FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\GstS1
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\GstS1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Glutathione S transferase S1
Annotation Symbol
CG8938
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010226
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
35 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
glutathione peroxidase (1.11.1.9)
glutathione transferase (2.5.1.18)
prostaglandin-D synthase (5.3.99.2)
Gene Summary
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles (PubMed:22082028). May be involved in the detoxification of metabolites produced during cellular division and morphogenesis (PubMed:12547198, PubMed:1445191). (UniProt, P41043)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Gst2, GST-2, DmGSTS1-1, GST, DmGST2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
53F7-53F8
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-81
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:17093246..17099501
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables glutathione peroxidase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Singh et al., 2001)
enables glutathione transferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Saisawang et al., 2012, Singh et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables glutathione transferase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000170884
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables prostaglandin-D synthase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O60760
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in glutathione metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Saisawang et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in glutathione metabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000170884
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with RGD:70952
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the GST superfamily. Sigma family. (P41043)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
glutathione transferase activity
RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (2.5.1.18)
RHEA 16437: prostaglandin-D synthase activity
prostaglandin H2 = prostaglandin D2 (5.3.99.2)
RHEA 10600: glutathione peroxidase activity
2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O (1.11.1.9)
RHEA 16833:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SOLUBLE GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES -
Glutathione transferases (glutathione S-transferases, GST) catalyze nucleophilic attack by reduced glutathione on nonpolar compounds that contain an electrophilic carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur atom. At least 14 classes of soluble GSTs have been identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: Theta, Omega, Sigma and Zeta exist in all eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has two additional classes, Delta and Epsilon. In D. mel, the class is indicated by the letter after the Gst prefix. (Adapted from FBrf0217315 and PMID:15822171).
PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASES -
Prostaglandin synthases use the prostaglandin precursor (PGH[[2)]]) to produce bioactive prostaglandins (PGs), such as PGI[[2]], PGE[[2]], PGF[[2α]], PGD[[2]]. PGs are short-range lipid signaling molecules that act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to activate G-protein coupled receptors and downstream signaling. (Adapted from FBrf0258648.)
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASES -
Glutathione peroxidases are oxidoreductases that effectively reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides to water and lipid alcohols, respectively, and in turn oxidizes glutathione to glutathione disulfide. (Adapted from PMID:20981034).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles (PubMed:22082028). May be involved in the detoxification of metabolites produced during cellular division and morphogenesis (PubMed:12547198, PubMed:1445191).
(UniProt, P41043)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\GstS1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P41043)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
GstS1-RA
FBtr0087006
NM_166216
1764
249
GstS1-RB
FBtr0087005
NM_079043
1402
249
GstS1-RC
FBtr0100258
NM_166217
1461
249
GstS1-RD
FBtr0333551
NM_001274111
1603
250
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.9, 1.6 (northern blot)

(Beall et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
GstS1-PA
FBpp0086157
27.6
249
4.29
P41043
NP_725653
AAF57901
GstS1-PB
FBpp0086156
27.6
249
4.29
P41043
NP_523767
AAF57900
GstS1-PC
FBpp0099646
27.6
249
4.29
P41043
NP_725654
AAM68496
GstS1-PD
FBpp0305731
27.8
250
4.22
A0A0B4KFT5
NP_001261040
AGB93572
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

249 aa isoforms: GstS1-PA, GstS1-PB, GstS1-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

247 (aa)

(Beall et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, P41043)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\GstS1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.80

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
pars intercerebralis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic midgut chamber
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval garland cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval pericardial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Beall et al., 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data

GstS1 transcripts are detected throughout development on northern blots.

(Beall et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
indirect flight muscle cell
(Clayton et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\GstS1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 68 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of GstS1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of GstS1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (18)
Hsap\HPGDS
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\GSTA5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTM1
4 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\GSTM2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTM4
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTM5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTA1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTA2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTA3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTA4
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTM3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GSTP1
3 of 14
No
Yes
3  
Hsap\GSTT1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GSTT2B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GSTT2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GSTT4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GSTZ1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ODC1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (23)
Rnor\Hpgds
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gstm1
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm3l
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm4
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm6
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm7
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gsta5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstm6l
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\RGD1307603
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gsta1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gsta2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gsta3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gsta4
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gsta6
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstp1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\RGD1562107
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gstt1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gstt2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gstt3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gstt4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gstz1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (21)
Mmus\Hpgds
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gstm3
5 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gsta1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gsta2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gsta5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstm1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstm2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstm4
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstm5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstm6
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstm7
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstp3
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm3776
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gsta3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gsta4
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstp1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstp2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gstt1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gstt2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gstt3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gstt4
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (11)
Xtro\hpgds
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\gsta4
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100496158
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101730710
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gstm1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gstp1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gstt1-like.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gstt1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gstz1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100490385
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ube2q2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (11)
Drer\gstm.1
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gstm.2
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gstm.3
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gsta.1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gstp1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gstp2
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gsta.2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gstt1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gstt1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gstt2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gstz1
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (51)
Cele\gst-11
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\gst-20
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\gst-4
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-6
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-7
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-8
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-9
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-30
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-33
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-38
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-3
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-5
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-12
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-13
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-14
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-16
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-19
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-22
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-24
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-26
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-28
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-29
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-31
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-32
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-34
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-35
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-37
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-39
9 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-15
8 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-18
8 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-21
8 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-27
8 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-17
7 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-36
6 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-40
6 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-10
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-23
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-41
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F55A11.6
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F56A4.3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F56A4.4
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\gst-25
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\Y45G12C.3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\W10C8.4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\F55A11.11
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gst-42
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gst-43
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\R13D11.10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\Y53G8B.1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (29)
Agam\GST_ANOGA
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004172
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE3
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE5
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE6
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE7
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTT1
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTT2
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTU1
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012702
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012838
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GST1D_ANOGA
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD3
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD4
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD5
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD6
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD8
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD10
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD11
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTD12
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE1
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE2
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTE4
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTT2_ANOGA
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTT7_ANOGA
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTU2
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTU3
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTU4
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GSTZ1
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (19)
Atha\GSTF9
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\GSTF10
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\GSTF11
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\GSTF12
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G09640
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G57720
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G77290
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATGSTF13
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF8
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTF14
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTT1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTT2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GSTT3
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\URE2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\gst1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\gst2
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (4)
Ecol\gstB
1 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\yfcF
1 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\yfcG
1 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\yghU
1 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:GstS1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (32)
gfzf
2 of 13
GstD2
2 of 13
GstD5
2 of 13
GstD8
2 of 13
GstE3
2 of 13
GstE5
2 of 13
GstE6
2 of 13
GstE7
2 of 13
GstE8
2 of 13
GstE10
2 of 13
GstT1
2 of 13
GstT2
2 of 13
GstT3
2 of 13
GstD1
1 of 13
GstD3
1 of 13
GstD4
1 of 13
GstD6
1 of 13
GstD7
1 of 13
GstD9
1 of 13
GstD10
1 of 13
GstD11
1 of 13
GstE1
1 of 13
GstE2
1 of 13
GstE4
1 of 13
GstE9
1 of 13
GstE11
1 of 13
GstE12
1 of 13
GstE13
1 of 13
GstE14
1 of 13
GstT4
1 of 13
GstZ1
1 of 13
GstZ2
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    HPGDS; hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase
    12 of 14
    602598
         
        GSTA5; glutathione S-transferase alpha 5
        4 of 14
        607605
            GSTM1; glutathione S-transferase mu 1
            4 of 14
            138350
                 
                GSTM2; glutathione S-transferase mu 2
                4 of 14
                138380
                    GSTM4; glutathione S-transferase mu 4
                    4 of 14
                    138333
                        GSTM5; glutathione S-transferase mu 5
                        4 of 14
                        138385
                            GSTA1; glutathione S-transferase alpha 1
                            3 of 14
                            138359
                                GSTA2; glutathione S-transferase alpha 2
                                3 of 14
                                138360
                                    GSTA3; glutathione S-transferase alpha 3
                                    3 of 14
                                    605449
                                        GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase alpha 4
                                        3 of 14
                                        605450
                                            GSTM3; glutathione S-transferase mu 3
                                            3 of 14
                                            138390
                                                GSTP1; glutathione S-transferase pi 1
                                                3 of 14
                                                134660
                                                     
                                                    Functional Complementation Data
                                                    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                                    Interactions
                                                    Summary of Physical Interactions
                                                    Interaction Browsers
                                                    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                                    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                                                    protein-protein
                                                    Physical Interaction
                                                    Assay
                                                    References
                                                    GstS1 - ATPsynδ
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Act88F
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Adh
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Aldo
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - CG6330
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - COX4
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - COX5A
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - COX7AL2
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Cs1
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Eno
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Gpdh1
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Gpo1
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Mdh2
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Mhc
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Mlc1
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Mlc2
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - ND-18
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Strn-Mlck
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - Tm1
                                                    comigration in sds page, western blot, inferred by author, cosedimentation
                                                    (Mateos et al., 2006, Clayton et al., 1998)
                                                    GstS1 - Tm2
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - TpnC4
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - fln
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - mAcon1
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    GstS1 - wupA
                                                    experimental knowledge based
                                                    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
                                                    Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                                    Interaction Browsers
                                                    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                                    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                                                    Starting gene(s)
                                                    Interaction type
                                                    Interacting gene(s)
                                                    Reference
                                                    Starting gene(s)
                                                    Interaction type
                                                    Interacting gene(s)
                                                    Reference
                                                    gfzf
                                                    suppressible
                                                    GstS1
                                                    (Smith et al., 2019)
                                                    Kr
                                                    enhanceable
                                                    GstS1
                                                    (Abrell et al., 2000)
                                                    park
                                                    enhanceable
                                                    GstS1
                                                    (Whitworth et al., 2005)
                                                    park
                                                    suppressible
                                                    GstS1
                                                    (Whitworth et al., 2005)
                                                    pnr
                                                    enhanceable
                                                    GstS1
                                                    (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
                                                    External Data
                                                    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                                                    Homodimer.
                                                    (UniProt, P41043 )
                                                    Linkouts
                                                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                                    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                                    Pathways
                                                    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                                                    Metabolic Pathways
                                                    External Data
                                                    Linkouts
                                                    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                                    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                                    Class of Gene
                                                    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                                    Chromosome (arm)
                                                    2R
                                                    Recombination map
                                                    2-81
                                                    Cytogenetic map
                                                    53F7-53F8
                                                    Sequence location
                                                    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                                    Cytogenetic map
                                                    Evidence for location
                                                    53F7-53F8
                                                    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k11405k11405&P{EP}EP641 and P{lacW}l(2)k10815k10815
                                                    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                                    Cytogenetic map
                                                    Notes
                                                    References
                                                    53F-53F
                                                    (Beall, 1993.1.20)
                                                    53F1-53F5
                                                    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                                                    (Spradling et al., 1999)
                                                    53F4-53F5
                                                    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                                                    (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                                                    53F-53F
                                                    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                                                    (Beall et al., 1992)
                                                    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                                    Location

                                                    2-81

                                                    (FlyBase, 2016)

                                                    2-84.9

                                                    (Comeron et al., 2012)
                                                    Left of (cM)
                                                    Right of (cM)
                                                    Notes
                                                    Stocks and Reagents
                                                    Stocks (35)
                                                    Genomic Clones (16)
                                                     

                                                    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                                                    cDNA Clones (142)
                                                     

                                                    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                                    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                                    BDGP DGC clones
                                                    Other clones
                                                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                                    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                                    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                                    BDGP DGC clones
                                                    Other clones
                                                    RNAi and Array Information
                                                    Linkouts
                                                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                    Antibody Information
                                                    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                                     
                                                    Commercially Available Antibodies
                                                     
                                                    Cell Line Information
                                                    Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                                     
                                                      Other Stable Cell Lines
                                                       
                                                        Other Comments

                                                        Encoded product has very little activity for typical GST substrates, has significant activity in the GSH conjugation of the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE, and is expressed in tissues (CNS and imaginal discs) not normally associated with detoxification.

                                                        (Singh et al., 2001)

                                                        Encoded product may have a protective role against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress.

                                                        (Singh et al., 2001)

                                                        GstS1 interacts with the TnH-34 isoform of troponin-H in asynchronous indirect flight muscle.

                                                        (Clayton et al., 1998)

                                                        A second gene that encodes glutathione S-transferase has been isolated.

                                                        (Beall et al., 1992)
                                                        Relationship to Other Genes
                                                        Source for database merge of

                                                        Source for merge of: Gst2 l(2)04227

                                                        (Misra, 2000.8.9)
                                                        Additional comments

                                                        FlyBase curator comment: "EP2012" overexpression phenotype stated to be due to its effect on GstS1 but orientation of the P{EP} element suggests otherwise. FlyBase curator comment: "EP2031" overexpression phenotype stated to be due to its effect on GstS1 but orientation of the P{EP} element suggests otherwise.

                                                        (Singh et al., 2005)
                                                        Nomenclature History
                                                        Source for database identify of
                                                        Nomenclature comments
                                                        Etymology
                                                        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (40)
                                                        Reported As
                                                        Symbol Synonym
                                                        CG8938
                                                        (Murari et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Kurshakova et al., 2019, Çiçek et al., 2016, Butzlaff et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Saisawang et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2010, Mosallanejad et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009, Alias and Clark, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Molnar et al., 2006, Norga et al., 2003)
                                                        DmGST-2
                                                        (Chelvanayagam et al., 2001, Ranson et al., 2001, Beall et al., 1992)
                                                        DmGST2
                                                        (Aigaki et al., 2002, Morton, 1993, Toung et al., 1993, Morrissey et al., 1987)
                                                        DmGSTS1
                                                        (Alias and Clark, 2007, Zimniak and Benes, 2002.7.15, Chelvanayagam et al., 2001)
                                                        DmGSTS1-1
                                                        (Agianian et al., 2003, Feng et al., 2003, Sawicki et al., 2003, Singh et al., 2002, Singh et al., 2001)
                                                        DmGst-2
                                                        (Ohba et al., 1998)
                                                        DmGstS1-1
                                                        (Litvinova et al., 2008)
                                                        Est2
                                                        (Spradling et al., 1999)
                                                        GST
                                                        (Prasad and Muralidhara, 2014, Lozinsky et al., 2013, Rival et al., 2009, Pearson, 1996, Harshman et al., 1991)
                                                        GST S1
                                                        (Rival et al., 2009, Alias and Clark, 2007, Feng et al., 2003)
                                                        GST-2
                                                        (Vikhorev et al., 2010, Mateos et al., 2006, Agianian et al., 2003, Sawicki et al., 2003, Singh et al., 2002, Agianian et al., 2001, Clayton et al., 1998)
                                                        GST-S1
                                                        (Roeder et al., 2009)
                                                        GST2
                                                        (Righi et al., 2014, Zimniak and Benes, 2002.7.15, Le Goff et al., 2001, Coronella and Cochrane, 1995)
                                                        GSTII
                                                        (Lougarre et al., 1999)
                                                        GSTS
                                                        (Dai et al., 2023, Zhang et al., 2022)
                                                        GSTS1
                                                        (Vorojeikina et al., 2017, Saisawang and Ketterman, 2014, Wongtrakul et al., 2014, Li et al., 2008, Alias and Clark, 2007, Feng et al., 2003)
                                                        GSTs
                                                        (He et al., 2025, Yang et al., 2021)
                                                        Gst2
                                                        (Wang et al., 2015, Apidianakis et al., 2007, Apidianakis et al., 2005, Jasper et al., 2002, Fernandez-Funez et al., 2000, Toba et al., 1999, Altschul and Gish, 1996, Coronella and Cochrane, 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                                                        GstS1
                                                        (Fujinaga et al., 2025, Haas et al., 2025, Li et al., 2025, Li et al., 2024, Petiot et al., 2024, Salminen et al., 2024, Kasuya et al., 2023, Ramesh et al., 2023, Zheng et al., 2023, Pang et al., 2021, Tu et al., 2021, Hope et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Ke and Hsu, 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Mathiyalagan et al., 2019, Smith et al., 2019, Hill et al., 2018, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Duun Rohde et al., 2016, Butzlaff et al., 2015, Del Caño-Espinel et al., 2015, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Eliazer et al., 2014, Harrop et al., 2014, Liang et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, O'Sullivan et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Murray et al., 2012, Pezzulo et al., 2012, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Noyes et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Heifetz and Rivlin, 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Liu and Lu, 2010, Ayroles et al., 2009, Dubruille et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009, Branco et al., 2008, Litvinova et al., 2008, Simonsen et al., 2008, Stofanko et al., 2008, Trinh et al., 2008, Baker et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2006, Greene et al., 2005)
                                                        GstS1-1
                                                        (Litvinova et al., 2008)
                                                        S1
                                                        (Alias and Clark, 2007)
                                                        dHPGDS
                                                        (Murari et al., 2022)
                                                        gst
                                                        (Chen et al., 2020)
                                                        gstD2
                                                        (Toung et al., 1993)
                                                        gsts1
                                                        (Chen and Sokolowski, 2022, Saisawang et al., 2012, Ueda and Wu, 2009, Ueda and Wu, 2008)
                                                        l(2)04227
                                                        (Abrell et al., 2000)
                                                        l(2)k08805
                                                        (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002, Tomkiel, 2001.12.6)
                                                        lincRNA.330
                                                        (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Young et al., 2012)
                                                        n(2)06253
                                                        (Spradling, 1999.12.9)
                                                        Name Synonyms
                                                        Glutathione S transferase 2
                                                        Glutathione S transferase S1
                                                        (Cammarato et al., 2011, Varma and Mishra, 2011, Heifetz and Rivlin, 2010, Zimniak and Benes, 2002.7.15)
                                                        Glutathione S-transferase
                                                        (Zoghbi and Botas, 2002)
                                                        Glutathione S-transferase 2
                                                        (Pearson, 1998)
                                                        Glutathione S-transferase S1
                                                        (Litvinova et al., 2008, Greene et al., 2005)
                                                        Glutathione-S-Transferase 2
                                                        (Apidianakis et al., 2007)
                                                        glutathione S-transferase-2
                                                        (Vikhorev et al., 2010, Agianian et al., 2001, Clayton et al., 1998)
                                                        glutathione S-transferase-S1
                                                        (Ueda and Wu, 2009)
                                                        glutathione transferase-related protein
                                                        (Beall, 1993.1.20)
                                                        glutathione-S-transferase
                                                        (Rival et al., 2009, Driscoll and Gerstbrein, 2003)
                                                        glutathione-S-transferase (GST) S1
                                                        (Rival et al., 2009)
                                                        Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                                        • FBgn0010568
                                                        • FBgn0022031
                                                        Datasets (0)
                                                        Study focus (0)
                                                        Experimental Role
                                                        Project
                                                        Project Type
                                                        Title
                                                        Study result (0)
                                                        Result
                                                        Result Type
                                                        Title
                                                        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 109 )
                                                        Sequence Crossreferences
                                                        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                                        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                                        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                                        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                                        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                                        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                                        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                                        Other crossreferences
                                                        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                                        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                                        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                                        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                                        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                                        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                                        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                                        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                                        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                                        PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
                                                        Linkouts
                                                        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                                        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                                        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                                        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                                        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                                        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                                        FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                                        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                                        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                                        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                                        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                                        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                                        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                                        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                                        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                                        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                                        Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
                                                        References (188)