dParkin, D-parkin, dpk
ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility, and defects in brain dopaminergic cells - PINK1 activates Parkin activity leading to ubiquitination of multiple proteins, which in turn promotes clearance of mitochondria by mitophagy
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\park for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
50-55 (kD)
Forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (PubMed:17456438). Interacts with Pink1 (PubMed:19048081). Interacts with Marf (PubMed:20194754, PubMed:24898855). Interacts with Paris (PubMed:32138754). Interacts with septins Septin1 and pnut (PubMed:17456438).
Auto-ubiquitinates in an E2-dependent manner leading to its own degradation.
Phosphorylated (PubMed:18957282, PubMed:24901221, PubMed:25474007, PubMed:27906179). Activation requires phosphorylation at Ser-94 by Pink1 and binding to Pink1-phosphorylated polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:18957282, PubMed:24901221, PubMed:25474007, PubMed:27906179). Phosphorylation at Thr-187 by Pink1 is also important for mitochondrial localization (PubMed:18957282).
The RING-type 1 zinc finger domain is required for ubiquitination activity.
Members of the RBR family are atypical E3 ligases (PubMed:17456438, PubMed:23770917). They interact with E2 conjugating enzymes and function like HECT-type E3 enzymes: they bind E2s via the first RING domain, but require an obligate trans-thiolation step during the ubiquitin transfer, requiring a conserved cysteine residue in the second RING domain (PubMed:17456438, PubMed:23770917).
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\park using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: rapidly degraded
park transcript is expressed in 0-2 hr embryos, and in third instar larvae through adults.
In the germarium, park protein is specifially detected in germarium region 2b. In egg chambers park protein is detected up to stage 9-10 in the oocyte. It is preferentially localized at the posterior pole and is specifically expressed in the anterior margin of the oocyte. It colocalizes with eIF4E1 protein in the oocyte.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\park in JBrowsemaps to 3L
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
polyclonal
park is required for the regulation of tubulin levels.
The condition of park mutants raised on zinc-supplemented food is greatly improved.
Flies mutant for park show significantly reduced lifespan but no difference in dopamine neuron numbers when raised on food supplemented with environmental pesticides or mitochondrial toxins.
The increased lifespan of park mutants is due to metal chelation.
park mutants display increased vulnerability to environmental pesticides and mitochondrial toxins associated with Parkinson's disease.
park gene function is necessary for mitochondrial morphogenesis during earlier and later phases of spermiogenesis.
In park mutants, the investment cones are scattered along the post-elongated spermatid bundles and fail to act properly in the process of sperm individualization.
The level of dopamine is significantly reduced in park mutants compared to controls.
Inhibition of park leads to a reduction of phospho-Akt levels.
park appears to have a role in mitochondrial function.
Source for merge of: parkin CG10523
Source for merge of parkin CG10523 was sequence comparison ( date:020502 ).