FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Nmnat

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Nmnat

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase

Annotation Symbol

CG13645

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0039254

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

21 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase (2.7.7.1)

nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase (2.7.7.18)

Gene Summary

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (Nmnat) encodes an essential enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, catalyzing the last step of NAD synthesis. It is also a neuronal maintenance factor that protects neurons from excitotoxicity, environmental stress and protein misfolding induced degeneration. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

dNmnat

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

96B11-96B11

Sequence location

3R:24,945,237..24,947,400 [+]

Recombination map

3-86

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:24945237..24947400

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Llobet Rosell et al., 2022, Sasaki et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2006)

enables nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Llobet Rosell et al., 2022)

enables unfolded protein binding

inferred from direct assay

(Zhai et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables catalytic activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004821

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045094

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000247701

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045094

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000247701

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HAN9

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables nucleotidyltransferase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005248

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in NAD+ biosynthetic process via the salvage pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Llobet Rosell et al., 2022)

involved_in negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

inferred from direct assay

(Russo et al., 2019)

involved_in neuron projection maintenance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wen et al., 2011)

involved_in photoreceptor cell maintenance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhai et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in NAD+ biosynthetic process via the salvage pathway

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000247701

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in NAD+ biosynthetic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005248, InterPro:IPR045094

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Ruan et al., 2015)

located_in neuromuscular junction

inferred from direct assay

(Russo et al., 2019)

located_in neuronal cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Ruan et al., 2015)

located_in presynaptic active zone

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Russo et al., 2019)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in mitochondrion

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q96T66

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED ADENYLYLTRANSFERASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

NAD(+) BIOSYNTHESIS VIA THE SALVAGE PATHWAY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family. (Q9VC03)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + ATP + H(+) = diphosphate + NAD(+) (2.7.7.1)

RHEA 21360: nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ATP + H(+) = deamido-NAD(+) + diphosphate (2.7.7.18)

RHEA 22860:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED ADENYLYLTRANSFERASES -: This group comprises adenylyltransferases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Pathway (FlyBase)

NAD(+) BIOSYNTHESIS VIA THE SALVAGE PATHWAY -: In the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) salvage pathway, NAD(+) is synthesized from the vitamin B3 derivatives nicotinate (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM), and from β-nicotinamide D-riboside (NR) or nicotinate riboside (NAR). These compounds can be acquired either from the diet or as a by-product of NAD(+)-consuming enzymes. NAD(+) synthesis occurs predominantly in the cytosol. NAD(+) is then transported to other organelles including the nucleus and the mitochondrion. NAD(+) can also be phosphorylated to form NADP(+). NAD(+) and NADP(+) form NAD(+)/NADH and NADP(+)/NADPH redox couples that are essential for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and metabolic processes. The NAD(+)/NADH redox couple is involved in catabolic processes such as glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while the NADP(+)/NADPH redox couple is required for anabolic processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidative-stress defence. NAD(+) is also an essential co-substrate for NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, including NAD(+) glycohydrolases (e.g. Sarm), protein deacetylase sirtuins, and ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs). (Adapted from PMID:33353981 and PMID:22404877.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP (PubMed:17132048, PubMed:19403820). Essential for viability (PubMed:17132048). Stress-response chaperone protein that prevents toxic aggregation of proteins and promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins; this is independent of its NAD(+) synthesis activity (PubMed:18344983). Neuroprotective in response to toxic protein aggregation, for example by overexpressed Atx-1/ataxin-1 (PubMed:18344983). Required for maintenance and integrity of mature neurons, protecting them from neuronal activity-induced neurodegeneration (PubMed:17132048, PubMed:19403820). Required for the maintenance of axonal and dendritic integrity in both central and peripheral neurons (PubMed:21596138, PubMed:22425156). Chaperone function and neuroprotective roles are largely independent of NAD(+) synthesis activity (PubMed:17132048, PubMed:18344983, PubMed:21596138).

(UniProt, Q9VC03)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

NAD salvage pathway - catalyzing the last step of NAD synthesis - stress response protein - required for thermotolerance and mitigation of oxidative stress-induced shortened lifespan - protects against axonal degeneration through chaperone activity - protects against neurodegeneration through a proteasome-mediated pathway - required for maintaining active zone structural integrity by interacting Bruchpilot - regulated post-transcriptionally by Highwire function

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Nmnat for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VC03)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Gene model reviewed during 6.19

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Nmnat-RA

FBtr0084749

NM_143058

1287

389

Nmnat-RB

FBtr0084750

NM_170185

1236

297

Nmnat-RC

FBtr0337012

NM_001276013

1251

358

Nmnat-RD

FBtr0473366

NM_001369970

1200

266

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Nmnat-PA

FBpp0084124

43.8

389

8.83

FBpp0084125

33.5

297

9.03

FBpp0307941

40.1

358

7.06

FBpp0422970

29.7

266

6.95

Q8T405

QCD25207

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Domain

The N-terminal region, which includes the putative catalytic motif, is not required for chaperone activity.

The C-terminal region, which includes a putative ATP binding motif, is required for efficient chaperone activity.

(UniProt, Q9VC03)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9VC03

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Nmnat using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.84

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Ruan et al., 2015)

located_in neuromuscular junction

inferred from direct assay

(Russo et al., 2019)

located_in neuronal cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Ruan et al., 2015)

located_in presynaptic active zone

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Russo et al., 2019)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Nmnat in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Nmnat

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Nmnat

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0039254

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42987/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0039254

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0039254

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0039254

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG13645

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0039254

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Nmnat

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Nmnat

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

Nmnat^Δ4790-1

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Nmnat^GD8082

lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Nmnat^GD8082

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Nmnat^GD8082

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Nmnat^GD8082

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^Or22a.8197

Nmnat^{UAS.6x.Tag:MYC}

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

Nmnat^JF03337

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107, Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B

Nmnat^JF03337

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Nmnat^JF03337

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

Nmnat^GD8082

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Spyo\Cas9^ppk.PP

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Spyo\Cas9^SOP.scE1x8

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

abnormal neurophysiology | somatic clone

abnormal phototaxis | somatic clone

abnormal stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Nmnat^{UAS.6x.Tag:MYC}

abnormal touch response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Nmnat^{UAS.6x.Tag:MYC}

decreased size | larval stage, with Spyo\Cas9^ppk.PP

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

decreased size | larval stage, with Spyo\Cas9^SOP.scE1x8

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

some die during first instar larval stage

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult brain, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

Nmnat^{4-7.AltReport.UAS.DsRed(Unk),AcGFP1}

adult brain, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Nmnat^{4-7.AltReport.UAS.DsRed(Unk),AcGFP1}

adult brain, with Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

Nmnat^{4-7.AltReport.UAS.DsRed(Unk),AcGFP1}

adult mechanosensory neuron, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Nmnat^JF03337

adult mechanosensory neuron | somatic clone

Nmnat²

adult olfactory receptor neuron, with Scer\GAL4^Or22a.8197

Nmnat^{UAS.6x.Tag:MYC}

alpha/beta Kenyon cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

Nmnat^JF03337

alpha/beta Kenyon cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107, Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B

Nmnat^JF03337

alpha/beta Kenyon cell | somatic clone

Nmnat¹

axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Nmnat^{UAS.6x.Tag:MYC}

axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Nmnat^JF03337

axon | adult stage | somatic clone

axon | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

Nmnat^GD8082

dendrite

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

dendrite | larval stage, with Spyo\Cas9^ppk.PP

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

dendrite | larval stage, with Spyo\Cas9^SOP.scE1x8

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

dendrite | somatic clone

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Spyo\Cas9^ppk.PP

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Spyo\Cas9^SOP.scE1x8

Nmnat^U6:3.gRNA

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

larval multidendritic class III neuron | somatic clone

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

larval multidendritic class I neuron | somatic clone

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

motor neuron | somatic clone

Nmnat^Δ4790-2

neuronal cell body | adult stage | somatic clone

neuronal cell body | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

Nmnat^GD8082

ommatidium | somatic clone

Nmnat²

optic cartridge | somatic clone

rhabdomere | somatic clone

Nmnat²

sensory neuron | adult stage | somatic clone

sensory neuron | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut1-OK371

Nmnat^GD8082

t-bar | somatic clone

wing nerve, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Nmnat^{UAS.6x.Tag:MYC}

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (3)

Hsap\NMNAT1

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NMNAT3

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\NMNAT2

8 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Nmnat1

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Nmnat3

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Nmnat2

8 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

Mmus\Nmnat3

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Nmnat1

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Nmnat2

7 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

Xtro\nmnat2

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\nmnat1

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\suclg1

2 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\nmnat3

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\nmnat1

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\nmnat2

8 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\nmat-1

13 of 14

Yes

Cele\nmat-2

13 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009544

11 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009543

4 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

Atha\NMNAT

11 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\NMA1

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\NMA2

12 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\SPAC806.06c

11 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)

Ecol\nadD

4 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Nmnat. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Wallerian degeneration

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Nmnat^JF03337

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Fang et al., 2012)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

NMNAT1; nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1

model of Leber congenital amaurosis 9

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual developmental disorder, and Leber congenital amaurosis

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Nmnat^UAS.cZa

ameliorates autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia

modeled by Atx-1^UAS.cTa

(Zhai et al., 2008)

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{Q138.UAS.mRFP1}

(Zhu et al., 2019)

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN1^82Q.UAS

(Zhai et al., 2008)

Nmnat^WR.UAS.PD

ameliorates autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia

modeled by Atx-1^UAS.cTa

(Zhai et al., 2008)

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN1^82Q.UAS

(Zhai et al., 2008)

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^R406W.UAS

(Ma et al., 2020)

Nmnat^KK101988

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR^50.UAS.EGFP

(Lee et al., 2016)

Nmnat^JF03337

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10

modeled by Hsap\TARDBP^{M337V.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Huber et al., 2023)

model of neurodegenerative disease

is ameliorated by Mmus\Nmnat1^UAS.cAa

(Fang et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Mmus\Nmnat2^UAS.cAa

(Fang et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Mmus\Nmnat3^UAS.cAa

(Fang et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Mmus\Wld^S.UAS

(Fang et al., 2012)

Nmnat^unspecified

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{Q138.UAS.mRFP1}

(Zhu et al., 2019)

Nmnat^UAS.PC

exacerbates autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia

modeled by Hsap\ATXN1^82Q.UAS

(Ruan et al., 2015)

exacerbates high grade glioma

modeled by Ras85D^V12.cUa.UAS

(Liu et al., 2021)

Nmnat^UAS.PD

ameliorates autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia

modeled by Hsap\ATXN1^82Q.UAS

(Ruan et al., 2015)

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^R406W.UAS

(Ma et al., 2020)

Nmnat^RNAi.UAS.cUa

ameliorates high grade glioma

modeled by Ras85D^V12.cUa.UAS

(Liu et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

NMNAT1; nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1

12 of 14

608700

NMNAT3; nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3

12 of 14

608702

NMNAT2; nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2

8 of 14

608701

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

Nmnat

Mmus\Nmnat1

(Rallis et al., 2013)

Nmnat

Mmus\Nmnat3

(Rallis et al., 2013)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Nmnat - Hsap\MAPT

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ali et al., 2012)

Nmnat - Wnk

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Izadifar et al., 2021)

Nmnat - brp

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Zang et al., 2013)

Nmnat - hiw

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Xiong et al., 2012)

Nmnat - twi

experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Rhee et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Ji et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Neukomm et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Ji et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Rallis et al., 2013)

Nmnat

suppressible

norpA

(Zhai et al., 2006)

Nmnat

suppressible

Sarm

(Ji et al., 2022, Neukomm et al., 2017)

Nmnat

suppressible

Sarm|axed

(Neukomm et al., 2017)

Nmnat

suppressible

Wnk

(Izadifar et al., 2021)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Atx-1

suppressible

Nmnat

(Zhai et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Ji et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Zhai et al., 2006)

suppressible

(Cho et al., 2022)

suppressible

(Zhai et al., 2006)

Wnk

suppressible

Nmnat

(Izadifar et al., 2021)

wts

suppressible

Nmnat

(Wen et al., 2011)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

67908

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0039254

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42987

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

NAD(+) BIOSYNTHESIS VIA THE SALVAGE PATHWAY

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Nicotinate metabolism

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Nicotinate metabolism

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-86

Cytogenetic map

96B11-96B11

Sequence location

3R:24,945,237..24,947,400 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

96B11-96B11

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ssh⁰¹²⁰⁷ and P{lacW}OstStt3^j2D9

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-86

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-85.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (21)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

39702

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-Nmnat.HA}2

606438

w^*; PBac{U6:3-Nmnat.gRNA}VK00027

39701

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-Nmnat.H30A}2

39699

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-Nmnat.Z}2/CyO

95445

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{PB}Nmnat^c06986

29402

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF03337}attP2

606771

w^*; PBac{U6:3-Nmnat.Sarm.gRNA}VK00027

80087

y¹ w^*; TI{TI}Nmnat^wt.EGFP

50493

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Nmnat^MI08919

86470

y¹ w^*; TI{CRIMIC.TG4.2}Nmnat^{CR01618-TG4.2}

VDRC

v107262

P{KK101988}VIE-260B

v32255

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD8082}v32255

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (11)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (19)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0039254

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0039254

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

monoclonal

(Liu et al., 2025)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Nmnat is cell-autonomously required for maintaining type-specific dendritic coverage of dendritic arborization (da) sensory neurons.

(Wen et al., 2011)

Loss of Nmnat affects the axons of all classes of da neurons demonstrating its function in maintaining axonal integrity is not restricted to distinct neuronal subtypes.

(Wen et al., 2011)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Nmnat CG13645

(Zhai et al., 2006)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

3R4

(Zhai et al., 2006)

AAL90149

(Rongvaux et al., 2003)

CG13645

(Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Raker et al., 2009, MacDonald et al., 2006, Zhai et al., 2006, Zhai et al., 2006)

DmNMNAT

(Kitay et al., 2013)

DmNmnat

(Ruan et al., 2015)

NMNAT

(Brace et al., 2022, Cho et al., 2022, Goel and Dickman, 2021, Cirrincione and Rieger, 2020, Zhu et al., 2019, Grill et al., 2016, Ali et al., 2012, Gistelinck et al., 2012, Zhai et al., 2008, Jones, 2006)

Nmnat1

(Avery et al., 2009)

NmnatB

(Sasaki et al., 2009)

dNmnat

(Llobet Rosell et al., 2022, Zhu et al., 2022, Fang et al., 2012, Sasaki et al., 2009)

dnmnat

(Hsu et al., 2021, Rosell and Neukomm, 2019)

nmnat

(Hao et al., 2019, Neukomm et al., 2017, Wen et al., 2013, Georgiev et al., 2012, Jaiswal et al., 2012, Xiong et al., 2012, Ali et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2006, Zhai et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Nicotinamide mononucleotide

(Copf, 2015)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase

(Wen et al., 2011)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylytransferase

(Zhai et al., 2006)

adenylyltransferase

(Copf, 2015)

nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase

(Xiong et al., 2012)

nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 1

(Avery et al., 2009)

nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase

(Chen et al., 2016, Wen et al., 2013, Zhai et al., 2008, Zhai et al., 2006)

nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1

(Zhai et al., 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 59 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

42987

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VC03

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VC03

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VC03

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0039254

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42987/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0039254

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0039254

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0039254

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG13645

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

42987

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

67908

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0039254

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0039254

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0039254

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0039254

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0039254

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG13645

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0039254

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0039254

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC012307

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42987

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Nicotinate metabolism

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Nicotinate metabolism

References (108)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

0.84

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