FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\tko

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\tko

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

technical knockout

Annotation Symbol

CG7925

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003714

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

12 publicly available

Gene Summary

technical knockout (tko) encodes the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12. It is involved in the response to hypoxia and mechanosensory and courtship behaviors. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

EG:BACH59J11.1 , mitoribosomal protein S12, mRpS12, l(1)tko

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

3A3-3A3

Sequence location

X:2,442,313..2,443,976 [-]

Recombination map

1-1

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:2442313..2443976

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables structural constituent of ribosome

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000182999

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005679, InterPro:IPR006032

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q29RU1

(Suzuki et al., 2001)

traceable author statement

(Marygold et al., 2007)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in male courtship behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toivonen et al., 2001)

involved_in mechanosensory behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toivonen et al., 2001, Engel and Wu, 1994)

involved_in response to hypoxia

inferred from direct assay

(Whelan et al., 2010)

involved_in response to mechanical stimulus

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Engel and Wu, 1994)

involved_in sensory perception of sound

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Toivonen et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in courtship behavior

traceable author statement

(Emmons and Lipton, 2003)

involved_in mitochondrial translation

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q29RU1

(Suzuki et al., 2001)

traceable author statement

(Marygold et al., 2007)

involved_in translation

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005679, InterPro:IPR006032

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000182999

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O15235

(Koc et al., 2001)

traceable author statement

(Marygold et al., 2007)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q29RU1

(Suzuki et al., 2001)

is_active_in ribosome

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000182999

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in ribosome

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006032

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

part_of small ribosomal subunit

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005679

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MITOCHONDRIAL SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family. (P10735)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

technical knockout (tko) encodes the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12. It is involved in the response to hypoxia and mechanosensory and courtship behaviors. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MITOCHONDRIAL SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT -: Mitochondrial ribosomes are found in the mitochondrial matrix and translate genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Ribosomes are formed by two ribonucleoprotein subunits, large and small. The principle function of the small subunit is to bind mRNA. (Adapted from FBrf0205398).

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

tko: technical knockout (J.C. Hall)

Most tko alleles are lethal in all genetic combinations. In homo- and hemizygotes of the viable allele tko25t, however, mechanically shocked adults fall over and are briefly immobilized; after recovery, there is a refractory period during which sensitivity to further such shocks is reduced. tko25t is considered a semi-lethal by Judd, 1972, who finds that survivors exhibit a fine bristle phenotype. This allele is also a heat-sensitive paralytic (Burg and Wu, 1987). Its aberrent behavior is suppressed by napts when the latter is kept at its permissive temperature (Ganetzky and Wu, 1982). When heterozygous with deficiencies for the locus, most tko alleles are lethal.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\tko for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P10735)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

RNA-seq evidence may support possibility of neuronal-specific extended 3' UTR.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

tko-RB

FBtr0070459

NM_080311

663

140

tko-RC

FBtr0308831

NM_001258561

1596

154

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

0.68 (northern blot)

(Royden et al., 1987)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

tko-PB

FBpp0070443

15.5

140

11.33

FBpp0300988

17.1

154

10.85

D3DMP8

NP_001245490

AFH07204

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

140 (aa)

(Royden et al., 1987)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tko using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

tko_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.25

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anal pad primordium

Comment: reported as anal pad specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

cephalic vascular primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

esophageal visceral muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk visceral muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

cephalic vascular rudiment

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic anal pad

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic foregut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval visceral muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval esophageal visceral muscle

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

The 0.68 kb tko transcript is expressed throughout development.

(Royden et al., 1987)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\tko in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\tko

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\tko

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003714

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

31228/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003714

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003714

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003714

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7925

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003714

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tko

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tko

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 60 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 60 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)62g18

(Marygold et al., 2007, Mariani et al., 1985, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64c18

(Marygold et al., 2007)

Df(1)65j26

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)304

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)Exel6230

(Marygold et al., 2007, Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(1)Exel6231

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(1)HC194

(Marygold et al., 2007)

Df(1)JC19

(Marygold et al., 2007)

Df(1)L126

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)NKx1

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)Sp2F-3A

(Marygold et al., 2007, Schalet, 1986)

Df(1)TEM1

(Kramers et al., 1991, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM6

(Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM75

(Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM304

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM501

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)w-194A

(Marygold et al., 2007)

Df(1)w258-11

(Marygold et al., 2007)

Df(1)w-rJ1

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Goldberg et al., 1989, Mariani et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)X12

(Marygold et al., 2007, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)z-deb3

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Df(1)z-EM41

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM42

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM43

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM44

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM45

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)z-EM46

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;1)weeb¹

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

Dp(1;1)weeb²

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

Dp(1;1)weeb³

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Judd et al., 1972)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(1)7

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)62d18

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64c4

(Goldberg et al., 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64f1

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64j4

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)202

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

Df(1)HM3

(Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)HM406

(Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)K95

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)N-8

(Kramers et al., 1991, Lin and Wolfner, 1989)

Df(1)N-54l9

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)N-264-105

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)Pgd-kz

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)TEM7

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

Df(1)TEM202

(Kramers et al., 1991, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)

Df(1)w55j

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989)

Df(1)w67k30

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)w258-11

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-42

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-45

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-48

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)w-N71a

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w-rJ2

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;3)w⁺67k

(Judd et al., 1972)

Gene not duplicated in

Dp(1;2)51b

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Dp(1;2)w⁺70h

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;3)N^264-58

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;3)w^m49a

(Judd et al., 1972)

Dp(1;3)w^vco

(Schalet, 1986)

Dp(1;4)w^m65g

(Judd et al., 1972)

Inferred from location ( 15 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

cell lethal | germline clone

tko¹

lethal

lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

tko^GD12320

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

tko^UAS.cTa

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, tko^25t

tko^UAS.cTa

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, tko^UAS.cTa

tko^25t

lethal | cold sensitive

tko^25t

lethal | female | recessive

tko^25t

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

partially lethal - majority die, with tko³/tko^25t

tko^25t.tTa

partially lethal - majority die (with tko³)

tko^25t

partially lethal - majority die (with tko³), with tko^25t.tTa

tko^25t

partially lethal - majority die (with tko^25t)

tko³

partially lethal - majority die (with tko^25t), with tko^25t.tTa

tko³

viable

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

tko^GD12320

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

tko^Q116K.tTa

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal auditory perception

tko^25t

abnormal behavior

tko^25t

abnormal behavior | recessive

tko^25t

abnormal courtship behavior | male

tko^25t

abnormal courtship behavior | male limited

tko^25t

abnormal developmental rate

abnormal developmental rate, with tko³/tko^25t

tko^25t.tTa

abnormal developmental rate (with tko³)

tko^25t

abnormal developmental rate (with tko³), with tko^25t.tTa

tko^25t

abnormal developmental rate (with tko^25t)

tko³

abnormal developmental rate (with tko^25t), with tko^25t.tTa

tko³

abnormal developmental rate | conditional

tko^25t

abnormal developmental rate | female

tko^25t

abnormal developmental rate | male

tko^25t

abnormal mating

tko^25t

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone

tko³

abnormal neurophysiology

tko^25t

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage

tko^25t

bang sensitive

bang sensitive, with tko³/tko^25t

tko^25t.tTa

bang sensitive (with tko³), with tko^25t.tTa

tko^25t

bang sensitive (with tko^25t), with tko^25t.tTa

tko³

bang sensitive | recessive

tko^25t

chemical sensitive

tko^25t

decreased fecundity | female

tko^25t

short lived, with tko³/tko^25t

tko^25t.tTa

short lived (with tko³), with tko^25t.tTa

tko^25t

short lived (with tko^25t), with tko^25t.tTa

tko³

short lived | conditional

tko^25t

some die during larval stage

tko^k11

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during second instar larval stage

tko^B

some die during third instar larval stage

tko^A

visible

tko^25t

wild-type

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult antennal lobe projection neuron DL1 adPN | adult stage | somatic clone | somatic clone

tko³

egg

tko^Q116K.tTa

gamma Kenyon cell

tko³

macrochaeta

tko^25t

mitochondrial chromosome | pupal stage | increased number | conditional

tko^25t

mitochondrion

tko^25t

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Hsap\MRPS12

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\RPS23

2 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)

Rnor\Mrps12

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Rps23

2 of 14

Rnor\RGD1563570

1 of 14

Rnor\RGD1563705

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Mmus\Mrps12

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Rps23

2 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

Xtro\mrps12

11 of 13

Yes

Xtro\haghl

1 of 13

Xtro\rps23

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)

Drer\mrps12

14 of 14

Yes

Drer\rps23

2 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\mrps-12

13 of 14

Yes

Cele\rps-23

2 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP013102

12 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012990

2 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (6)

Atha\AT2G07675

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\rps12

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\rps12

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\rps12

8 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G09680

2 of 13

Atha\AT5G02960

2 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\MRPS12

10 of 13

Yes

Scer\RPS23A

2 of 13

Scer\RPS23B

2 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)

Spom\SPAC4F8.06

10 of 12

Yes

Spom\rps23

2 of 12

Spom\rps2302

2 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)

Ecol\rpsL

10 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tko. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

RpS23

4 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

mitochondrial disease with seizure-sensitivity and hearing loss (postulated), MRPS12-related

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

tko^25t

model of sensorineural hearing loss

CEA

(Toivonen et al., 2001)

model of epilepsy

CEA

(Jacobs and Sehgal, 2020, Kemppainen et al., 2016, Whelan et al., 2010, Tan et al., 2004)

model of mitochondrial metabolism disease

CEA

(Kemppainen et al., 2014)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

tko^25t

model of mitochondrial metabolism disease

is NOT ameliorated by Cint\AOX^UAS.cFa

(Kemppainen et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by Zzzz\AOX^Scer\UAS.cFa

(Kemppainen et al., 2014)

tko^HMS01695

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsc70-5^KK100233

(Zhu et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

MRPS12; mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12

13 of 14

MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12; MRPS12

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

tko

suppressible

mRpL14

(Kemppainen et al., 2009)

tko

suppressible

srl

(Chen et al., 2012)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Hsc70-5

enhanceable

tko

(Zhu et al., 2021)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

57764

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003714

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Ribosome

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-1

Cytogenetic map

3A3-3A3

Sequence location

X:2,442,313..2,443,976 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

3A3-3A3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1605 and P{EP}CG32796^EP1385&P{EP}EP1160

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

3A3-3A3

(Jacobs, 1999.10.8)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-1

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-0.6

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-1.0

Left of (cM)

z
trol

(Judd et al., 1972)

Right of (cM)

(Judd et al., 1972)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (12)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

93885

tko^25t/FM7a

4283

tko³/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

74340

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT055797-p65.AD}attP40

74972

w¹¹¹⁸; P{VT055797-GAL4.DBD}attP2

59642

y¹ Mi{MIC}tko^MI15120 w^*/FM7h

38251

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01695}attP40

52400

y¹ tko^A w^* P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC1, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC5, sn⁺

52401

y¹ tko^B w^* P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC1, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC5, sn⁺

87102

w¹¹¹⁸; P{R58E07-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb¹-RFP}CyO; P{VT055797-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb¹

Korea

13861

P{VT055797-GAL4}attP2

Kyoto

107668

tko³/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

VDRC

v52533

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12320}v52533

Genomic Clones (8)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (18)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RH56553

Other clones

MIP16231

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003714

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003714

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

The nuclear gene for mitoribosomal protein S12 (a major component of the ribosomal accuracy centre), tko, is characterised.

(Shah et al., 1997)

Most tko alleles are lethal in all genetic combinations. In homo- and hemizygotes of the viable allele tko^25t, however, mechanically shocked adults fall over and are briefly immobilized; after recovery, there is a refractory period during which sensitivity to further such shocks is reduced. tko^25t is considered a semi-lethal by Judd (1972), who finds that survivors exhibit a fine bristle phenotype. This allele is also a temperature-sensitive paralytic (Burg and Wu, 1987). Its aberrant behavior is suppressed by mle^nap-ts1 when the latter is kept at its permissive temperature (Ganetzky and Wu, 1982). When heterozygous with deficiencies for the locus, most tko alleles are lethal.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: tko CG7925

(Nusskern, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG7925

(Fukuoh et al., 2014, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Marygold et al., 2007, Benos, 2000.12.13)

EG:BACH59J11.1

(Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13, Benos, 1999.12.16)

MRP-S12

(Koc et al., 2001)

MRPS12

(Jacobs and Turnbull, 2005)

S12

(Amikura et al., 2001)

Tko

(Hope et al., 2020, Herranz et al., 2010)

l(1)3Ab

l(1)tko

(Datta and Kankel, 1992, Paradi et al., 1983)

mRpS12

(Mo et al., 2023, Marygold et al., 2007)

mt-rps12

(Shah et al., 1997)

rps12

(Shah et al., 1997)

tko

(Cuddapah et al., 2025, Vesala et al., 2024, Jacobs et al., 2023, Silva-Cardoso and N'Gouemo, 2023, Anoar et al., 2021, Zhu et al., 2021, Graves et al., 2020, Jacobs and Sehgal, 2020, Jacobs et al., 2020, Salminen and Vale, 2020, Hall et al., 2019, Oberhofer et al., 2019, Radlicz et al., 2019, Salminen et al., 2019, Camargo et al., 2018, Johan Arief et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Reynolds, 2018, Li et al., 2017, Yeh et al., 2017, Kemppainen et al., 2016, Woinski and Reynolds, 2016, Foriel et al., 2015, Kroll et al., 2015, Tower, 2015, Wei et al., 2015, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2014.6.20, Kemppainen et al., 2014, Vartiainen et al., 2014, Sen et al., 2013, Stone et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013-, Burg and Wu, 2012, Chen et al., 2012, Jaiswal et al., 2012, Jan and Jan, 2012, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Georgiev et al., 2010, Pessa et al., 2010, Whelan et al., 2010, Kemppainen et al., 2009, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Fergestad et al., 2008, Chihara et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2007, Toivonen et al., 2007, Fergestad et al., 2006, Lee and Wu, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Song and Tanouye, 2006, Tan et al., 2004, Toivonen et al., 2003)

Name Synonyms

Technical knockout

(Johan Arief et al., 2018)

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12

(Mandavilli et al., 2002)

mitoribosomal protein S12

(Vartiainen et al., 2014, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Shah et al., 1997)

technical knockout

(Brenman-Suttner et al., 2020, Graves et al., 2020, Kroll et al., 2015, Sen et al., 2013, Stone et al., 2013, Jan and Jan, 2012, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Pessa et al., 2010, Whelan et al., 2010, Kemppainen et al., 2009, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Fergestad et al., 2008, Chihara et al., 2007, Negre et al., 2006, Song and Tanouye, 2006, Jacobs et al., 2004, Tan et al., 2004, Toivonen et al., 2003)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

31228

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P10735

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P10735

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

D3DMP8

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P10735

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003714

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

31228/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003714

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003714

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003714

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG7925

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

31228

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

57764

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003714

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003714

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003714

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

tko_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003714

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003714

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7925

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003714

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0003714

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC007491

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Ribosome

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (143)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

2.25

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