FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Hand

pericardial cell primordium

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

embryonic stage 12 -- 16

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

embryonic stage 13 -- 14

lymph gland primordium

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

embryonic stage 16

(Lovato et al., 2002)

(Lovato et al., 2002)

Additional Descriptive Data

Hand is expressed in visceral mesoderm founder cells in embryos at stage 11.

(Varshney and Palmer, 2006)

Hand is expressed in the developing heart starting at stage 12. Colocalization experiments show that Hand is expressed in all cardioblasts and in all pericardial cells in each hemisegment. Expression is also observed in the lymph glands and garland cells. Hand is detected in the trunk mesoderm and circular visceral muscle progenitors starting at embryonic stage 11. From stage 12-16 Hand expression is observed in circular muscle. At the end of embryogenesis, hand expression in the visceral mesoderm becomes most prominent in myofibers located at the midgut constrictions.

(Kolsch and Paululat, 2002)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Han et al., 2006)

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Sarov et al., 2016)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{4XHand-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Zhu et al., 2017)

adult pericardial cell

(Zhu et al., 2017)

Reporter: P{GMR88D05-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage -- pupal stage

(Hatfield et al., 2015)

embryonic stage 15 -- wandering third instar larval stage

(Hill et al., 2019)

Reporter: P{HandC-YED-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Paululat and Heinisch, 2012)

dorsal vessel wall cell

(Paululat and Heinisch, 2012)

circular trunk visceral muscle primordium

(Paululat and Heinisch, 2012)

Reporter: P{Hand-EGFP.C}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 11

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 11 -- 13

visceral trunk mesoderm

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 12 -- 13

pericardial cell primordium

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 12 -- 14

heart primordium

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 14 -- 17

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 15

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

(Sellin et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 16 -- 17

(Sellin et al., 2006)

Comment: precursor

(Tögel et al., 2008)

larval stage

first instar larval stage

Comment: precursor

(Tögel et al., 2008)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

first instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Das et al., 2008)

second instar larval stage

(Das et al., 2008)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

third instar larval stage

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

pupal stage

(Sellin et al., 2006)

pericardial cell

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Tögel et al., 2008, Sellin et al., 2006)

adult dorsal vessel

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

pericardial cell

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

garland cell

(Sellin et al., 2006)

(Sellin et al., 2006)

Reporter: P{Hand-GAL4.A}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 12 -- 17

embryonic pericardial cell

(Albrecht et al., 2006)

(Albrecht et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 13 -- 14

embryonic dorsal vessel

(Amodio et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 15 -- 16

(Amodio et al., 2012)

larval stage

(Sénatore et al., 2010)

adult pericardial cell

(Hartley et al., 2016, Catterson et al., 2013)

(Lim et al., 2014, Catterson et al., 2013)

enterocyte

(Catterson et al., 2013)

Reporter: P{Hand-GAL4.ΔVM.Switch}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Tricoire et al., 2014, Monnier et al., 2012)

Reporter: P{Hand-GFP.1054-1400}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 16 -- 17

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

second instar larval stage

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

(Popichenko et al., 2007)

Reporter: P{HCH-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

dorsal vessel wall cell

(Neely et al., 2010)

embryonic stage -- larval stage

(Neely et al., 2010)

(Neely et al., 2010)

embryonic stage -- pupal stage

(Melkani et al., 2011)

embryonic stage 13 -- 15

dorsal vessel primordium

(Lam et al., 2010)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

embryonic pericardial cell

(Han et al., 2006)

(Han et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

embryonic stage 15 -- third instar larval stage

(Han et al., 2006)

(Lam et al., 2010)

larval stage

(Sinenko et al., 2011)

prohemocyte

(Mondal et al., 2014)

pupal stage -- adult stage

(Neely et al., 2010)

adult pericardial cell

(Neely et al., 2010)

(Melkani et al., 2011, Lam et al., 2010)

adult dorsal vessel

(Lam et al., 2010)

View Dmel\Hand in JBrowse

(Lim et al., 2011, Neely et al., 2010)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Hand

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Hand

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0032209

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34379/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0032209

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0032209

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0032209

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0032209

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Hand

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Hand

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Exel6026

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2L)Exel7046

(Han et al., 2006, Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 12 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Hand^GD13373

lethal | embryonic stage

Hand^ko

lethal | first instar larval stage

Hand^ko

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B, Scer\GAL4^twi.PG

Hand^UAS.cHa

partially lethal - majority die (with Df(2L)J1)

partially lethal - majority die (with Hand¹⁷³)

Hand^ko

partially lethal - majority die (with Hand^ko)

Hand¹⁷³

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Hand^GD13373

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Hand^GD13373

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Hand^GD13373

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Hand^ko

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Hand^GD13373

abnormal locomotor behavior, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Hand^GD13373

abnormal locomotor rhythm | first instar larval stage

Hand^ko

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9

decreased body size | first instar larval stage

Hand^ko

flightless, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Hand^GD13373

increased cell death

Hand^ko

short lived

Hand¹⁷³

short lived (with Df(2L)J1)

short lived (with Hand¹⁷³)

Hand^ko

short lived (with Hand^ko)

Hand¹⁷³

short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Hand^GD13373

some die during first instar larval stage | recessive

Hand¹⁷³

some die during immature adult stage | recessive, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Hand^GD13373

some die during third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B, Scer\GAL4^twi.PG

Hand^UAS.cHa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Hand^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal anterior ventral multidendritic neuron vdaa, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9

adult dorsal vessel

Hand¹⁷³

adult dorsal vessel (with Df(2L)J1)

Hand¹⁷³

adult midgut

Hand¹⁷³

adult peritrophic membrane

Hand¹⁷³

alary cell

Hand^ko

crop

Hand¹⁷³

dorsal vessel wall cell

Hand^ko

dorsal vessel wall cell, with Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand

Hand^EnR.UAS

dorsal vessel wall cell, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B, Scer\GAL4^twi.PG

Hand^EnR.UAS

Hand^ko

embryonic pericardial cell

Hand¹⁷³

Hand^ko

embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand

Hand^EnR.UAS

embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B, Scer\GAL4^twi.PG

Hand^EnR.UAS

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9