FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\sfl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\sfl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

sulfateless

Annotation Symbol

CG8339

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0020251

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

18 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase (2.8.2.8)

Gene Summary

sulfateless sfl encodes a heparan sulfate-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase that catalyzes both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chain. It is involved in the first step in heparan sulfate modification and is required for subsequent sulfotransferase reactions at the 2-O position of iduronate or glucuronate, and the 6-O-position of glucosamine. [Date last reviewed: 2024-12-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

NDST, lincRNA.S4253

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

65B3-65B4

Sequence location

3L:6,495,680..6,550,104 [+]

Recombination map

3-17

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:6495680..6550104

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toyoda et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables deacetylase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000834543

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O95803

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR021930

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000834543

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables hydrolase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR021930

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables sulfotransferase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000863, InterPro:IPR037359

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lin et al., 1999)

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q09147

(Lin et al., 1999)

acts_upstream_of_positive_effect fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lin et al., 1999)

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q07407

(Lin et al., 1999)

involved_in glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toyoda et al., 2000)

involved_in heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kamimura et al., 2011)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toyoda et al., 2000)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kamimura et al., 2011)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kamimura et al., 2011)

involved_in mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lin et al., 1999)

involved_in regulation of imaginal disc growth

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kamimura et al., 2011)

involved_in segment polarity determination

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhu et al., 2005)

involved_in spermatogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yu et al., 2015)

involved_in sulfur compound metabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toyoda et al., 2000)

involved_in Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000834543

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)

located_in Golgi cis cisterna

inferred from direct assay

(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000834543

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

HEPARAN SULFATE SULFOTRANSFERASES

UNCLASSIFIED CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. NDST subfamily. (Q9V3L1)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase activity

alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[heparan sulfate](n) + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = N-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[heparan sulfate](n) + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+) (2.8.2.8)

RHEA 21980: heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity
RHEA 70587:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

HEPARAN SULFATE SULFOTRANSFERASES -: Heparan sulfate sulfotransferases transfers the sulfo group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate on to heparan sulfate. (Adapted from FBrf0202009).
UNCLASSIFIED CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASES -: This group comprises carboxylic ester hydrolases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Pathway (FlyBase)

HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS -: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoconjugates that consist of a core protein linked to one or more linear heparan sulfate (HS) chains. The chains are composed of alternating N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid or iduronic acid that can be variably N- and O-sulfated. HS synthesis occurs in the Golgi apparatus. It starts with the formation of a tetrasaccharide linker on the core protein followed by the alternating addition of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Glucuronic acid can undergo epimerization into iduronic acid, which together with N-acetylglucosamine residues, can be sulfated. HSPGs are then transported to the plasma membrane where they can be processed further by endosulfatases such as Sulf1 that remove sulfate groups from specific sites. (Adapted from FBrf0232460 and FBrf0228609.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Plays a role in diffusion of morphogen wingless (wg) via its role in heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) biosynthesis, HSPGs being required for movement of wg morphogens. Required for wg signaling during both embryonic and imaginal disk development. Also required for FGF receptor signaling.

(UniProt, Q9V3L1)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sfl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9V3L1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Double stop-codon suppression (UGA, UAG) postulated; FBrf0243886.

Gene model reviewed during 6.46

A subset of the transcripts annotated for this gene are postulated to be circular mRNAs (FBrf0246239).

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

sfl-RA

FBtr0076968

NM_079222

5772

1048

sfl-RB

FBtr0301562

NM_001169883

5735

1048

sfl-RC

FBtr0481733

NM_001414148

5735

1129

sfl-RD

FBtr0481741

NM_001414149

1071

199

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

5.3 (northern blot)

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

sfl-PA

FBpp0076677

118.6

1048

8.79

FBpp0290777

118.6

1048

8.79

FBpp0428487

127.7

1129

9.30

UYI58700

sfl-PD

FBpp0428498

20.9

199

7.84

Q4V3Y9

UYI58701

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1048 aa isoforms: sfl-PA, sfl-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1048 (aa)

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Monomer.

(UniProt, Q9V3L1)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sfl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

sfl_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.49

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 4

organism

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Additional Descriptive Data

sfl transcripts are detected in 0-1.5hr embryos on northern blots. Other stages were not tested.

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)

located_in Golgi cis cisterna

inferred from direct assay

(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GawB}sfl^NP2002

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

projection neuron | subset

(Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2010)

embryonic/larval antennal lobe glomerulus | restricted | subset

(Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2010)

larval mushroom body calyx glomerulus | restricted | subset

(Masuda-Nakagawa et al., 2010)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sfl in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\sfl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\sfl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38736/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0020251

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0020251

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0020251

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0020251

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 25 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sfl

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sfl

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)ZN47

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

lethal (with Df(3L)ED211)

sfl^{MI02467-TG4.2}

lethal | embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^NP5130

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^upd1-E132

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

lethal | recessive

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with sfl^9B4)

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴)

sfl^9B4

partially lethal - majority die

sfl^KI.mNdst2

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

sfl^UAS.cKa

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

sfl^UAS.cKa

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sfl^GD2336

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

sfl^GD2336

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sfl^GD2336

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

sfl^GD2336

viable (with sfl^KI.mNdst1)

sfl^KI.mNdst2

viable (with sfl^KI.mNdst2)

sfl^KI.mNdst1

Sterility

Allele

fertile

sfl^KG10053

male semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^NP5130

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate

sfl^Δex2

abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP6267

sfl^HMS00543

abnormal learning | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

sfl^GD2336

abnormal locomotor behavior (with sfl^9B4)

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

abnormal locomotor behavior (with sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴)

sfl^9B4

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

sfl^GD2336

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

sfl^GD2336

abnormal neuroanatomy | cell non-autonomous | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^hh-Gal4

sfl^GD2336

abnormal neurophysiology (with sfl^9B4)

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

abnormal neurophysiology (with sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴)

sfl^9B4

abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

sfl^UAS.cKa

abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4^r4

sfl^HMS00543

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^eya.enh1+E+2

sfl^HMS00543

decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP6267

decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

sfl^HMS00543

decreased size | adult stage

increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

increased mortality during development

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

long lived, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

sfl^circ-ORF.UAS

long lived, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

sfl^circ-inv.UAS

long lived, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

sfl^circ-inv.UAS

long lived | dominant

long lived | female, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

sfl^circ-inv.UAS

long lived | female, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

sfl^UAS.Tag:HA

segment polarity phenotype

sfl^unspecified

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

sfl^UAS.Tag:HA

short lived | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

sfl^HMS00543

some die during P-stage

sfl^KI.mNdst2

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sfl^GD2336

some die during pupal stage (with sfl^9B4)

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

some die during pupal stage (with sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴)

sfl^9B4

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sfl^GD2336

visible | adult stage

sfl^KI.mNdst2

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Bx.PU

sfl^HMS00543

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^eya.enh1+E+2

sfl^HMS00543

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sfl^HMS00543

visible | recessive | somatic clone

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult head, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

sfl^HMS00543

adult midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

adult posterior midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

sfl^HMS00543

adult posterior midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4^NP6267

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

sfl^UAS.cKa

autolysosome | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

sfl^HMS00543

crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx.PU

sfl^HMS00543

cuticle

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

dendritic tree | cell non-autonomous | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^hh-Gal4

sfl^GD2336

distal dendrite | cell non-autonomous | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^hh-Gal4

sfl^GD2336

elongation stage spermatid, with Scer\GAL4^NP5130

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

embryo

sfl^unspecified

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

embryonic/larval ganglionic tracheal branch

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

embryonic/larval tracheal lateral trunk

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

embryonic epidermis

sfl^unspecified

embryonic midgut constriction 2

sfl^unspecified

eye, with Scer\GAL4^eya.enh1+E+2

sfl^HMS00543

fat cell, with Scer\GAL4^r4

sfl^HMS00543

imaginal tracheoblast

sfl^9B4

intestinal stem cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

sfl^HMS00543

larval multidendritic class IV neuron | cell non-autonomous | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^hh-Gal4

sfl^GD2336

larval tracheal system

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

larval tracheal system | germline clone

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

leg

sfl^KI.mNdst2

lipid droplet, with Scer\GAL4^r4

sfl^HMS00543

mesoderm | germline clone

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sfl^GD2336

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^r4

sfl^HMS00543

nucleus, with Scer\GAL4^NP5130

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

sensory mother cell

stomatogastric nervous system

sfl^unspecified

synapse (with sfl^9B4)

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

synapse (with sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴)

sfl^9B4

testis, with Scer\GAL4^NP5130

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

ventral denticle belt

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

wing

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx.PU

sfl^HMS00543

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sfl^HMS00543

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

sfl^UAS.cKa

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^Bx.PU

sfl^HMS00543

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^hh.PU

sfl^UAS.cKa

wing margin | somatic clone

sfl⁰³⁸⁴⁴

wing margin mechanosensory bristle | ectopic

sfl^KI.mNdst2

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx.PU

sfl^HMS00543

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (13)

Hsap\NDST2

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NDST3

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NDST1

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NDST4

12 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\SULT2B1

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (12)

Rnor\Ndst3

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Ndst1

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Ndst2

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Ndst4

12 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Hs3st1

1 of 14

Rnor\Sult2a6

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)

Mmus\Ndst1

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Ndst2

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Ndst3

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Ndst4

12 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)

Xtro\ndst1

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\ndst4

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\ndst2

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\ndst3

7 of 13

Yes

6 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (14)

Drer\ndst1a

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\ndst1b

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\ndst2a

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\ndst2b

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\ndst3

11 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-216b21.2

2 of 14

Drer\si:dkey-121b10.7

2 of 14

Drer\chst15

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\hst-1

14 of 14

Yes

Cele\hst-3.1

2 of 14

Cele\hst-3.2

2 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006328

12 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000422

2 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006169

2 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sfl. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)

Hs3st-A

4 of 13

Hs3st-B

4 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

sfl^HMS00543

model of germ cell cancer

CEA

(Levings and Nakato, 2018)

sfl^GD2336

model of intellectual disability

CEA

(Reuter et al., 2014)

sfl^{RNAi.UAS.THFC}

model of azoospermia

CEA

(Yu et al., 2015)

sfl^GLC01656

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA

(Hope et al., 2019)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

NDST1; N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 1

model of autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 46

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

sfl^HMS00543

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease

modeled by Psn^541.UAS

(Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020)

modeled by Psn^RNAi.UAS.3

(Schultheis et al., 2024)

model of germ cell cancer

is exacerbated by Egfr^f2

(Levings and Nakato, 2018)

sfl^9B4

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 2

modeled by park^Δ21, park¹

(Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020)

sfl^GD2336

exacerbates neonatal diabetes mellitus

modeled by Hsap\INS^C96Y.UAS

(He et al., 2014)

exacerbates mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA

modeled by Sgsh^GD1578

(Webber et al., 2018)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

NDST2; N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 2

13 of 14

603268

NDST3; N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 3

13 of 14

603950

NDST1; N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 1

12 of 14

600853

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 46; MRT46

autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 46

NDST4; N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 4

12 of 14

615039

HS3ST2; heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2

3 of 14

604056

HS3ST3A1; heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3A1

3 of 14

604057

HS3ST3B1; heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3B1

3 of 14

604058

HS3ST4; heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 4

3 of 14

604059

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

sfl - RpS23

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

sfl - eIF3a

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, reverse transcription pcr, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

sfl - eIF3b

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

sfl - eIF3d1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, reverse transcription pcr, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

sfl - eIF3i

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

sfl - eIF3j

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, reverse transcription pcr, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

sfl - eIF3k

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, reverse transcription pcr

(Song et al., 2022)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Lin et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Weigelt et al., 2020)

suppressible

(Ma et al., 2019)

suppressible

(Kamimura et al., 2011)

sfl

suppressible

Hsepi

(Kamimura et al., 2011)

sfl

enhanceable

Hsepi

(Dejima et al., 2013)

suppressible

(Lin et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Ma et al., 2019)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Lin et al., 1999)

enhanceable

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Hsepi

enhanceable

sfl

(Dejima et al., 2013)

park

suppressible

sfl

(Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020)

Psn

suppressible

sfl

(Schultheis et al., 2024, Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020)

enhanceable

(Cho et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Webber et al., 2018)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Monomer.

(UniProt, Q9V3L1 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64188

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0020251

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38736

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

HS-GAG biosynthesis

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

HS-GAG biosynthesis

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9V3L1

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-17

Cytogenetic map

65B3-65B4

Sequence location

3L:6,495,680..6,550,104 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

65B3-65B4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)02094⁰²⁰⁹⁴ and P{lacW}l(3)L4060^L4060

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

65C1-65C2

(Lin, 1999.8.4, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

65C1-65C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Perrimon et al., 1996)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-17

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-15.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (18)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

606435

w^*; PBac{U6:3-sfl.gRNA}VK00027

12782

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GT1}sfl^BG02274

50538

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GLC01656}attP40

36447

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}sfl^MI02467

37008

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}sfl^MI03527

16501

y¹; P{SUPor-P}sfl^KG10053 ry⁵⁰⁶

21840

y¹ w^67c23; P{Mae-UAS.6.11}sfl^DP01300

63165

y¹ w^*; Mi{PT-GFSTF.2}sfl^{MI02467-GFSTF.2}

606769

y¹ w^*; PBac{U6:3-sfl.gRNA.8R}VK00027/TM6B, Tb¹

Kyoto

104060

w^*; P{GawB}sfl^NP2002 / TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

VDRC

v330359

P{VSH330359}attP40

v5070

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD2336}v5070

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (47)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (33)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

IP02947

Other clones

MIP25166

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0020251

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0020251

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

(Junion et al., 2005)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Mutant clones do not show an alteration in the expression of intracellular wg protein but show a dramatic decrease in extracellular wg protein.

(Baeg et al., 2001)

sfl is essential for wg signalling.

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Loss of both maternal and zygotic sfl function results in profound defects in mesoderm and tracheal cell migration in the embryo.

(Lin et al., 1999)

Identification: Defined by a P-element mutation.

(Lin et al., 1997)

Cuticle phenotype similar to that of wg null alleles.

(Lin et al., 1997)

The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(w^hs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to identify the specific maternal effect phenotype for the zygotic lethal mutation.

(Perrimon et al., 1996)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: sfl l(3)03844

(Lin and Perrimon, 1999)

Additional comments

Release 2 annotation CG8339 consisted of 2 non-overlapping transcripts - CT42364 and CT24567. These have been separated into 2 annotations in release 3 of the genome annotation; release 3 annotation CG32396 contains sequences corresponding to release 2 CT42364 and the release 3 annotation for sfl contains sequences corresponding to CT24567.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: sfl CG8339

(Gabrielian, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG8339

(Meadows, 2017.1.11, Hosono et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Häcker et al., 2005, Goldstein, 2000.5.31)

CT24567

(Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

NDST

(Kamimura and Maeda, 2017, Giraldez et al., 2002)

Ndst

(Niu and Liu, 2022)

SFL

(Niu and Liu, 2022)

Sfl

(Owings and Chow, 2024, Kim et al., 2021, Rushton et al., 2020, Weigelt et al., 2020, Webber et al., 2018, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Appocher et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2013, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)

(Lin et al., 1997)

l(3)03844

lincRNA.S4253

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Young et al., 2012)

sfl

(Nakato et al., 2024, Chan et al., 2023, Gude et al., 2023, Li et al., 2022, Romanova-Michaelides et al., 2022, Song et al., 2022, Kamimura and Maeda, 2021, Koreman et al., 2021, Watanabe and Riddle, 2021, Mii and Takada, 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Wei et al., 2020, Hope et al., 2019, Schumacher, 2019, Lee et al., 2018, Levings and Nakato, 2018, Fochler et al., 2017, Poe et al., 2017, Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2017, Takemura and Nakato, 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Levings et al., 2016, Nakato and Li, 2016, Neto et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Nagarajan et al., 2015, Yu et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, He et al., 2014, Bilioni et al., 2013, Dejima et al., 2013, Muha and Müller, 2013, Sekine et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Cho et al., 2012, Hayashi et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2011, Kamimura et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Yan et al., 2010, Hayashi et al., 2009, Ren et al., 2009, Bornemann et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Yan and Lin, 2007, Zhu et al., 2007, Kamimura et al., 2006, Häcker et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005)

sulfateless

(Muha and Müller, 2013, Staudt et al., 2005)

Name Synonyms

HS N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase

(Nishihara, 2020)

N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase

(Nakato and Li, 2016)

Sulfateless

(Nakato and Li, 2016, Kumimoto et al., 2013, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)

diet-wingless

(Lin et al., 1997)

sulfateless

(Liguori et al., 2021, Nishihara, 2020, Neto et al., 2016, Kakugawa et al., 2015, Nagarajan et al., 2015, Yu et al., 2015, He et al., 2014, Reuter et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Kamimura et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Yan et al., 2010, Hayashi et al., 2009, Bornemann et al., 2008, Häcker et al., 2005, Staudt et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Lin et al., 1997)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0010820

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 57 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

38736

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9V3L1

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9V3L1

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9V3L1

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38736/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0020251

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0020251

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0020251

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG8339

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

38736

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64188

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0020251

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0020251

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0020251

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

sfl_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0020251

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0020251

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0020251

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0020251

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC013993

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38736

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

HS-GAG biosynthesis

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

HS-GAG biosynthesis

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9V3L1

References (192)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.49

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