FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\smg

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

Gene: Dmel\smg

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\smg

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

smaug

Annotation Symbol

CG5263

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0016070

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

12 publicly available

Gene Summary

smaug (smg) encodes the founding member of the SMAUG family of sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins. During the maternal-to-zygotic transition in early embryos, the smg product inhibits the translation and induces the degradation of hundreds of maternal mRNAs by recruitment of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, thereby controlling embryonic patterning, activation of zygotic transcription, and early embryonic cell cycles. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

D69

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:8,990,317..8,997,989 [-]

Recombination map

3-28

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:8990317..8997989

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables myosin binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Myo10A; FB:FBgn0263705

(Liu et al., 2008)

enables translation repressor activity

inferred from direct assay

(Dahanukar et al., 1999)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding

traceable author statement

(Kim and Bowie, 2004, Dean et al., 2002, Johnstone and Lasko, 2001)

enables mRNA binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000282210

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

traceable author statement

(Hall, 2003)

enables mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

traceable author statement

(Dean et al., 2002)

enables RNA binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015327, InterPro:IPR037093, InterPro:IPR037634

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables translation repressor activity

traceable author statement

(Johnstone and Lasko, 2001)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037093, InterPro:IPR037634

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (10 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in establishment of RNA localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Semotok et al., 2005)

involved_in negative regulation of germ cell proliferation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:osk; FB:FBgn0003015

(Siddiqui et al., 2024)

involved_in negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Siddiqui et al., 2024)

involved_in negative regulation of translation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Siddiqui et al., 2024)

inferred from direct assay

(Dahanukar et al., 1999)

involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jeske et al., 2006, Zaessinger et al., 2006)

involved_in piRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Rouget et al., 2010)

involved_in pole plasm assembly

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:osk; FB:FBgn0003015

(Siddiqui et al., 2024)

involved_in positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chartier et al., 2015)

involved_in regulation of mRNA stability

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tadros et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in negative regulation of translation

traceable author statement

(Kim and Bowie, 2004, Dean et al., 2002, Johnstone and Lasko, 2001)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037093, InterPro:IPR037634

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000282210

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015327

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in regulation of mRNA stability

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037634

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Dahanukar et al., 1999)

inferred from direct assay

(Chartier et al., 2015)

located_in P granule

inferred from direct assay

(Siddiqui et al., 2024)

located_in P-body

inferred from direct assay

(Eulalio et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in P-body

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000282210

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the SMAUG family. (Q23972)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

smaug (smg) encodes the founding member of the SMAUG family of sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins. During the maternal-to-zygotic transition in early embryos, the smg product inhibits the translation and induces the degradation of hundreds of maternal mRNAs by recruitment of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, thereby controlling embryonic patterning, activation of zygotic transcription, and early embryonic cell cycles. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Translation regulator that binds to the 3'-UTR of specific mRNAs such as nanos (nos) and prevents their translation. Prevents translation of unlocalized nanos in the bulk cytoplasm via the recruitment of cup.

(UniProt, Q23972)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

RNA binding protein - repressor of Nanos translation - required for cleavage-independent maternal transcript destruction during the Drosophila MZT

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

5

Number of Unique Polypeptides

2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\smg for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q23972)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

1OXJ
8OIJ

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0076550

4670

999

FBtr0076549

4624

999

FBtr0076551

4562

999

FBtr0290103

4927

1109

FBtr0290104

4465

999

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0076277

109.1

999

7.46

FBpp0076276

109.1

999

7.46

FBpp0076278

109.1

999

7.46

FBpp0288542

120.7

1109

7.19

FBpp0288543

109.1

999

7.46

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

999 aa isoforms: smg-PA, smg-PB, smg-PC, smg-PE

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with oskar (osk). Binds to the 3'-UTR of nanos (nos). Interacts with cup, which in turn recruits eIF4-E, leading to an indirect interaction between smg and eIF4-E that prevents mRNA translation. Forms a complex with aub, twin, AGO3, nanos mRNA and piRNAs that targets the nanos 3'-untranslated region, in early embryos.

(UniProt, Q23972)

Domain

The SAM domain mediates the association with the 3'-UTR of specific mRNAs.

(UniProt, Q23972)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

1OXJ
8OIJ

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Q23972

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\smg using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.25

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

Comment: rapidly degraded

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5

(Smibert et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval nervous system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 2

organism | ubiquitous | uniform

• cytoplasm

(Smibert et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 4 -- 11

primordial germ cell

Comment: labeled as "primordial germ cell"

(Siddiqui et al., 2012)

(Siddiqui et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5

organism | posterior

• pole plasm

(Smibert et al., 1999)

primordial germ cell

• cytoplasm

(Smibert et al., 1999)

Additional Descriptive Data

smg protein levels as seen on western blots progressively increase through the early cleavage divisions, peak during syncytial blastoderm cycles 10-13, and then dramatically decline during interphase of cycle 14.

(Benoit et al., 2009)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Dahanukar et al., 1999)

inferred from direct assay

(Chartier et al., 2015)

located_in P granule

inferred from direct assay

(Siddiqui et al., 2024)

located_in P-body

inferred from direct assay

(Eulalio et al., 2007)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\smg in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\smg

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\smg

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0016070

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39034/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0016070

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0016070

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0016070

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG5263

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0016070

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\smg

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of smg

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of smg

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 5 )

Gene disrupted in

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Reim et al., 2003, Dahanukar et al., 1999)

(Reim et al., 2003)

Gene not disrupted in

(Reim et al., 2003)

(Reim et al., 2003)

Inferred from location ( 4 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62

smg^HMS04335

lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^dome-PG14

smg^HMS04335

lethal | maternal effect

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive

smg¹

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

smg^GD11593

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

smg^GD11593

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

smg^GD11593

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

smg^GD11593

Sterility

Allele

female sterile, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu

smg^HMS04335

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4⁴⁷⁷

smg^UASp.cBa

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)Scf-R6)

smg¹

decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage (with Df(3L)Scf-R6)

smg¹

decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage (with smg¹)

smg⁴⁷

decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage (with smg⁴⁷)

smg¹

increased cell number | embryonic stage | maternal effect

smg⁴⁷

increased cell number | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Df(3L)Scf-R6)

increased cell number | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with smg¹)

smg⁴⁷

increased cell number | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with smg⁴⁷)

smg¹

some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive

smg¹

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

embryo | embryonic cycle 11 | maternal effect

smg¹

embryo | embryonic stage 4 | maternal effect

smg¹

larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4⁴⁷⁷

smg^UASp.cBa

larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)Scf-R6)

smg¹

ovary, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

smg^UAS.cSa

primordial germ cell | increased number | maternal effect

smg⁴⁷

primordial germ cell | increased number | maternal effect (with Df(3L)Scf-R6)

primordial germ cell | increased number | maternal effect (with smg¹)

smg⁴⁷

primordial germ cell | increased number | maternal effect (with smg⁴⁷)

smg¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (3)

11 of 14

Yes

Yes

10 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)

11 of 14

Yes

Yes

10 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

11 of 14

Yes

Yes

9 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

8 of 13

Yes

Yes

7 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)

11 of 14

Yes

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

6 of 14

Yes

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006702

9 of 12

Yes

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

4 of 13

Yes

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\SPBC13E7.03c

4 of 12

Yes

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:smg. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

modeled by Hsap\PABPN1^17ala.Act88F

(Chartier et al., 2015)

exacerbates myotonic dystrophy type 1

modeled by Zzzz\CTG^i480.UAS

(de Haro et al., 2013)

ameliorates myotonic dystrophy type 1

modeled by Zzzz\CTG^i480.UAS

(de Haro et al., 2013)

ameliorates oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

modeled by Hsap\PABPN1^17ala.Act88F

(Chartier et al., 2015)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

SAMD4B; sterile alpha motif domain containing 4B

11 of 14

SAMD4A; sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A

10 of 14

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Kubíková et al., 2023)

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Kubíková et al., 2023)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Pinder and Smibert, 2013)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Pinder and Smibert, 2013)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rouget et al., 2010)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Khan et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Zaessinger et al., 2006)

pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid

(Liu et al., 2008)

tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid

(Pekovic et al., 2023, Semotok et al., 2005)

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, two hybrid

(Pekovic et al., 2023)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Semotok et al., 2005)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Khan et al., 2015)

iclip, partial RNA sequence identification, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Barckmann et al., 2015, Rouget et al., 2010)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Kubíková et al., 2023, Cao et al., 2020)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, autoradiography

(Nelson et al., 2004)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Nelson et al., 2004)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Khan et al., 2015, Majumdar et al., 2012)

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, two hybrid, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, autoradiography

(Kubíková et al., 2023, Jeske et al., 2011)

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid, x-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant

(Kubíková et al., 2023, Bruzzone et al., 2020)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Liu et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Chartier et al., 2015, Rouget et al., 2010, Semotok et al., 2005)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Chen et al., 2014, Semotok et al., 2005)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Chartier et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Mihailovich et al., 2012)

iclip, partial RNA sequence identification, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Barckmann et al., 2015, Rouget et al., 2010)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Chen et al., 2014)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, autoradiography, coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Götze et al., 2017, Chen et al., 2014, Jeske et al., 2011, Rouget et al., 2010, Zaessinger et al., 2006, Semotok et al., 2005, Smibert et al., 1999, Smibert et al., 1996)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Dahanukar et al., 1999)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with oskar (osk). Binds to the 3'-UTR of nanos (nos). Interacts with cup, which in turn recruits eIF4-E, leading to an indirect interaction between smg and eIF4-E that prevents mRNA translation. Forms a complex with aub, twin, AGO3, nanos mRNA and piRNAs that targets the nanos 3'-untranslated region, in early embryos.

(UniProt, Q23972 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64438

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0016070

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

39034

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

3L

Recombination map

3-28

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:8,990,317..8,997,989 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

66F1-66F1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)01629⁰¹⁶²⁹&P{PZ}mRpL12¹⁰⁵³⁴ and P{EP}Hsp26^EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26^EP3315

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

66F-66F

(Dahanukar, 1999.6.17, Dahanukar et al., 1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-28

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-21.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (12)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

5930

smg¹/TM3, Sb¹

18226

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{RB}smg^e04096

56913

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS04335}attP40

22320

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}smg^EY11977

35477

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00406}attP2

91634

Df(3L)DocA, ru¹ P{EP}smg^EP3556/TM3, P{eve-lacZ8.0}AG1, Sb¹

5263R-3

HMJ22998

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ22998}attP40/CyO

GL00406

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00406}attP2

v110207

P{KK102561}VIE-260B

v22044

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD11593}v22044

v318210

PBac{fTRG00722.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00033

Genomic Clones (7)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (239)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD30037

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0016070

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0016070

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

monoclonal

(Na et al., 2016, Laver et al., 2012)

polyclonal

(Chartier et al., 2015, Khan et al., 2015)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

smg protein interacts with AGO1 protein, and AGO1 protein interacts with and is required for the translational repression of the smg target, nos mRNA. The AGO1 protein/nos mRNA interaction does not require a miRNA, but does require msg protein.

(Pinder and Smibert, 2013)

smg is a major regulator of maternal mRNA destabilization.

(Tadros et al., 2007)

smg operates a translational switch that governs the distribution of nos protein in the embryo.

(Dahanukar et al., 1999)

Protein products binds nos translation element 1 (NTE1), preventing translation and promoting nos mRNA degradation.

(Smibert et al., 1996)

smg protein was identified on the basis of specifically binding nos mRNA and represses translation of unlocalized nos mRNA in the embryo. Two SREs (smg Response elements) map to the nos 3' UTR.

(Smibert et al., 1996)

Cloned by ability to arrest the cell cycle when expressed in the fission yeast S.pombe.

(Edgar, 1993.11.5)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: smg anon-D69

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of smg anon-D69 was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG5263

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Na et al., 2016, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Liu et al., 2008, Brandt, 2006)

D69

(Schultz et al., 1997)

SMG

(Cui et al., 2008, Cui et al., 2008, Goldman et al., 2007, Sofola et al., 2007)

SmG

(Horan et al., 2015, Khan et al., 2015)

Smaug

(Kermi et al., 2017, Niinuma and Tomari, 2017, Khan et al., 2015, Barckmann and Simonelig, 2013)

Smg

(Deshpande et al., 2025, Makki and Meller, 2021, Wang and Lin, 2021, Rojas-Ríos and Simonelig, 2018, Dufourt et al., 2017, Barckmann et al., 2015, Andrews et al., 2011, Rouget et al., 2010, Snowflack and Gavis, 2008, Tadros et al., 2007, Kalifa et al., 2006, Shav-Tal and Singer, 2005, Lawniczak and Begun, 2004, Nelson et al., 2004, Nelson and Smibert, 2002, Smibert et al., 1999)

anon-D69

anonD69

smaug

(Eichhorn et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2014)

smg

(Siddiqui et al., 2024, Sutton et al., 2024, Cao et al., 2022, Ribot et al., 2022, Pang et al., 2021, Sapiro et al., 2020, Foley et al., 2019, Trcek and Lehmann, 2019, Deshpande and Meller, 2018, Lefebvre and Lécuyer, 2018, Xie and Blankenship, 2018, Hara et al., 2017, Luo et al., 2016, Na et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Chartier et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Hughes et al., 2014, Olesnicky et al., 2014, Sen et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Mihailovich et al., 2012, Jeske et al., 2011, Gan et al., 2010, Thomsen et al., 2010, Aerts et al., 2009, Benoit et al., 2009, Brechbiel and Gavis, 2008, Brechbiel and Gavis, 2008, Horner and Wolfner, 2008, Semotok et al., 2008, Magalhaes et al., 2007, Sofola et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Brandt, 2006, Zaessinger et al., 2006, Smibert et al., 1999)

Name Synonyms

SMAUG

(Tadros et al., 2007)

Smau

(Shav-Tal and Singer, 2005)

dSmaug

(Baez and Boccaccio, 2005)

smaug

(Dyson et al., 2025, Rangone et al., 2024, Lefebvre and Lécuyer, 2018, Chen et al., 2014, de Haro et al., 2013, Geisbrecht et al., 2013, Pinder and Smibert, 2013, Sung et al., 2013, Jeske et al., 2011, Temme et al., 2010, Benoit et al., 2009, Bushati et al., 2008, Horner and Wolfner, 2008, Liu et al., 2008, Song et al., 2007, Smibert et al., 1999)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0010432

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

39034

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q23972

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q23972

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q23972

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0016070

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39034/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0016070

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0016070

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0016070

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG5263

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

39034

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

1OXJ
8OIJ

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64438

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0016070

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0016070

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0016070

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0016070

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0016070

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG5263

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0016070

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC007735

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

39034

References (182)