FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\peo

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\peo

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

pendolino

Annotation Symbol

CG46338

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0288856

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

11 publicly available

Gene Summary

Required for efficient DNA replication, probably through involvement in telomere replication (PubMed:26110638). May have a role in telomere capping of heterochromatic chromosome ends (PubMed:26110638). (UniProt, Q7K4V4)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

cbx

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

46B4-46C1

Sequence location

2R:9,864,510..9,875,072 [-]

Recombination map

2-61

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:9864510..9875072

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

NCBI

UCSC

Ensembl

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (3 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

NOT enables ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity

inferred from key residues

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in defense response to bacterium

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ayres et al., 2008)

involved_in sperm individualization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Fabrizio et al., 1998)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UBIQUITIN E2 ENZYME VARIANTS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. FTS subfamily. (Q7K4V4)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UBIQUITIN E2 ENZYME VARIANTS -: Ubiquitin E2 Enzyme Variants (UEVs) contain ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC)-like domains that lack the catalytic cysteine which forms a covalent intermediate with ubiquitin. UEVs can act as ubiquitin binding modules, and may regulate ubiquitination or recruit ubiquitinated proteins. (Adapted from FBrf0222885)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q7K4V4)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\peo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q7K4V4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 6.17

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

peo-RA

FBtr0472692

NM_165716

1036

214

peo-RB

FBtr0472693

NM_080149

908

244

peo-RC

FBtr0472694

NM_001273908

766

183

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

peo-PA

FBpp0422655

24.6

214

5.14

AAG22290

peo-PB

FBpp0422656

28.1

244

5.19

Q7K4V4

AAF58884

peo-PC

FBpp0422657

21.0

183

5.27

A0A0B4KF51

AGB93370

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via N-terminus) with cav/HOAP (via N-terminus); the interaction is direct (PubMed:26110638). Probably interacts (via N-terminus and UBC domain) with ver and moi (PubMed:26110638).

(UniProt, Q7K4V4)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q7K4V4

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\peo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.52

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\peo in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\peo

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\peo

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

47272/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0288856

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0288856

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG46338

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of peo

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of peo

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 7 )

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(2R)Lime-exD

(Mihajlovic et al., 2019)

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)221

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Df(2R)520

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Df(2R)B5

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Df(2R)BSC298

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Df(2R)X3

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2R)X1

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

peo^p112

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Df(2R)221)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Df(2R)520)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with peo¹)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with peo¹⁵²⁷)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with peo²⁷²³)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with peo^h)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with peo^p112)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Df(2R)221)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with Df(2R)520)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with peo²⁷²³)

peo^p112

lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with peo^p112)

peo²⁷²³

viable

peo^c00428

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

peo^GD7008

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

peo^GD7008

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

peo^GD7008

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

peo^GD7008

Sterility

Allele

fertile

peo^c00428

sterile

peo^h

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with Df(2R)221)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with Df(2R)520)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with Df(2R)BSC298)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with peo¹)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with peo¹⁵²⁷)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with peo²⁷²³)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with peo^h)

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage (with peo^p112)

some die during larval stage

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

chromosome | larval stage

chromosome | larval stage (with Df(2R)221)

peo¹

chromosome | larval stage (with Df(2R)520)

peo¹

chromosome | larval stage (with Df(2R)BSC298)

chromosome | larval stage (with peo¹)

chromosome | larval stage (with peo¹⁵²⁷)

peo¹

chromosome | larval stage (with peo²⁷²³)

peo¹

chromosome | larval stage (with peo^h)

peo¹

chromosome | larval stage (with peo^p112)

peo¹

larval neuroblast

larval neuroblast (with Df(2R)221)

peo¹

larval neuroblast (with Df(2R)520)

peo¹

larval neuroblast (with Df(2R)BSC298)

larval neuroblast (with peo¹)

larval neuroblast (with peo¹⁵²⁷)

peo¹

larval neuroblast (with peo²⁷²³)

peo¹

larval neuroblast (with peo^h)

peo¹

larval neuroblast (with peo^p112)

peo¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (13)

Hsap\AKTIP

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)

Rnor\Aktip

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)

Mmus\Aktip

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)

Xtro\aktip

10 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (13)

Drer\aktip

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)

Cele\ubc-19

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)

Agam\AKTIP_ANOGA

11 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (22)

Atha\FUS9

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\RCE1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC4

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC5

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC6

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC7

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC8

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC9

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC10

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC11

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC14

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC27

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC28

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC29

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC30

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC34

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC35

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\UBC36

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\RAD6

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\UBC4

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\UBC5

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\UBC8

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\UBC13

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)

Spom\rhp6

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\ubc4

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\ubc8

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\ubc11

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\ubc12

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:peo. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)

CG16894

10 of 13

Ubc6

3 of 13

Ubc7

3 of 13

ben

2 of 13

CG7656

2 of 13

CG40045

2 of 13

lwr

2 of 13

Ubc87F

2 of 13

UbcE2H

2 of 13

vih

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

eff

1 of 13

Kua

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

AKTIP; AKT interacting protein

12 of 14

608483

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

peo - Rab5

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gillingham et al., 2014)

peo - cav

pull down, western blot, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Cenci et al., 2015)

peo - hook

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

peo - moi

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Cenci et al., 2015)

peo - ver

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via N-terminus) with cav/HOAP (via N-terminus); the interaction is direct (PubMed:26110638). Probably interacts (via N-terminus and UBC domain) with ver and moi (PubMed:26110638).

(UniProt, Q7K4V4 )

Linkouts

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2017)

protein_coding_gene

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2017)

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-61

Cytogenetic map

46B4-46C1

Sequence location

2R:9,864,510..9,875,072 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

46B4-46C1

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

46C-46C

(Cenci et al., 1998)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-61

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-60.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (11)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

85481

w¹¹¹⁸; P{XP}peo^d07017

10067

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{PB}peo^c00428

85701

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}peo^f05492

62681

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{IT.GAL4}peo^0170-G4

63767

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{IT.GAL4}peo^0741-G4

63843

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{IT.GAL4}peo^0836-G4

11768

cn¹ P{PZ}peo⁰⁵⁷⁰⁴ ms(2)05704⁰⁵⁷⁰⁴/CyO; ry⁵⁰⁶ e¹

FlyORF

F001614

M{UAS-peo.ORF}ZH-86Fb

NIG-Fly

2RG-0330

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-peo.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v101755

P{KK109433}VIE-260B

v16078

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD7008}v16078

Genomic Clones (23)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (14)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

LD08052

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R[+] cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: peo CG46338

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Additional comments

The locus represented by the ms(2)05704 allele was named 'cbx, crossbronx', based on the male sterile phenotype of this insertion allele and it was originally identified as an allele of the CG10536 annotation based on the location of the insertion within this gene. However, FBrf0228809 shows that the male sterile phenotype is not associated with the insertion in the CG10536 annotation. Thus, a separate gene and allele have been created in FlyBase (in the FB_2017_04 release) to represent the male sterility. This gene has the valid symbol 'ms(2)05704'. The CG10536 annotation has been given a new identifying number, CG46338, to avoid confusion.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2017)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "pendolino", the name of an Italian train, after the mutant phenotype is characterised by multicentric linear chromosomes that resemble little "trains" of chromosomes.

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG10536

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Cenci et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Deloger et al., 2009, Ayres et al., 2008)

CG46338

(Gao et al., 2022)

Ft1

(Spradling et al., 1999)

cbx

(Merenciano and González, 2023, Ullastres et al., 2021, Du et al., 2011, Michelle et al., 2009, Ayres et al., 2008)

pen

(Cenci et al., 1997)

peo

(Huang et al., 2023, Porrazzo et al., 2022, Cenci et al., 2015)

Name Synonyms

Pendolino

(Cenci et al., 2015)

pendolino

(Cenci et al., 2015)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0020260
FBgn0285962
FBgn0011241
FBgn0033456

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

47272

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q7K4V4

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q7K4V4

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q7K4V4

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

47272/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0288856

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0288856

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG46338

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

47272

Linkouts

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0288856

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG46338

References (35)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

1.52

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