FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Hex-A

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Hex-A

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Hexokinase A

Annotation Symbol

CG3001

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0001186

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

9 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

hexokinase (2.7.1.1)

glucokinase (2.7.1.2)

fructokinase (2.7.1.4)

mannokinase (2.7.1.7)

glucosamine kinase (2.7.1.8)

Gene Summary

Hexokinase A (Hex-A) encodes an enzyme involved in hexose metabolism that catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose to D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate, respectively. It mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate. [Date last reviewed: 2024-09-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

HexA, HEX, hexokinase, HK, HK-A

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

8E10-8E10

Sequence location

X:9,585,675..9,589,813 [+]

Recombination map

1-28

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:9585675..9589813

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables fructokinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Moser et al., 1980)

enables glucokinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Moser et al., 1980)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Eanes et al., 2006)

enables glucosamine kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Moser et al., 1980)

enables hexokinase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Talbert et al., 2015)

enables mannokinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Moser et al., 1980)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312, InterPro:IPR022673

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312, InterPro:IPR019807, InterPro:IPR022672, InterPro:IPR022673

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables D-glucose binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables fructokinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004516717

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables glucokinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004516717

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables hexokinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR022673

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR022672, InterPro:IPR022673

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in canonical glycolysis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Eanes et al., 2006)

involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process

inferred from direct assay

(Moser et al., 1980)

involved_in glucose catabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mascolo et al., 2021)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312, InterPro:IPR022673

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312, InterPro:IPR022672, InterPro:IPR022673

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose

inferred by curator

(FlyBase Curators, 2016-)

involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000455350

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in glucose metabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004516717

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in glycolytic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000455350

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019807

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000455350

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001312

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytosol

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000455350

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in cytosol

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P04807

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

located_in mitochondrial outer membrane

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P52789

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

is_active_in mitochondrion

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000455350

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CARBOHYDRATE KINASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

GLYCOLYSIS

GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM MANNOSE

GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM GLUCOSE

UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

hexokinase activity

a D-hexose + ATP = a D-hexose 6-phosphate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.1)

RHEA 22740: mannokinase activity

D-mannose + ATP = D-mannose 6-phosphate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.7)

RHEA 11028: fructokinase activity

D-fructose + ATP = D-fructose 6-phosphate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.4)

RHEA 16125: glucokinase activity

D-glucose + ATP = D-glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.2)

RHEA 17825: glucosamine kinase activity

D-glucosamine + ATP = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.8)

RHEA 10948:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CARBOHYDRATE KINASES -: Carbohydrate kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.

Pathway (FlyBase)

GLYCOLYSIS -: Glycolysis converts glucose into ATP and pyruvate in the cytosol. The overall reaction is glucose + 2 ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH 2H+ + 2 H2O and involves 10 enzymatic steps. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion where, after oxidation into acetyl-CoA, it enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to lactate in the cytosol. Although glucose, trehalose and glycogen are the main entry points for glycolysis in D. melanogaster, fructose, galactose, mannose and glycerol can also enter the glycolytic pathway to be converted into pyruvate. (Adapted from PMID:33941515 and FBrf0144936.)
GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM MANNOSE -: The nucleotide-sugar GDP-D-mannose can be synthesized in the cytosol from D-mannose (though it is primarily produced from D-glucose). GDP-D-mannose is a precursor for GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis and dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate and it is directly involved in protein glycosylation. (Adapted from PMID:24931670.)
GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM GLUCOSE -: The nucleotide-sugar GDP-D-mannose is primarily synthesized in the cytosol from D-glucose (though it can also be produced from D-mannose). GDP-D-mannose is a precursor for GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis and dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate and it is directly involved in protein glycosylation. (Adapted from PMID:24931670.)
UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS -: The synthesis of the nucleotide-sugar UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) can occur via de novo or salvage pathways in the cytosol. In the de novo pathway, which is the main one, D-glucose, L-glutamine, acetyl-CoA and UTP are used to produce UDP-GlcNAc. In the salvage pathway glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine acquired from environmental sources or from the degradation of glycoconjugates can be used to produce UDP-GlcNAc. UDP-GlcNAc is a precursor for protein glycosylation and the biosynthesis of chitin, peptidoglycans and GPI-anchors. (Adapted from PMID:37107691.)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Hex-A: Hexokinase A

The structural gene for hexokinases A, B1, and B2 (EC 2.7.1.1). The enzyme is monomeric and of molecular weight 47,000 _ 3000 for HEX-A and 48,000 _ 3000 for HEX-B1 and HEX-B2. The three forms of the enzyme are immunologically identical but exhibit pI values of 5.1, 5.3, and 5.5 respectively upon isoelectric focusing, and these values covary in allelic variants. All three forms are found in the adult, but HEX-A is absent from larval preparations; HEX-A mainly localized in adult flight muscle. Three forms modified products of same structural gene. For purification and biochemical characteration see Moser et al.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Hex-A for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W330)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Hex-A-RA

FBtr0071361

NM_080109

2512

541

Hex-A-RB

FBtr0071362

NM_167194

2512

448

Hex-A-RC

FBtr0333335

NM_001272455

4139

448

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Hex-A-PA

FBpp0071296

59.2

541

5.87

FBpp0071297

49.9

448

5.60

FBpp0305527

49.9

448

5.60

Q9GNH8

NP_001259384

AGB95227

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

448 aa isoforms: Hex-A-PB, Hex-A-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Hex-A using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.43

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

dorsal epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

salivary gland body primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

tracheal primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic epipharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic foregut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hypopharynx

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval somatic muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GawB}NP6120

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

wing pouch | variable

(Slaninova et al., 2016)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Hex-A in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Hex-A

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Hex-A

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001186

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

45875/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001186

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001186

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001186

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG3001

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001186

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Hex-A

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Hex-A

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Hex-A

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 19 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Hex-A^RNAi.UAS.cUa

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Hex-A^GD9964

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Hex-A^GD9964

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Hex-A^GD9964

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Hex-A^GD9964

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Hex-A^GL00023

abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

Hex-A^KK100831

decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

Hex-A^GL00023

electrophoretic variant

some die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^phtm.PO

Hex-A^RNAi.UAS.cUa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

presynaptic active zone, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Hex-A^GL00023

wing, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

Hex-A^GL00023

wing disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

Hex-A^KK100831

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (5)

Hsap\GCK

11 of 14

Yes

10 of 14

9 of 14

9 of 14

9 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)

Rnor\Gck

10 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Hk1

9 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Hk2

9 of 14

Rnor\Hk3

9 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Hkdc1

7 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)

Mmus\Gck

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Hk1

10 of 14

Mmus\Hk3

9 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Hkdc1

9 of 14

Mmus\Hk2

8 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)

Xtro\hk1

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gck

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\hk2

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\hkdc1

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\drd2

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100493823

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100492955

4 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC105946413

1 of 13

Xtro\smpd3

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)

Drer\gck

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\hk1

10 of 14

Drer\hkdc1

9 of 14

Drer\hk2

8 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\hxk-1

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\hxk-2

8 of 14

Yes

Cele\hxk-3

5 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011208

7 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (7)

Atha\HXK1

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\HXK2

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\HXK3

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\HKL3

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\ATHXK4

10 of 13

Yes

Atha\HKL1

10 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G47845

4 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\HXK1

13 of 13

Yes

Scer\HXK2

13 of 13

Yes

Scer\EMI2

8 of 13

Yes

Scer\GLK1

8 of 13

Yes

Scer\YLR446W

3 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\hxk1

12 of 12

Yes

Spom\hxk2

7 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Hex-A. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)

Hex-C

12 of 13

Hex-T

12 of 13

Hexl

10 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

glucose metabolism disease, GCK-related

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Hex-A^GD9964

model of glucose metabolism disease

CEA

(Mascolo et al., 2021)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

GCK; glucokinase

model of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 3

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of type 2 diabetes mellitus

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

11 of 14

10 of 14

9 of 14

9 of 14

HKDC1; hexokinase domain containing 1

9 of 14

617221

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 92; RP92

retinitis pigmentosa 92

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Hex-A - aub

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Rojas-Ríos et al., 2024)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Hex-A - Drat

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

brm

suppressible

Hex-A

(Tegeder et al., 2019)

Myc

suppressible

Hex-A

(Li et al., 2020)

suppressible

Hex-A

(Slaninova et al., 2016)

ND-20L|ND-20

suppressible

Hex-A|Hex-C

(Mallik et al., 2025)

ND-20L|ND-20

suppressible

Hex-A

(Mallik et al., 2025)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2020)

enhanceable

(Hudson et al., 2023)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

69947

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001186

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

45875

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

GLYCOLYSIS
GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM MANNOSE
GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM GLUCOSE
UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-28

Cytogenetic map

8E10-8E10

Sequence location

X:9,585,675..9,589,813 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

8E10-8E10

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP912^EP912 and P{EP}nej^EP1149&P{EP}nej^EP1179

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

8D-8D

(Duvernell, 2000.4.19)

8D4-8E1

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-28

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-30.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-29.3

(Clark et al., 1995)

1-29.2

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (9)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

35155

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00023}attP2

82572

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS03352}attP40

82788

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01656}attP40/CyO

Kyoto

101163

Pgd^B Fum1^F Hex-A² Gpt² G6pd^B

3001R-2

3001R-3

v104680

v21054

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9964}v21054

v318587

PBac{fTRG00529.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00033

Genomic Clones (18)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (90)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD09907

Other clones

DPiM_LD09907

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0001186

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001186

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Jayakumar et al., 2007)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

The effects of a high sucrose diet on live weight, total protein, stored lipid and glycogen and crude activities of 12 enzymes involved in energy metabolism are quantified. The activities of many enzymes are reduced by the sucrose treatment.

(Wang and Clark, 1995)

The structural gene for hexokinases A, B1 and B2. The enzyme is monomeric and of molecular weight 47,000 +/- 3000 for HEX-A and 48,000 +/- 3000 for HEX-B1 and HEX-B2. The three forms of the enzyme are immunologically identical but exhibit pI values of 5.1, 5.3 and 5.5 respectively upon isoelectric focusing, and these values covary in allelic variants. All three forms are found in the adult, but HEX-A is absent from larval preparations; HEX-A mainly localized in adult flight muscle. Three forms modified products of same structural gene. For purification and biochemical characterisation see Moser et al.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Hex-A CG3001

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of Hex-A CG3001 was sequence comparison ( date:001020 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG3001

(Huynh et al., 2019, Yamaguchi and Takashima, 2018, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Bourbon et al., 2002, Kang et al., 2002, Coulier et al., 2000)

DM1

(Jayakumar et al., 2001)

HEX

(Harshman et al., 1999, Clark and Fucito, 1998, Clark and Wang, 1997, Wang and Clark, 1995, Clark, 1994, Clark and Wang, 1994, Clark, 1990, Clark et al., 1990)

HEX-A

(Yi et al., 2025, Flowers et al., 2007)

(Léger et al., 2024, Montooth et al., 2003, Burnell et al., 1991)

HK-A

(de la Cova et al., 2014, Parisi et al., 2013)

Hex

(Kasinskaya et al., 1992, Marinkovic et al., 1992)

Hex-A

(Zaru and Marygold, 2025, Bamgbose and Tulin, 2024, Kubrak et al., 2024, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Pang et al., 2023, Hunt and Demontis, 2022, Zhu et al., 2022, Akhtar et al., 2021, Liguori et al., 2021, Mascolo et al., 2021, Uçkun et al., 2021, Yamaguchi et al., 2021, Carvalho-Santos et al., 2020, Kitani-Morii and Noto, 2020, Li et al., 2020, Parkhitko et al., 2020, Perez-Gomez et al., 2020, Solana-Manrique et al., 2020, Hudry et al., 2019, Huichalaf et al., 2019, Kim et al., 2019, Wong et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Yamaguchi and Takashima, 2018, Bussmann and Storkebaum, 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Sarov et al., 2016, Cogni et al., 2015, Dus et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2015, Talbert et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2014, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Lavington et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, van der Harst et al., 2012, Wilczynski et al., 2012, Eanes, 2011, Seugnet et al., 2009, Jayakumar et al., 2007, Eanes et al., 2006, Duvernell and Eanes, 2000)

Hex-A,B

Hex-A:B

HexA

(Gera et al., 2024, Hudson et al., 2023, Nozawa et al., 2023, Francis et al., 2019, Huynh et al., 2019, Park et al., 2018, Kopp et al., 2015, Nirala et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2010, Tohyama and Yamaguchi, 2010)

hexA

(Chang et al., 2024)

hexokinase

(Horiguchi et al., 2014)

Name Synonyms

Hexokinase

(Kang et al., 2002, Arking et al., 2000, Arking et al., 2000)

Hexokinase A

(Kim et al., 2010)

hexokinase

(Léger et al., 2024, Jayakumar et al., 2007, Montooth et al., 2003, Berrigan and Hoang, 1999)

hexokinase A

(Musselman et al., 2011, Li and White, 2003)

hexokinase-A

(Talbert et al., 2015)

muscle-specific hexokinase

(Eanes et al., 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0030140

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 121 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

45875

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W330

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W330

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001186

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

45875/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001186

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001186

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0001186

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG3001

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

45875

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

69947

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0001186

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001186

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001186

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001186

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0001186

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG3001

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001186

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0001186

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

45875

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

References (148)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.43

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