Human Disease Model Report: Parkinson disease, susceptibility plus toxin exposure

General Information

Name

Parkinson disease, susceptibility plus toxin exposure

FlyBase ID

FBhh0001390

Disease Ontology Term

Parkinson's disease

Parent Disease

OMIM

Overview

Some cases of Parkinson disease in humans are postulated to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and repeated exposure to toxins such as pesticides and herbicides.

A disease model has been created using targeted RNAi-mediated knockdown of the Drosophila park gene primarily in dopaminergic neurons, combined with exposure to the herbicide paraquat or paraquat combined with iron. The human ortholog of Dmel\park, PRKN, is implicated in Parkinson disease 2. This system has been used to assess the therapeutic value of melatonin to slow or prevent the progression of Parkinson disease.

An additional model uses flies expressing the human Hsap\SNCA gene (implicated in PD1) in combination with paraquat.

See the Human Disease Model reports 'Parkinson disease 2, early-onset' (FBhh0000008), 'Parkinson-like disease, toxin-induced' (FBhh0000187), Parkinson-like disease, metal toxicity (FBhh0000884), and Parkinson disease 1 (FBhh0000006).

See also FlyBase chemical reports for paraquat (FBch0000495), iron(2+) (FBch0000535), iron(2+) sulfate (FBch0000610), melatonin (FBch0000319).

[updated Mar. 2024 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Disease Summary: Parkinson disease, susceptibility plus toxin exposure

OMIM report

Human gene(s) implicated

Symptoms and phenotype

Genetics

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

External links

Disease synonyms

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease 1

Parkinson disease 2, early-onset

Parkinson-like disease, metal toxicity

Parkinson-like disease, toxin-induced

toxicity studies (fly models overview)

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Hsap\SNCA

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (1)

Dmel\park

Gene Snapshot

parkin (park) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a key role in protein ubiquitination. It is involved in mitochondrion organization, oxidative stress and locomotion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

E3-RBR

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human PRKN (1 Drosophila to 1 human). Dmel\park shares 43% identity and 59% similarity with human PRKN.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (25 groups)

park

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

park

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study

(Tan et al., 2018, Bae et al., 2007)

park - ari-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tan et al., 2018)

park - ari-2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tan et al., 2018)

park - clu

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sen et al., 2015)

park - eIF4E1

pull down, western blot

(Ottone et al., 2011)

park - elgi

two hybrid

(Zhong et al., 2005)

park - Hsap\SNCA

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

park - Hsap\TAF15

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kim et al., 2019)

park - Kap-α1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ti et al., 2025)

park - koi

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tan et al., 2018)

park - Marf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yun et al., 2014, Poole et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010)

park - mRpL18

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ti et al., 2025)

park - Paris

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Pirooznia et al., 2020)

park - pelo

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wu et al., 2018)

park - Pink1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Sen et al., 2015, Whitworth et al., 2008)

park - pix

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wu et al., 2018)

park - pnut

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bae et al., 2007)

park - Rab11

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rai et al., 2023)

park - rib

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ti et al., 2025)

park - Septin1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bae et al., 2007)

park - Septin4

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)

Hsap\SNCA

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Hsap\SNCA - β-Spec

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Maor et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA - HDAC6

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Du et al., 2010)

Hsap\SNCA - Lsd2

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Girard et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA - park

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA - Pink1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (80 alleles)

park

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 35 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

park^JF01200

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Srivastav et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Kim et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Valadas et al., 2018)

park^Δ21

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park²⁵

(Zhu et al., 2015)

CEA with park¹

(Chen et al., 2017)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC with park¹

(Huang et al., 2022)

CEA with park¹

(Xue et al., 2022, Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020, Wan et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2019, Valadas et al., 2018, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2017)

CEC

(Pesah et al., 2004)

CEC with park^tSR

(Pesah et al., 2004)

CEA

(Pesah et al., 2004)

model of Parkinson's disease 6

CEC with park¹

(Liu et al., 2022)

park¹

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park^Δ21

(Chen et al., 2017, Wu et al., 2013)

CEA

(Ng et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2014, Kim et al., 2012, Ng et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2007, Park et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2005)

CEA with Uch^KO

(Ham et al., 2021)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Ham et al., 2023, Miozzo et al., 2022, Erhardt et al., 2021, Ham et al., 2021, Ham et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2019)

CEC with park^Δ21

(Huang et al., 2022)

CEC

(Moehlman et al., 2023, Doktór et al., 2019, Basil et al., 2017)

CEA with park^Δ21

(Xue et al., 2022, Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020, Wan et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2019, Valadas et al., 2018, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2017)

model of Huntington's disease

CEC with Hsap\HTT^Q93.ex1.UAS

(Khalil et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 6

CEC with park^Δ21

(Liu et al., 2022)

park¹³

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Das et al., 2023)

CEA

(Rai et al., 2023, Rai and Roy, 2022, Dwivedi and Lakhotia, 2016)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Greene et al., 2003)

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park²

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Cha et al., 2005)

park²⁵

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Celardo et al., 2017, Julienne et al., 2017, Lehmann et al., 2016, Cagin et al., 2015, Gao et al., 2015, Bingol et al., 2014, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Vincow et al., 2013, Vincent et al., 2012, Fernandes and Rao, 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Tain et al., 2009, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2005, Greene et al., 2003)

CEA with park^Z3678

(Vincent et al., 2012)

CEA with park^Z472

(Poole et al., 2008)

CEA with Vps35^E42

(Malik et al., 2015)

CEA with Vps35^MH20

(Malik et al., 2015)

CEC

(Celardo et al., 2016, Sen et al., 2015, Pogson et al., 2014, Costa et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Saini et al., 2011)

CEA with Lrrk^ex1

(Aggarwal et al., 2019)

model of Parkinson's disease 6

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park⁴⁵

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Greene et al., 2003)

park^UAS.cGa

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Fernius et al., 2017, Martinez et al., 2017)

park^Z3678

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park²⁵

(Vincent et al., 2012)

park^Z4437

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Greene et al., 2003)

park^Z472

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park²⁵

(Poole et al., 2008)

park^c00062

model of opportunistic bacterial infectious disease

CEA

(Manzanillo et al., 2013)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Srivastav et al., 2015)

park^RNAi.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

park^tSR

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC with park^Δ21

(Pesah et al., 2004)

park^unspecified

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Bai et al., 2020)

park^{T187A.UAS.Tag:MYC}

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Fernius et al., 2017)

park^GD5543

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Cornelissen et al., 2014)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Fevga et al., 2023)

park^KK107919

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Cornelissen et al., 2018)

CEA

(Valadas et al., 2018)

park^f01950

model of opportunistic bacterial infectious disease

CEA

(Manzanillo et al., 2013)

park^HMS01651

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Coleman et al., 2024, Kinnart et al., 2024, Narwal et al., 2023)

CEC

(Cornelissen et al., 2018)

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

(Narwal et al., 2023)

park^HMS01800

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Dumitrescu et al., 2023)

CEA

(Dinh et al., 2021, Gumeni et al., 2021, Liu et al., 2020)

park^UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^SE.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 6

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^{LD.UAS.cZa.Tag:FLAG}

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Martinez et al., 2017)

park^UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Kandul et al., 2016)

park^{T433N.UAS.Tag:MYC}

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Ham et al., 2020)

park^C449A.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^K56R.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^K77R.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^{K56R.K77R.UAS}

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^K56N.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^R296W.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^K231N.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^ΔUbl.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Fernandes and Rao, 2011)

CEC

(Kim et al., 2019)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 23 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

park^JF01200

exacerbates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Hsap\TAF15^UAS.cCa

(Kim et al., 2019)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by scrib^HMS01490

(Yadav and Srikrishna, 2019)

park¹

model of Parkinson's disease 2

is ameliorated by Fer2^{fTRG00336.sfGFP-TVPTBF}

(Miozzo et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Hsap\AFDN^UAS.cBa

(Basil et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Sting^ΔRG5

(Moehlman et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Cisd^GD15791

(Ham et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Cisd^KO

(Ham et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Itpr^GD1676

(Ham et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Uch^E8A

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by AMPKα^TD.UAS

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Fundc1^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Uch^GD11265

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Uch^C93S

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Uch^KK101723

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Uch^KO

(Ham et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Uch^V96M

(Ham et al., 2021)

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by GstO1^UAS.cKa

(Kim et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by AMPKα^TD.UAS

(Ng et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Ucp4A^UAS.cWa

(Wu et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by srl^UAS.cTa

(Ng et al., 2017)

park¹³

model of Parkinson's disease 2

is ameliorated by spoon^KG02745

(Das et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Rab11^{Q70L.UASp.YFP}

(Rai et al., 2023, Rai and Roy, 2022)

is exacerbated by Rab11^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

(Rai and Roy, 2022)

park²⁵

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Vincent et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Cat^UAS.cAa

(Vincent et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Hsap\BNIP3L^UAS.cGa

(Gao et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by sima^HMS00833

(Cagin et al., 2015)

is exacerbated by Shmt^GD8851

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Shmt^UAS.Tag:HA

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Nmdmc^KK102478

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Nmdmc^UAS.Tag:HA

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by crc^KK111018

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by foxo^UAS.cFa

(Tain et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Lrrk^e03680

(Tain et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Thor^UAS.cMa

(Tain et al., 2009)

is exacerbated by GstS1^EP2223

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by GstS1^k09303

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by GstS1⁰⁴²²⁷

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by GstS1^k08805

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is ameliorated by Usp30^NIG.3016R

(Bingol et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Hsap\PRKN^UAS.cYa

(Poole et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Opa1^s3475

(Poole et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Opa1^f02779

(Poole et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Parp1^CH1

(Lehmann et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\FBXO7^UAS.cBa

(Burchell et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Hsap\FBXO7^UAS.1

(Burchell et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Hsap\FBXO7^UAS.WT1

(Burchell et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Hsap\VPS35^D620N.UAS

(Malik et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by MTF-1^UAS.cSa

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by MTF-1^αTub84B.PS

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Hsap\MTF1^UASp.cBa

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by MtnA^αTub84B.PS

(Saini et al., 2011)

is exacerbated by MTF-1^140-1R

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Trap1^UAS.cCa

(Costa et al., 2013)

is NOT ameliorated by TER94^UAS.cRa

(Kim et al., 2013)

is NOT ameliorated by Hsap\TRAP1^UAS.cBa

(Zhang et al., 2013)

is NOT ameliorated by ND-42^UAS.cBa

(Pogson et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by ND-42^UAS.Tag:HA

(Pogson et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by sicily^UAS.cZa

(Pogson et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by clu^UASp.cSa

(Sen et al., 2015)

is NOT ameliorated by Hsap\CLUH^UASp.cSa

(Sen et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by Marf^KK105681

(Celardo et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by PEK^GD5584

(Celardo et al., 2016)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

is ameliorated by Creld^UAS.Tag:HA

(Paradis et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Stoml2^GD16706

(Zanon et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Stoml2^UAS.cZa

(Zanon et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Hsap\STOML2^UAS.cZa

(Zanon et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Sting^ΔRG5

(Moehlman et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by ntc^UAS.cSa

(Sanchez-Martinez et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by TER94^UAS.cCa

(Zhang et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Mul1^A6

(Zhang et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Usp8^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(von Stockum et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Drp1^UAS.Tag:HA

(Terriente-Felix et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by fwd^UAS.GFP

(Terriente-Felix et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Hsap\ZNF746^DM.UAS

(Pirooznia et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by prtp^Δ1

(Silvera et al., 2025)

is ameliorated by Usp8^GD1285

(Mauri et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Usp8^KO

(Mauri et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by pnt^Δ88

(Duncan et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by COX5A^tend

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Cyt-c1^KG05986

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by ND-19^c06534

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by ND-42^G4500

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by SdhA¹¹¹⁰

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by SdhA⁵

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by SdhB^EY12081

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by SdhB^c00364

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by UQCR-C2^HP30793

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by blw¹

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by cype^DP01427

(O'Hanlon et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Cisd^KO.B

(Bitar et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Cisd^GD15791

(Martinez et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Cisd^KK109403

(Martinez et al., 2024)

park^UAS.Tag:MYC

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by Hsap\FUS^UAS.cUa

(Cha et al., 2020)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Park et al., 2006)

ameliorates autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy 2

modeled by Hsap\HSPB8^{K141T.UAS.cKa}

(Kang et al., 2023)

modeled by Hsap\HSPB8^{K141E.UAS.cKa}

(Kang et al., 2023)

ameliorates autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy 4

modeled by Hsap\HSPB3^Y118H.UAS

(Han et al., 2023)

park^UAS.Tag:HA

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1^RNAi.UAS.cYa

(Liu and Lu, 2010)

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Liu and Lu, 2010)

park^UAS.cGa

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Pogson et al., 2014, Hao et al., 2010, Poole et al., 2008)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Marchesan et al., 2024)

ameliorates late onset Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\ZNF746^DM.UAS

(Pirooznia et al., 2020)

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10

modeled by Hsap\TARDBP^UAS.cDa

(Sun et al., 2018)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^Q93.ex1.UAS

(Campesan et al., 2023)

exacerbates mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 15

modeled by TFAM^NIG.4217R, TFAM^c01716

(Duncan et al., 2018)

park^UAS.cHa

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

(Haywood and Staveley, 2004)

park^UAS.cLa

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Hsap\TAF15^UAS.cCa

(Kim et al., 2019)

park^Z472

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by GstS1^UASp.cWa

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

park^RNAi.UAS

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\GPR37^UAS.cYa

(Yang et al., 2003)

park^{T187A.UAS.Tag:MYC}

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^Q93.ex1.UAS

(Campesan et al., 2023)

park^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:Mito(hCOX4I1)}

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by scrib^HMS01490

(Yadav and Srikrishna, 2019)

park^UAS.cMa

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Septin4^UAS.cMa

(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)

park^GD5543

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Usp32^GD5871

(Cornelissen et al., 2014)

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by Hsap\FUS^{WT.UAS.RFP(Unk),Tag:HA}

(Chen et al., 2016)

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2

modeled by Chchd2^S81L.UAS

(Baek et al., 2021)

park^KK107919

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2

modeled by Chchd2^S81L.UAS

(Baek et al., 2021)

park^HMS01651

ameliorates Machado-Joseph disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Tsou et al., 2015)

model of cardiomyopathy

is ameliorated by Marf^RNAi.cUa.UAS

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Sod1^UAS.cWa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by CG6878^KK108566

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Marf^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park^HMS01800

model of cardiomyopathy

is ameliorated by Sod1^UAS.cWa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by CG6878^KK108566

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Marf^RNAi.cUa.UAS

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Marf^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

is ameliorated by Chchd2^8-8

(Liu et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by cnc^UAS.cSa

(Gumeni et al., 2021)

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2

modeled by Chchd2^S81L.UAS

(Baek et al., 2021)

park^UAS.cSa

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2017)

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1⁵

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^UAS.Tag:FLAG

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by trp^P365

(Huang et al., 2016)

park^K56R.UAS

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1⁵

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^K77R.UAS

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1⁵

(Liu et al., 2022)

park^{K56R.K77R.UAS}

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1⁵

(Liu et al., 2022)

Hsap\SNCA

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 38 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Hsap\SNCA^Δ71-82.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^1-120.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Periquet et al., 2007)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^S129D.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Chen et al., 2009)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Chen and Feany, 2005)

Hsap\SNCA^YF.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Chen et al., 2009)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Bayersdorfer et al., 2010)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Chen and Tully, 2018, Zhu et al., 2016, Jahromi et al., 2015, Jahromi et al., 2015, Kong et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Riemensperger et al., 2013, Shaltiel-Karyo et al., 2012, Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011, Botella et al., 2008, Scherzer et al., 2003, Yang et al., 2003, Feany and Bender, 2000)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEC

(Huang et al., 2023, Golomidov et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Xue et al., 2022, Cunningham et al., 2018)

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025, Dhanushkodi et al., 2023, Diaw et al., 2023, Ledahawsky et al., 2022, Rahmani et al., 2022, Dinh et al., 2021, Beaver et al., 2020, Yan et al., 2019, Abul Khair et al., 2018, Coelho et al., 2018, Fernius et al., 2017, Ito et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS

model of Lewy body dementia

CEA

(Imomnazarov et al., 2024)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Dinter et al., 2016, Zhu et al., 2016, Jahromi et al., 2015, Jahromi et al., 2015, Varga et al., 2014, Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011, Botella et al., 2008, Cooper et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2003, Feany and Bender, 2000)

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025, Dhanushkodi et al., 2023, Diaw et al., 2023, Ledahawsky et al., 2022, Girard et al., 2021, Agerschou et al., 2019, Yan et al., 2019, Abul Khair et al., 2018, Saridaki et al., 2018)

CEC

(Nitta et al., 2023, Szinyákovics et al., 2023, Golomidov et al., 2022, Cunningham et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2009, Auluck et al., 2005)

model of bowel dysfunction

CEA

(Olsen and Feany, 2019)

model of Lewy body dementia

CEA

(Olsen and Feany, 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Breda et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2014, Gajula Balija et al., 2011)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cKa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Karpinar et al., 2009)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Butler et al., 2012, Gajula Balija et al., 2011)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Briffa et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^A56P.UAS.cKa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Karpinar et al., 2009)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEC

(Burr et al., 2014)

CEA

(Burr et al., 2014)

Hsap\SNCA^TP.UAS.cKa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Karpinar et al., 2009)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Yin et al., 2014, Gajula Balija et al., 2011)

Hsap\SNCA^{UAS.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT)}

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Kontopoulos et al., 2006)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Moore et al., 2025, Spargo et al., 2025, Matsuoka et al., 2024, Yu et al., 2023, Dabool et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2019, Rousseaux et al., 2018, Chouhan et al., 2016)

CEC

(Ren et al., 2022)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEC

(Jansen et al., 2017)

CEA with park^HMS01651

(Narwal et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cTa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Varga et al., 2014, Trinh et al., 2008)

CEC

(Roy and Jackson, 2014, Barone et al., 2011)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.EGFP

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA with Hsap\HTT^{UAS.103Q.mCherry}

(Poças et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Bridi et al., 2021, Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Blosser et al., 2020, Shaltouki et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Qi et al., 2017, Zhao et al., 2015)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Liu et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2014)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2018, Merzetti et al., 2017, Büttner et al., 2013)

CEC

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEC

(Maor et al., 2023)

CEA

(Yadav et al., 2024, Olsen and Feany, 2021, Sarkar et al., 2021, Sarkar et al., 2021, Sarkar et al., 2020)

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Rai and Kumar, 2025, Mohite et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Mohite et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Mohite et al., 2018)

model of Lewy body dementia

CEA

(Mohite et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cJa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Jahromi et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^V15A.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Diaw et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.QUAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Praschberger et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cPa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKb

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKb

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cKb

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^{QUAS.Tag:FLAG.T2A-GFP}

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Bankapalli et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^A53V.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cMa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Hsap\SNCA^S129D.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Shark^UAS.cFa

(Chen et al., 2009)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by ple^GD1181

(Bayersdorfer et al., 2010)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Jra^Jbz.UAS

(Liu et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by bsk^UAS.cBa

(Liu et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Sfxn1-3^EY01545

(Ledahawsky et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Tango14^GD481

(Xue et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Tango14^JF01144

(Xue et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Tip60^UAS.cUa

(Beaver et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by TP53INP^FENLL.UAS

(Dinh et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by TP53INP^long.UAS

(Dinh et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by egr^HMC03963

(Huang et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lamp1^11B

(Rahmani et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Lamp1^6.1

(Rahmani et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Lamp1^Tub.PR

(Rahmani et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by st^UAS.Venus

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Atg7^GD11671

(Yan et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Ire1^GD3071

(Yan et al., 2019)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Abul Khair et al., 2018)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SOD1^UAS.cPa

(Botella et al., 2008)

exacerbates Kufor-Rakeb syndrome

modeled by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Usp8^HMS01898

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Sfxn1-3^EY01545

(Ledahawsky et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Hsap\FYCO1^UAS.cSa

(Saridaki et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by st^UAS.Venus

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Zzzz\β-wrapin^UAS.AS69

(Agerschou et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Arl8^Q75L.UAS

(Szinyákovics et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Rab2^{Q65L.UASp.YFP}

(Szinyákovics et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Abul Khair et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Mmus\Rab1a^UAS.cCa

(Cooper et al., 2006)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Rab7^UAS.GFP

(Dinter et al., 2016)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

exacerbates Kufor-Rakeb syndrome

modeled by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Buffy^UAS.cQa

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by cn^KK101938

(Breda et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\DNAJC13^{N855S.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Yoshida et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Hsap\ARSA^N352S.UAS

(Lee et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Hsap\ARSA^UAS.cLa

(Lee et al., 2019)

is exacerbated by Hsap\GBA1^{L444P.UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:polyHis}

(Maor et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by IP3K2^KK112292

(Di Leva et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by porin^JF03251

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is exacerbated by porin^KK107645

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is exacerbated by HtrA2^HM05030

(Chung et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by HtrA2^UAS.cYa

(Chung et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Drp1^KG03815

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Hsap\HSPA1L^UAS.cWa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Pink1^UAS.cYa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by park^UAS.cGa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Avic\GFP^klar.LD.UASp

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG7900^EY10020

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lsd1^UAS.EGFP

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lsd2^UAS.EGFP

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by BI-1^GD1660

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

is exacerbated by BI-1^KK100983

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Abul Khair et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Rop^A3

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

is exacerbated by Rop^G27

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Shark^UAS.cFa

(Chen et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Usp8^HMS01898

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016)

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^GMR.Q120

(Winslow et al., 2010)

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by Atg6^GD11647

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is exacerbated by Pi3K59F^KK107602

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\HSPA1L^UAS.cWa

(Auluck et al., 2002)

is exacerbated by Hsc70-4^K71S.UAS

(Auluck et al., 2002)

is ameliorated by Hsap\PRKN^UAS.cYa

(Yang et al., 2003)

is ameliorated by park^UAS.cHa

(Haywood and Staveley, 2004)

is ameliorated by Pink1^UAS.cTa

(Todd and Staveley, 2008)

is exacerbated by Gprk2^UAS.cCb

(Chen and Feany, 2005)

is ameliorated by Mmus\Rab1a^UAS.cCa

(Cooper et al., 2006)

is ameliorated by Rab11^UAS.EGFP

(Breda et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by Hsap\UBC^UAS.Tag:HA

(Lee et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Hsap\UBC^{K63R.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Lee et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Hsap\UBC^{K48.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Lee et al., 2009)

is exacerbated by HDAC6^KO

(Du et al., 2010)

is ameliorated by HDAC6^UAS.cDa

(Du et al., 2010)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Sin3A⁰⁸²⁶⁹

(Kontopoulos et al., 2006)

is exacerbated by Gba1a^GD6246

(Suzuki et al., 2015)

is exacerbated by Gal^GD936

(Suzuki et al., 2015)

is exacerbated by Vps35^GD11710

(Miura et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by chico¹

(Knight et al., 2014)

is exacerbated by Pgi^EY09730

(Knight et al., 2014)

is exacerbated by Tpi^GD10138

(Vicente Miranda et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Glo1^KK109109

(Vicente Miranda et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Debcl^UAS.Tag:HA

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by Debcl^JF02429

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\HTRA2^UAS.cCa

(Chung et al., 2020)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Vps35^GD11710

(Miura et al., 2014)

exacerbates Kufor-Rakeb syndrome

modeled by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

exacerbates developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 4

modeled by Rop^A3

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

modeled by Rop^G27

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Rab8^UASp.YFP

(Yin et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Rab11^UAS.EGFP

(Breda et al., 2015)

is NOT ameliorated by Rab11^{S25N.UASp.YFP}

(Breda et al., 2015)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Hsap\TRAP1^UAS.cBa

(Butler et al., 2012)

is exacerbated by Trap1^KG06242

(Butler et al., 2012)

Hsap\SNCA^TP.UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Rab8^UASp.YFP

(Yin et al., 2014)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Ca-α1D^MI08906

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Ddc^ts2

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Egfr^{FRT.RNAi.slbo}

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Eip63E^{MI00413-GFSTF.1}

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Eip63E^MI04853

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Loxl2^MI06311

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by N^fa-swb

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by bgm^MI14249

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by cac^GD15341

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Cdk8^GL00231

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by CycC^HMS01095

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Eip75B^12-111

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by GlyRS^08-107

(Ren et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Hph^KK100344

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by MTA1-like^06-040

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by ND-39^11-101

(Ren et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Vhl^KK111257

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by cpo^10-129

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by dlt^05-188

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by heca^06-232

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by kto^HMS06027

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by l(3)87Df^10-122

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by sima^KK102226

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^06-056

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^HMS01305

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^MI12229

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^T606

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by ABCB7^03-232

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by CG4553^06-125

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Cdc27^02-055

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Spn27A^KK109962

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn31A^GD5369

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn31A^KK106055

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn42Da^KK107708

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn42De^GD14221

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn42De^KK103216

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn47C^GD9948

(Moore et al., 2025)

is ameliorated by SkpA^UAS.ORF

(Dabool et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Dap160^Δ1

(Spargo et al., 2025)

is ameliorated by Dap160^UAS.cKa

(Spargo et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Csp^R1

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Ect3^KK102324

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Ect3^NIG.3132R

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^KK107189

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lip4^GD5503

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lip4^KK106457

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Npc1a¹

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Npc1a²

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Npc1a^KK101077

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Snmp1^GD478

(Yu et al., 2023)

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by CG32191^KK103889

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by CG32191^GD6163

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Ptp10D^GD2611

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS01715

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS02460

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Ptp10D^GD115

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by CG12025^KK107653

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by CG12025^GD2253

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Ptp10D^KK101775

(Jansen et al., 2017)

exacerbates developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 4

modeled by Rop^A3

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

modeled by Rop^G27

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cTa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Gclm^UAS.cOa

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by GstS1^UASp.cWa

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is exacerbated by Gclm^L0580

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is exacerbated by Cth^KG02526

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is exacerbated by GstS1^M26

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

is ameliorated by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.wt

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

is ameliorated by cnc^UAS.cSa

(Barone et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Keap1^RNAi.UAS

(Barone et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Keap1^EY5

(Barone et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by maf-S^UAS.Tag:HA

(Barone et al., 2011)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.wt

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 22

modeled by Chchd2^null

(Ikeda et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Hsap\TMEM59^UAS.cLa

(Zhang et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by aux^GD7187

(Song et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by aux^KK100927

(Song et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Hsap\TMEM59^UAS.cLa

(Zhang et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Sh^{EKO.UAS.GFP(GL)}

(Qi et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Miro^KK102189

(Shaltouki et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Rab8^UASp.YFP

(Yin et al., 2014)

is exacerbated by aux^KK100927

(Song et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by aux^GD7187

(Song et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Lk6^UAS.cUa

(Zhang et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by EndoG^GD5747

(Büttner et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Hsap\TMEM59^UAS.cLa

(Zhang et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by st^UAS.Venus

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by ntc^JF01331

(Merzetti et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by PI31^GD13764

(Merzetti et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Fhos^HMJ21037

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.cWa

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Drp1^UAS.cDb

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Act5C^UASp.R.GFP

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Act5C^G0010

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by α-Spec^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by β-Spec^{ΔPH.Ubi-p63E.Tag:MYC}

(Maor et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by β-Spec^{Ubi-p63E.Tag:MYC}

(Maor et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by β-Spec^em21

(Maor et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Lrrk^Q1003H.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^UAS.cIa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^Y1383C.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^RNAi.UAS.cIa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^e03680

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^G1914S.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^I1915T.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Pu^HMC04085

(Sarkar et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Pu^HMS02399

(Sarkar et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Gel^UAS.cDa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by tsr^S3A.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by tsr^UAS.cNa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Ric^JF02670

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Ric^GL01247

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS01715

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS02460

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by aux^GL00213

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by aux^HMS01935

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^GD11670

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is exacerbated by InR^JF01482

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

is ameliorated by InR^UAS.cUa

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

is exacerbated by PEK^HMJ02063

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

is ameliorated by PEK^UAS.cMa

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

Hsap\SNCA^{QUAS.Tag:FLAG.T2A-GFP}

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by sgg^UAS.cBa

(Bankapalli et al., 2024)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

P{QUAS-hSNCA.WT}

w^*; P{QUAS-hSNCA.WT}3/TM3, Sb¹

Hsap\SNCA^{A53T.UAS.C-Venus}

P{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.VC}

Hsap\SNCA^{A53T.UAS.N-Venus}

P{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.VN}

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.H50Q}

w^*; P{UAS-hSNCA.H50Q}2/CyO

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.G51D}

w^*; P{UAS-hSNCA.G51D}2

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K}

w^*; P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K}2

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.WT.S}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.S}

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K.S}

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.H50Q.S}

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.G51D.S}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cSa

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cJa

PBac{QUAS-hSNCA.A53T}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cPa

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.P}

Hsap\SNCA^dNAC.QUAS

PBac{QUAS-hSNCA.dNAC}

Hsap\SNCA^dVQIVYK.QUAS

PBac{QUAS-hSNCA.dVQIVYK}

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKb

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.Kb}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKb

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.Kb}

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cKb

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.E46K.Kb}

Hsap\SNCA^{QUAS.Tag:FLAG.T2A-GFP}

P{QUAS-hSNCA-FLAG-T2A-GFP}

Hsap\SNCA^A53V.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.A53V}

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cMa

P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K.M}

Hsap\SNCA^{lexAop.Tag:MYC}

P{lexAop-hSNCA.MYC}

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.mKeima

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mKeima}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mKeima}VK00037

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.mCherry

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mCherry}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mCherry}VK00037

Hsap\SNCA^{A30P.UAS.mCherry}

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.mCherry}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.mCherry}VK00037; TM2/TM6B, Tb¹

Hsap\SNCA^{A53T.UAS.mCherry}

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.mCherry}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.mCherry}VK00037

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.F}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.F}5B

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A53T}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A53T}CG7900^15.3

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A30P}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A30P}40.1

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.K}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.A53T}

Hsap\SNCA^A56P.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.A56P}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.A30P}

Hsap\SNCA^TP.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.TP}

Hsap\SNCA^{UAS.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT)}

P{UAS-syn.NLS}

Hsap\SNCA^{UAS.Tag:NES(xMAPKK)}

P{UAS-syn.NES}

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cTa

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.T}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.T}LP2

Hsap\SNCA^S129D.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.S129D}

Hsap\SNCA^S129A.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.S129A}

Hsap\SNCA^Y125F.UAS

P{UAS-alphasyn.Y125F}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-SNCA.J}1/CyO

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.EGFP

P{UAS-SNCA.EGFP}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cUa

P{UAS-SNCA.A30P.U}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cUa

P{UAS-SNCA.A53T.U}

w^*; P{UAS-SNCA.A53T.U}2

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cUa

P{UAS-SNCA.U}

Hsap\SNCA^Δ71-82.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.Delta71-82}

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

park^UAS.cKa

P{UAS-park.K}

w^*; P{fln-mitoAflIII,fln-mitoT4lig,fln-GAL4}attP1/CyO; P{UAS-park.K}attP2

park^{T433N.UAS.Tag:MYC}

P{UAS-park.T433N.Myc}

P{UAS-park.K56R.K77R}

w^*; P{UAS-park.G}L2/CyO

park^{T187A.UAS.Tag:MYC}

P{UAS-park.MYC.T187A}

w^*; P{UAS-park.MYC.T187A}2

park^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:Mito(hCOX4I1)}

P{UAS-park.FLAG.COX-IV}

w^*; P{UAS-park.FLAG.COX-IV}3

park^{LD.UAS.cZa.Tag:FLAG}

P{UAS-park.FLAG.LD}

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5543}v47636

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01200}attP2

park^HMS01651

P{TRiP.HMS01651}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01651}attP40

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01800}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

park^c00062

piggyBac activity

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{PB}park^c00062/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

park¹

P-element activity

w^*; P{EP}park¹/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

park^Δ21

Delta2-3 transposase

w^*; park^Δ21/TM3, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC2, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC10, Sb¹

park²

P-element activity

park²⁵

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

P-element activity

w^*; l(2)*^*/CyO; park²⁵/TM6B, P{Ubi-GFP.S65T}PAD2, Tb⁺

park⁴⁵

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

P-element activity

park^unspecified

park^Z4437

park^Z472

park¹³

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

P-element activity

w^*; park¹³

park^Z3678

ethyl methanesulfonate

park^f01950

References (7)

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