FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Cad99C
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Cad99C
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Cadherin 99C
Annotation Symbol
CG31009
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039709
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
17 publicly available
Gene Summary
Cadherin 99C (Cad99C) encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins, which mediate cell-cell adhesion and/or cell-cell communication. Its roles include microvillus morphogenesis, tube elongation, endosome formation and immunity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

CA-10

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
99C3-99C4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-99
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:29841657..29854699
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables myosin binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ck; FB:FBgn0000317
(Glowinski et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables calcium ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002126, InterPro:IPR015919
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence model
(Hill et al., 2001)
Biological Process (16 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apical protein localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung and Andrew, 2014)
involved_in calcium-mediated signaling
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:norpA; FB:FBgn0262738
(Lee et al., 2015)
involved_in chorion-containing eggshell formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(D'Alterio et al., 2005)
involved_in follicle cell microvillus organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schlichting et al., 2006, D'Alterio et al., 2005)
involved_in mucosal immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lee et al., 2015)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:norpA; FB:FBgn0262738
(Lee et al., 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lee et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of follicle cell microvillus length
inferred from mutant phenotype
(D'Alterio et al., 2005)
involved_in sensory perception of sound
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2016)
involved_in tube morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung and Andrew, 2014)
involved_in vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axonogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008390614
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
non-traceable author statement
(Hill et al., 2001)
traceable author statement
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020894
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
inferred from sequence model
(Hill et al., 2001)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001931937
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008601578
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in homophilic cell-cell adhesion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002126
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
colocalizes_with brush border membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Lee et al., 2015)
colocalizes_with endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Lee et al., 2015)
located_in microvillus
inferred from direct assay
(Schlichting et al., 2006, D'Alterio et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in adherens junction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001931937
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002126, InterPro:IPR015919
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN009075295
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in plasma membrane
non-traceable author statement
(Hill et al., 2001)
traceable author statement
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020894
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Cadherin 99C (Cad99C) encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins, which mediate cell-cell adhesion and/or cell-cell communication. Its roles include microvillus morphogenesis, tube elongation, endosome formation and immunity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CADHERINS -
The cadherin superfamily represent a diverse group of transmembrane receptors which mediate cell-cell adhesion. Cadherins are defined by the presence of cadherin domains, typically organised in tandem repeats, which mediate calcium-dependent homophilic interactions between cadherin molecules. (Adapted from FBrf0146675).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Cadherin that functions in epithelial morphogenesis and the intestine epithelial immune response (PubMed:16260500, PubMed:16507588, PubMed:24718992, PubMed:25639794). Essential for female fertility (PubMed:16260500, PubMed:16507588). Regulates the length and organization of apical microvilli in developing follicle cells and salivary glands (PubMed:16260500, PubMed:16507588, PubMed:24718992, PubMed:25236597). Function in the follicle cell is essential for egg development as the microvilli secrete eggshell material such as the vitelline membrane (PubMed:16260500, PubMed:16507588, PubMed:25236597). Acts at least in part by regulating the recruitment of the myosin ck to the follicle cell microvilli (PubMed:25236597). Also required to regulate cell rearrangements during salivary tube elongation, possibly by modulating cellular adhesion between the apical surface and apical extracellular matrix during epithelial tube elongation (PubMed:24718992). May also function in cellular adhesion during the development of other tubular epithelia such as the trachea (PubMed:24718992). Possibly functions as an apical membrane determinant which acts in apical membrane expansion during salivary and tracheal epithelial tube elongation (PubMed:24718992). In salivary gland development, this function is independent of the other apical membrane determinants crb and sas (PubMed:24718992). Essential downstream component of a hh-signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut epithelial immune response to bacterial uracil; required for endosome formation in the enterocyte and activating norpA-dependent Ca2+ mobilization, which are essential steps in the Duox-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to intestinal bacterial infection (PubMed:25639794).
(UniProt, Q9VAF5)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

receptor - cadherin superfamily - expressed in follicle cells - regulator of microvillus length - regulates apical expansion and cell rearrangement during salivary gland tube elongation

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Cad99C for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VAF5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Cad99C-RA
FBtr0085488
NM_170435
5795
1706
Cad99C-RB
FBtr0303095
NM_001202382
5651
1706
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Cad99C-PA
FBpp0084854
186.9
1706
4.50
Q9VAF5
NP_733314
AAF56955
Cad99C-PB
FBpp0292214
186.9
1706
4.50
Q9VAF5
NP_001189311
ADV37401
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1706 aa isoforms: Cad99C-PA, Cad99C-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via the cytoplasmic domain) with ck (PubMed:25236597, PubMed:27331610). Interacts (via the cytoplasmic domain) with Cul1 and Ubr3 (PubMed:27331610).

(UniProt, Q9VAF5)
Domain

The extracellular domain is necessary for conferring apical characteristics on the salivary gland membrane (PubMed:24718992). Necessary for regulating salivary gland membrane expansion and tube length, but is not required for cell rearrangement during tube elongation (PubMed:24718992). Sufficient to promote the outgrowth of follicle cell microvilli and the formation of microvilli bundles (PubMed:16260500, PubMed:24718992) Sufficient to promote formation of microvilli-like structures in the salivary glands and the follicle cell microvilli bundles (PubMed:16507588, PubMed:24718992). Dispensable for apical localization (PubMed:24718992).

The cytoplasmic domain is necessary for the formation of uracil-induced endosomes.

Three calcium ions are usually bound at the interface of each cadherin domain and rigidify the connections, imparting a strong curvature to the full-length ectodomain (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q9VAF5)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Cad99C using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.86

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis stage S2 -- S14
follicle cell
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
oogenesis stage S4 -- S8
main body follicle cell
(Zartman et al., 2009)
polar follicle cell
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
oogenesis stage S4 -- S13
polar follicle cell
(Zartman et al., 2009)
oogenesis stage S9 -- S14
main body follicle cell
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
oogenesis stage S10B
border follicle cell
(Zartman et al., 2009)
Additional Descriptive Data

Cad99C is expressed in oogenesis stages S4-8 in the anterior and posterior follicle cells and in follicle cells that migrate to contact the ooctye at stage S9.

(Zartman et al., 2009)

Cad99C is detected in follicle cells at the anterior and posterior poles of the egg chamber at oogenesis stages 4-8. During stages 9-14, signal is detected in follicle cells surrounding the oocyte.

(Schlichting et al., 2006)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
cone cell
(Demontis and Dahmann, 2009)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
main body follicle cell | apical
(Khanal et al., 2016)
oogenesis stage S8 & adult stage | female
oocyte | posterior
(Talamillo et al., 2013)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S14
follicle cell
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
oogenesis stage S4 -- S8
polar follicle cell
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
oogenesis stage S9 -- S14
main body follicle cell
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data

Cad99C protein is detected at the border between follicle cells and the oocyte at the anterior and posterior poles of the egg chamber at oogenesis stages 4-8. During stages 9-14, signal is detected in structures at the entire border between the oocyte and the follicle cells.

(Schlichting et al., 2006)
Marker for
 
microvillus
(Glowinski et al., 2014)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Schlichting et al., 2006)
colocalizes_with brush border membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Lee et al., 2015)
colocalizes_with endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Lee et al., 2015)
located_in microvillus
inferred from direct assay
(Schlichting et al., 2006, D'Alterio et al., 2005)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Cad99C in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Cad99C
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Cad99C
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-fertile
female semi-sterile
female sterile
male sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell adhesion, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
majority die during embryonic stage (with Cad99C57A)
majority die during embryonic stage (with Cad99C120B)
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
egg
embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
embryonic/larval salivary gland (with Cad99C57A)
embryonic/larval salivary gland (with Cad99C120B)
embryonic/larval tracheal section, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
endosome, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
follicle cell | somatic clone
follicle cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Johnston organ | P-stage | somatic clone
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
microvillus & follicle cell, with Cad99C21-5/Cad99C21-6, Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
microvillus & follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
microvillus & follicle cell (with Cad99C21-5), with Cad99CΔcyt.UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
microvillus & follicle cell (with Cad99C21-6)
microvillus & follicle cell (with Cad99C21-6), with Cad99CΔcyt.UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
microvillus & follicle cell (with Cad99C21-8)
microvillus | somatic clone
microvillus | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
midgut, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
scolopidium | P-stage | somatic clone
seminal vesicle
spermatid
spermatid cyst
spermatozoon
tracheal precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
vitelline membrane
vitelline membrane, with Cad99C21-5/Cad99C21-6, Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
vitelline membrane, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
vitelline membrane (with Cad99C21-5), with Cad99CΔcyt.UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
vitelline membrane (with Cad99C21-6), with Cad99CΔcyt.UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4FRT.Rnor\Cd2.Act5C
vitelline membrane (with Cad99C51C)
vitelline membrane (with Cad99C57A)
vitelline membrane (with Cad99C120B)
vitelline membrane | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (16)
Hsap\PCDH15
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\FAT4
2 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\CDH10
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDH23
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDHR5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\CELSR1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELSR2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CELSR3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DCHS1
1 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\DCHS2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FAT1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FAT2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FAT3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDH11X
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDH11Y
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PCDHGA3
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (52)
Rnor\Pcdh15
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Cdhr1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pcdhga2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Cdh9
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cdh10
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cdh23
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cdhr5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Celsr3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dchs1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Fat3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC108348201
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh18
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdh19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdha4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb6l
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb11
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pcdhb12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb16l
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb21
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhb22
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhga11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhgb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhgb4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhgb5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhgb6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhgb7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pcdhgb8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (75)
Mmus\Pcdh15
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Fat4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdhga2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Cdh10
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdh23
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdhr1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdhr5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Celsr1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celsr2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Celsr3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dchs1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dchs2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fat1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fat2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fat3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm37013
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh9
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdh10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh18
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdh19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdha12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhac2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb13
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdhb16
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb17
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdhb18
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb21
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhb22
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga11
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhga12
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgb2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgb4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgb5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pcdhgb6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgb7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgc4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pcdhgc5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (16)
Xtro\pcdh15
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\LOC101733947
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ccdc88a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cdh23
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\celsr3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cenpv
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fat1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fat3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fat4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100493106
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC105946895
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdh8.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdh10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pcdh18
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pcdha6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\snrpf
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (23)
Drer\pcdh15a
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\pcdh15b
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cdh23
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdhr5b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cdhr5-rs
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\celsr1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celsr1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\celsr2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dchs1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dchs1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dchs2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\fat3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC568600
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh2ab6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh2ab11
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pcdh8
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh18b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pcdh20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:dkey-22o22.2
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\cdh-5
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\cdh-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdh-9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdh-12
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002310
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003607
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004166
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006256
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007905
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007924
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011526
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011529
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GPRSTN
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Cad99C. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (10)
Cad89D
2 of 13
ds
2 of 13
ft
2 of 13
kug
2 of 13
stan
2 of 13
Cad74A
1 of 13
Cad86C
1 of 13
Cad87A
1 of 13
Cad96Cb
1 of 13
shg
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PCDH15; protocadherin related 15
    11 of 14
    605514
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Cad99C
    suppressible
    nopo
    (Lee et al., 2018)
    Cad99C
    suppressible
    Prtl99C
    (Eren-Ghiani et al., 2015)
    Cad99C
    suppressible
    sas
    (Chung and Andrew, 2014)
    Cad99C
    suppressible
    Traf-like
    (Lee et al., 2018)
    Cad99C
    suppressible
    Uev1A
    (Lee et al., 2018)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    AdamTS-A
    suppressible
    Cad99C
    (Ismat et al., 2013)
    ci
    suppressible
    Cad99C
    (Lee et al., 2015)
    hh
    suppressible
    Cad99C
    (Lee et al., 2015)
    smo
    suppressible
    Cad99C
    (Lee et al., 2015)
    Ubr3
    enhanceable
    Cad99C
    (Li et al., 2016)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts (via the cytoplasmic domain) with ck (PubMed:25236597, PubMed:27331610). Interacts (via the cytoplasmic domain) with Cul1 and Ubr3 (PubMed:27331610).
    (UniProt, Q9VAF5 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-99
    Cytogenetic map
    99C3-99C4
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    99C3-99C4
    ; Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-99

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-97.0

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (17)
    Genomic Clones (15)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (18)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Lee et al., 2015, Glowinski et al., 2014)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          The extracellular (and transmembrane) domain of Cad99C is sufficient to confer apical character on membranes but does not affect cell rearrangement during tube elongation.

          (Chung and Andrew, 2014)

          Loss of Cad99C results in shorter microvilli and overexpression in longer microvilli than in wild-type, indicating that the concentration of Cad99C is positively correlated with the length of microvilli in follicle cells.

          (D'Alterio et al., 2005)

          Cad99C is regulated by hh.

          (Schlichting et al., 2005)

          Expression is highly increased in the A/P organizer region.

          (Demontis et al., 2003)

          Cad99C is a hh target gene that might play an important role during wing tissue patterning and larval development.

          (Demontis et al., 2003)

          Overexpression of Cad99C is associated with the genesis/stabilization of long apical membrane protrusions. RNAi-mediated loss of Cad99C function is associated with a developmental block at the larval stage.

          (Demontis et al., 2003)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CG7805 CG15511

          (Hill et al., 2001)
          Additional comments

          Annotations CG15511, CG7805 merged as CG31009 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Cad99C CA-10

          (Demontis, 2004.11.6)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CA-10
          (Demontis, 2004.11.6, Demontis et al., 2003)
          CG15511
          (Hill et al., 2001)
          CG310034
          (D'Alterio et al., 2005)
          CG31009
          (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Perkins et al., 2009)
          CG7805
          (Whitfield, 2000.5.15)
          CT35624
          (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
          CT4930
          (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
          Cad99C
          (Bischoff et al., 2025, Isaacson et al., 2024, Peng et al., 2024, Sutton et al., 2024, Li et al., 2022, Marcogliese et al., 2022, DeAngelis et al., 2021, Chmiel et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2019, Lattner et al., 2019, Li et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Eren-Ghiani et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Lee et al., 2015, Lee et al., 2015, Wangler et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Chung and Andrew, 2014, Glowinski et al., 2014, Ismat et al., 2013, Talamillo et al., 2013, Sarpal et al., 2012, Zhai et al., 2012, Monier et al., 2011, Yan et al., 2011, Zappia et al., 2011, Blumenstiel et al., 2009, Demontis and Dahmann, 2009, Genevet et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Elalayli et al., 2008, Fung et al., 2008, Zartman et al., 2008, Demontis et al., 2006, Schlichting et al., 2006, D'Alterio et al., 2005, Schlichting et al., 2005, Demontis et al., 2003)
          Cad99c
          (Raicu et al., 2024, Napoletano et al., 2011)
          DCad99C
          (Tepass et al., 2000)
          Dm Cad99C
          (Demontis et al., 2006)
          cad99C
          (Godt et al., 2005, Schlichting et al., 2005)
          Name Synonyms
          Cad99C
          (Fung et al., 2008)
          Cadherin 99C
          (Camelo and Luschnig, 2021, Lee et al., 2015, Chung and Andrew, 2014, Monier et al., 2011)
          Cadherin99C
          (Ismat et al., 2013)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0039708
          • FBgn0051009
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (90)