FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Chrac-14
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Chrac-14
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Chromatin accessibility complex 14kD protein
Annotation Symbol
CG13399
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0043002
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Chromatin accessibility complex 14kD protein (Chrac-14) encodes a subunit of the chromatin accessibility complex, which is an evolutionary conserved nucleosome sliding enzyme. It is also important for DNA damage response. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

CHRAC14, mary, PolE3, CHRAC

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
29C4-29C4
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-32
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:8437405..8437996
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chromatin DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002253209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009072
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to gamma radiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mathew et al., 2014)
involved_in CENP-A containing chromatin assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mathew et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:HipHop; FB:FBgn0036815
(Mathew et al., 2014)
involved_in chromatin remodeling
inferred from direct assay
(Suganuma et al., 2008, Corona et al., 2000)
involved_in DNA damage response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mathew et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA damage response
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002253209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in DNA-templated DNA replication
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q04603
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in heterochromatin formation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002253209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in leading strand elongation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002253209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ATAC complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Ada2a; FB:FBgn0263738
(Suganuma et al., 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Suganuma et al., 2012)
part_of CHRAC
inferred from direct assay
(Eberharter et al., 2001, Corona et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of CHRAC
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002253209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of epsilon DNA polymerase complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002253209
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q04603
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Chromatin accessibility complex 14kD protein (Chrac-14) encodes a subunit of the chromatin accessibility complex, which is an evolutionary conserved nucleosome sliding enzyme. It is also important for DNA damage response. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ATAC COMPLEX -
The Ada2a-containing (ATAC) complex is a metazoan histone acetyltransferase complex. It positively regulates gene transcription and, although it does not have any intrinsic remodeling activity, facilitates nucleosome sliding of ISWI and SWI-SNF families of chromatin-remodeling complexes. (Adapted from FBrf0204126).
CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY COMPLEX -
CHRAC is an ISWI-containing chromatin remodeling complex that optimizes nucleosome spacing to promote chromatin assembly and the repression of transcription. (Adapted from FBrf0228920).
DNA POLYMERASE EPSILON -
DNA polymerase epsilon functions as a leading strand polymerase during nuclear DNA synthesis. It is a heterotetramer in which DNApol-ε255 encodes the catalytic subunit with polymerase and 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. (Adapted from PMID:30005324.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Accessory component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex (By similarity). Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication (By similarity). Histone-like protein which promotes nucleosome sliding of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes (PubMed:10856248, PubMed:11447119, PubMed:18327268). Part of the chromatin-accessibility complex (CHRAC) which uses energy/ATP to increase the general accessibility of DNA in chromatin (PubMed:10856248, PubMed:11447119). As a heterodimer with Chrac-16, binds DNA and facilitates nucleosome sliding by Acf (PubMed:16260604). Has a role in DNA damage response by preventing cid mislocalization to chromatin (PubMed:24703848).
(UniProt, Q9V444)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Chrac-14 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V444)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

May be component of a dicistronic gene; available data inconclusive (possible low frequency, stage-specific dicistronic transcript).

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Chrac-14-RB
FBtr0100268
NM_057298
592
128
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Chrac-14-PB
FBpp0099657
13.8
128
5.81
Q9V444
NP_476646
AAO41168
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer (PubMed:18327268). Component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex consisting of four subunits: the catalytic subunit PolE1/DNApol-epsilon255 and the accessory subunits PolE2/DNApol-epsilon58, Chrac-14/DNApolE3 and PolE4 (By similarity). Component of the chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC), composed of Chrac-14, Chrac-16, Acf and Iswi (PubMed:10856248, PubMed:11447119). Forms an heterodimer with Chrac-16 (PubMed:10856248, PubMed:16260604). The Chrac-14/Chrac-16 heterodimer interacts with Acf (via N-terminus) (PubMed:16260604). Interacts directly with Iswi and this interaction is further stabilized by association with Chrac-16 (PubMed:10856248). Component of the Ada2a-containing (ATAC) complex composed of at least Ada2a, Atac1, Hcf, Ada3, Gcn5, Mocs2B, Charac-14, Atac3, Atac2, NC2beta and wds (PubMed:18327268). Interacts with cid (PubMed:24703848).

(UniProt, Q9V444)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Chrac-14 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.47

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ATAC complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Ada2a; FB:FBgn0263738
(Suganuma et al., 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Suganuma et al., 2012)
part_of CHRAC
inferred from direct assay
(Eberharter et al., 2001, Corona et al., 2000)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Chrac-14 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Chrac-14
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Chrac-14
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel8021
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\POLE3
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\DR1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NFYB
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\LOC100362333
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pole3
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\RGD1560349
6 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Dr1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nfyb
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Pole3
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Dr1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nfyb
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\pole3
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\dr1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nfyb
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
Drer\pole3
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\dr1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nfyba
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nfybb
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\T26A5.8
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\dro-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\nfyb-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005051
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012825
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000441
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008027
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008344
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010322
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (13)
Atha\NF-YB11
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\NF-YB4
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB5
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\LEC1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB8
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB10
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB12
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NF-YB13
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\DPB4
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\HAP3
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\NCB2
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\dpb4
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\php3
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPBC30D10.02
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Chrac-14. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
NC2β
1 of 13
Nf-YB
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Chrac-14RNAi.UAS.cUa
    ameliorates  mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 15
    modeled by TFAMNIG.4217R, TFAMc01716
    (Duncan et al., 2018)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    POLE3; DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit
    12 of 14
    607267
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Chrac-14 - Acf
        ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, autoradiography, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Hartlepp et al., 2005, Eberharter et al., 2001, Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
        Chrac-14 - Ada2a
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, molecular sieving, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Suganuma et al., 2012, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Ada3
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Atac1
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Atac2
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, molecular sieving
        (Suganuma et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Chrac-16
        pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, western blot, x-ray crystallography, experimental knowledge based, two hybrid array, peptide massfingerprinting, two hybrid
        (Shokri et al., 2019, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Hartlepp et al., 2005, Eberharter et al., 2001, Corona et al., 2000, Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
        Chrac-14 - D12
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Gcn5
        experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Hcf
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - Irbp18
        two hybrid array
        (Shokri et al., 2019)
        Chrac-14 - Iswi
        ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
        (Doyen et al., 2015, Eberharter et al., 2001, Corona et al., 2000, Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
        Chrac-14 - Jra
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Suganuma et al., 2010)
        Chrac-14 - MBD-R2
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Chrac-14 - Mocs2B
        experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Suganuma et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - NC2β
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Chrac-14 - PolE4
        two hybrid array
        (Shokri et al., 2019)
        Chrac-14 - ReepA
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Chrac-14 - Sgf29
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Chrac-14 - Top2
        anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Corona et al., 2000)
        Chrac-14 - Ubx
        bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
        (Bischof et al., 2018)
        Chrac-14 - abd-A
        bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
        (Bischof et al., 2018)
        Chrac-14 - cid
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down
        (Mathew et al., 2014)
        Chrac-14 - msn
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Suganuma et al., 2010)
        Chrac-14 - toy
        two hybrid array
        (Shokri et al., 2019)
        Chrac-14 - wds
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Suganuma et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2008)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Homodimer (PubMed:18327268). Component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex consisting of four subunits: the catalytic subunit PolE1/DNApol-epsilon255 and the accessory subunits PolE2/DNApol-epsilon58, Chrac-14/DNApolE3 and PolE4 (By similarity). Component of the chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC), composed of Chrac-14, Chrac-16, Acf and Iswi (PubMed:10856248, PubMed:11447119). Forms an heterodimer with Chrac-16 (PubMed:10856248, PubMed:16260604). The Chrac-14/Chrac-16 heterodimer interacts with Acf (via N-terminus) (PubMed:16260604). Interacts directly with Iswi and this interaction is further stabilized by association with Chrac-16 (PubMed:10856248). Component of the Ada2a-containing (ATAC) complex composed of at least Ada2a, Atac1, Hcf, Ada3, Gcn5, Mocs2B, Charac-14, Atac3, Atac2, NC2beta and wds (PubMed:18327268). Interacts with cid (PubMed:24703848).
        (UniProt, Q9V444 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2L
        Recombination map
        2-32
        Cytogenetic map
        29C4-29C4
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        29C4-29C4
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k03706k03706&P{lacW}Acerk07704 and P{PZ}lmg03424;
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        29A-29A
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Louis et al., 1997)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-32

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-27.9

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (10)
        Genomic Clones (14)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (73)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Suganuma et al., 2008, Corona et al., 2000)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Chrac-14 mutants are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents.

            (Mathew et al., 2014)

            Chrac-14 modulates chromatin composition in response to DNA damage.

            (Mathew et al., 2014)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: mary CG13399

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Additional comments

            Dicistronic annotation CG32956 split out into separate annotations for each open reading frame, CG13399 and CG10890, in release 4.2 of the genome annotation. CG13399 corresponds to Chrac-14 and CG10890 corresponds to mus201.

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

            Source for merge of mary CG13399 was sequence comparison ( date:000725 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            13399
            (Ravi et al., 2009)
            18K protein
            (Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
            55A11T
            (Louis et al., 1997)
            CG13399
            (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Weber et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Haussmann et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008)
            CG32956
            (Burgler and Macdonald, 2005, Giot et al., 2003)
            CHRAC
            (Bonaldi et al., 2002, Ridgway and Almouzni, 2001)
            CHRAC-14
            (Eberharter et al., 2001, Corona et al., 2000)
            CHRAC14
            (Mathew et al., 2014, Suganuma et al., 2012, Furrer et al., 2010, Nagy et al., 2010, Suganuma et al., 2010, Clapier and Cairns, 2009, Suganuma et al., 2008, Bouazoune and Brehm, 2006, Hartlepp et al., 2005, Corona and Tamkun, 2004, Eberharter and Becker, 2004, Langst and Becker, 2001)
            Chrac-14
            (Zhang et al., 2023, Torres-Zelada and Weake, 2021, Williams et al., 2020, Shokri et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Duncan et al., 2018, Kavi et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Barclay et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
            Chrac14
            (Bischof et al., 2018, Doyen et al., 2015, Barclay et al., 2014, Spedale et al., 2012)
            ESTS:55A11T
            PolE3
            (Yamaguchi and Cotterill, 2023, Marygold et al., 2020)
            chrac-14
            (Vicars et al., 2021, Barclay et al., 2014)
            dChrac14
            (Spedale et al., 2012)
            mary
            (Corona, 2000.1.25)
            Name Synonyms
            Chrac-14
            Chromatin accessibility complex 14kD protein
            DNA polymerase epsilon subunit 3
            (Marygold et al., 2020)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0015712
            • FBgn0032043
            • FBgn0040090
            • FBgn0052956
            • FBtr0079668
            • FBpp0079283
            • FBtr0079669
            • FBpp0079284
            • FBtr0079670
            • FBpp0079285
            • FBtr0079671
            • FBpp0079286
            • FBtr0079672
            • FBpp0079287
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            References (72)