D1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\dach-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (13)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004665
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005656
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005657
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005658
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005660
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012667
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010077
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001039
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003065
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003066
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003067
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008682
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012937
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (150)
Atha\CYP706A4
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\CYP706A6
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\TT7
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G66540
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G32047
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A12
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A13
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A14
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A15
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A16
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A18
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A19
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A20
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A21
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A22
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A23
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A24
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A25
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A26
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A27
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71A28
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B4
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B5
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B6
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B7
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B8
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B9
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B10
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B11
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B12
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B13
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B14
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B16
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B17
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B19
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B20
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B21
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B22
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B23
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B24
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B25
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B26
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B28
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B29
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B31
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B34
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B35
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B36
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B37
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP71B38
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C4
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C5
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C6
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76C7
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP76G1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP78A5
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D4
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D5
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D6
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D7
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D8
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81D11
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81F2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81F3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81F4
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81G1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81H1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81K1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP81K2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP82C2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP82C3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP82C4
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP82F1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP82G1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP83A1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP83B1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP91A2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP93D1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP98A3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP98A8
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP98A9
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A4
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A5
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A6
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A8
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A12
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A13
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A15
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A18
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A19
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A20
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A21
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A22
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A23
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A24
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A25
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A27
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A30
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A32
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP705A33
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP706A1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP706A2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP706A3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP706A5
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP706A7
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP712A1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP712A2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PAD3
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\C4H
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP71B32
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G12190
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP77A4
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP77A6
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP77A9
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP77B1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP78A6
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP78A7
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP78A8
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP78A9
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP78A10
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP79A2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP79B2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP79B3
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP79C1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP79C2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP79F1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP79F2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP84A4
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP89A2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP89A3
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP89A5
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP89A6
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP89A7
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP89A9
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CYP703A2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP705A9
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\FAH1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\UNE9
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CYP705A28
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\DIT2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:phtm. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
Cyp18a1
6 of 13
Cyp305a1
4 of 13
Cyp303a1
3 of 13
Cyp304a1
2 of 13
spok
2 of 13
spo
2 of 13
Cyp6t1
1 of 13
Cyp28c1
1 of 13
Cyp309a2
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CYP2U1; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily U member 1
    5 of 14
    610670
    CYP2A6; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6
    4 of 14
    122720
    CYP2A13; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13
    4 of 14
    608055
        CYP2B6; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6
        4 of 14
        123930
          CYP2C8; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8
          4 of 14
          601129
            CYP2C9; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9
            4 of 14
            601130
            CYP2C18; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 18
            4 of 14
            601131
                CYP2C19; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19
                4 of 14
                124020
                  CYP2E1; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1
                  4 of 14
                  124040
                      CYP2J2; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily J member 2
                      4 of 14
                      601258
                          CYP2R1; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1
                          4 of 14
                          608713
                          CYP2A7; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 7
                          3 of 14
                          608054
                              CYP2D6; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 (gene/pseudogene)
                              3 of 14
                              124030
                                 
                                CYP2F1; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily F member 1
                                3 of 14
                                124070
                                    CYP2S1; cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily S member 1
                                    3 of 14
                                    611529
                                        Functional Complementation Data
                                        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                        Interactions
                                        Summary of Physical Interactions
                                        Interaction Browsers
                                        Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                        Interaction Browsers
                                        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                                        Starting gene(s)
                                        Interaction type
                                        Interacting gene(s)
                                        Reference
                                        phtm
                                        suppressible
                                        tal
                                        (Gallois et al., 2024)
                                        Starting gene(s)
                                        Interaction type
                                        Interacting gene(s)
                                        Reference
                                        salr
                                        suppressible
                                        phtm
                                        (Ostalé et al., 2024)
                                        External Data
                                        Linkouts
                                        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                        Pathways
                                        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                                        Metabolic Pathways
                                        External Data
                                        Class of Gene
                                        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                        Chromosome (arm)
                                        X
                                        Recombination map
                                        1-60
                                        Cytogenetic map
                                        17D1-17D1
                                        Sequence location
                                        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                        Cytogenetic map
                                        Evidence for location
                                        17D1-17D1
                                        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP443EP443&P{EP}BxEP1383 and P{EP}Pk17EEP438
                                        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                        Cytogenetic map
                                        Notes
                                        References
                                        17C-17C
                                        (Dunkov, 2000.6.29)
                                        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                        Location

                                        1-60

                                        (FlyBase, 2016)

                                        1-59.6

                                        (Comeron et al., 2012)

                                        1-64

                                        (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
                                        Left of (cM)
                                        Right of (cM)
                                        Notes

                                        Map location of 1-64 is based on mapping of original phm alleles; map location of 1-58 corresponds to mapping based on phm alleles of the exocephalon class.

                                        Stocks and Reagents
                                        Stocks (10)
                                        Genomic Clones (18)
                                         

                                        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                                        cDNA Clones (140)
                                         

                                        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                        BDGP DGC clones
                                        Other clones
                                        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                        BDGP DGC clones
                                        Other clones
                                        RNAi and Array Information
                                        Linkouts
                                        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                        Antibody Information
                                        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                         
                                        Commercially Available Antibodies
                                         
                                        Cell Line Information
                                        Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                         
                                          Other Stable Cell Lines
                                           
                                            Other Comments

                                            phm encodes a ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase that catalyzes the conversion of 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone (3-beta,5-beta-ketodiol) to 2,22-dideoxyecdysone (3-beta-5-beta-ketotriol) in S2 cells.

                                            (Warren et al., 2004)

                                            Six EMS induced alleles have been identified in a screen for mutations affecting commissure formation in the CNS of the embryo.

                                            (Hummel et al., 1999)

                                            Muscle phenotype of mutants studied using polarised light microscopy and antibody staining to detect Mhc-lacZ reporter gene expression in muscles.

                                            (Drysdale et al., 1993)

                                            A screen for X-linked genes that affect embryo morphology revealed phm.

                                            (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)

                                            phm mutants display a posterior contraction and poorly differentiated cuticle.

                                            (Wieschaus et al., 1984)
                                            Relationship to Other Genes
                                            Source for database merge of

                                            Source for merge of: phm Cyp306a1

                                            (FlyBase, 1996-)
                                            Additional comments

                                            Source for merge of phm Cyp306a1 was sequence comparison ( date:040503 ).

                                            (FlyBase, 1996-)

                                            Existence of five alleles stated but no individual designations given.

                                            (Wieschaus et al., 1984)
                                            Nomenclature History
                                            Source for database identify of

                                            Source for identity of: phtm phm

                                            (FlyBase, 2009-)
                                            Nomenclature comments

                                            Changed gene symbol 'phm' to 'phtm' to eliminate the case-insensitive duplication with the 'Phm' gene symbol, which is the widely used abbreviation for 'Peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase' across species (see FBrf0092591).

                                            (FlyBase, 2009-)
                                            Etymology
                                            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
                                            Reported As
                                            Symbol Synonym
                                            306a1
                                            (Nelson, 2001.2.5)
                                            CG6578
                                            (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)
                                            CYP306A1
                                            (Claudius et al., 2014, Chen and Li, 2007, Rewitz et al., 2007)
                                            Cyp306a1
                                            (Scanlan et al., 2020, Domanitskaya et al., 2014, Niwa et al., 2011, Rewitz et al., 2007, Tijet et al., 2001)
                                            Cyp306a1-Dm
                                            (Namiki et al., 2009, Niwa et al., 2004)
                                            Phm
                                            (Wen et al., 2023, Kamiyama and Niwa, 2022, Jeong et al., 2019)
                                            exo
                                            (Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)
                                            phm
                                            (Gallois et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024, Shimell and O'Connor, 2023, Sun et al., 2023, Carlson et al., 2022, Gupta et al., 2022, Khalid et al., 2022, Ohhara et al., 2022, Heredia et al., 2021, Higareda Alvear et al., 2021, Kannangara et al., 2021, Keith et al., 2021, Pan and O'Connor, 2021, Sood et al., 2021, Tu et al., 2021, Zhao et al., 2021, Cho et al., 2020, Cruz et al., 2020, Haudry et al., 2020, Huynh et al., 2020, Kannangara et al., 2020, Koyama et al., 2020, Scanlan et al., 2020, Zeng et al., 2020, Swevers, 2019, Huynh et al., 2018, Ignesti et al., 2018, Setiawan et al., 2018, Shimell et al., 2018, Uryu et al., 2018, Zeng et al., 2018, Casas-Tintó et al., 2017, Christesen et al., 2017, Kaieda et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Di Cara and King-Jones, 2016, Sánchez-Higueras and Hombría, 2016, Sandler and Stathopoulos, 2016, Valzania et al., 2016, Borsos et al., 2015, Deady et al., 2015, Komura-Kawa et al., 2015, Xie et al., 2015, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2014, Claudius et al., 2014, Danielsen et al., 2014, Domanitskaya et al., 2014, Good et al., 2014, Koyama et al., 2014, Neuman et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Deng and Kerppola, 2013, Saunders et al., 2013, Colombani et al., 2012, Gangishetti et al., 2012, Garelli et al., 2012, Guittard et al., 2011, Itoh et al., 2011, Mrinal et al., 2011, Niwa et al., 2011, Ou et al., 2011, Ozdemir et al., 2011, Chavoshi et al., 2010, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Pankotai et al., 2010, Xiang et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2008, Layalle et al., 2008, Talamillo et al., 2008, McBrayer et al., 2007, Orengo and Aguade, 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Ono et al., 2006, Warren et al., 2006, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005)
                                            phtm
                                            (O'Connor, 2025.5.8, Ostalé et al., 2024)
                                            ptm
                                            (Vamos and Boros, 2012)
                                            Name Synonyms
                                            Phantom
                                            (Truman and Riddiford, 2023, Jayakumar et al., 2016, Niwa and Niwa, 2016, Saadin and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Pahi et al., 2015)
                                            cytochrome P450
                                            (Chung et al., 2009)
                                            exocephalon
                                            phantom
                                            (Wang et al., 2025, Chan et al., 2023, Christensen et al., 2020, Texada et al., 2020, Di Cara and King-Jones, 2016, Ou et al., 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Borsos et al., 2015, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2014, Domanitskaya et al., 2014, Koyama et al., 2013, Garelli et al., 2012, Gáliková et al., 2011, Guittard et al., 2011, Itoh et al., 2011, Ou et al., 2011, Pankotai et al., 2010, Ruaud et al., 2010, Xiang et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2008, Layalle et al., 2008, Talamillo et al., 2008, McBrayer et al., 2007, Orengo and Aguade, 2007, Rewitz et al., 2007, Serpe and O'Connor, 2006, Warren et al., 2006, Hummel et al., 1999)
                                            Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                            • FBgn0000613
                                            • FBgn0003080
                                            • FBgn0030948
                                            Datasets (0)
                                            Study focus (0)
                                            Experimental Role
                                            Project
                                            Project Type
                                            Title
                                            Study result (0)
                                            Result
                                            Result Type
                                            Title
                                            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 66 )
                                            Sequence Crossreferences
                                            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                            Other crossreferences
                                            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                            Linkouts
                                            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                            Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
                                            References (199)