FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Spt6
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Spt6
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Spt6
Annotation Symbol
CG12225
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0028982
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
Histone H3-H4 chaperone that plays a role in maintenance of chromatin structure during RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. Required for the transcriptional induction of heat shock response genes and for maximal recruitment of two other elongation factors, Spt5 and Paf1, to the induced Hsp70. Plays a critical role in normal fly development throughout the lifecycle. (UniProt, Q9W420)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Dspt6, l(1)G0063

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
5E4-5E4
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-16
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:6267797..6274984
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chromatin binding
inferred from direct assay
(Petruk et al., 2006)
enables RNA polymerase II complex binding
inferred from direct assay
(Saunders et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR028088
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables histone binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015765
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables nucleic acid binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003029
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables nucleosome binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015765
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jia et al., 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Valanne et al., 2010)
involved_in transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ardehali et al., 2009, Petruk et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006641, InterPro:IPR037027
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in nucleosome organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015765
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015765
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017072
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromosome, centromeric region
inferred from direct assay
(Bobkov et al., 2020)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
located_in histone locus body
inferred from direct assay
(White et al., 2011)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Petruk et al., 2006)
located_in polytene chromosome interband
inferred from direct assay
(Kaplan et al., 2000)
located_in polytene chromosome puff
inferred from direct assay
(Saunders et al., 2003, Andrulis et al., 2000, Kaplan et al., 2000)
part_of transcription elongation factor complex
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9V460
(Saunders et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of transcription elongation factor complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015765
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the SPT6 family. (Q9W420)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Histone H3-H4 chaperone that plays a role in maintenance of chromatin structure during RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. Required for the transcriptional induction of heat shock response genes and for maximal recruitment of two other elongation factors, Spt5 and Paf1, to the induced Hsp70. Plays a critical role in normal fly development throughout the lifecycle.
(UniProt, Q9W420)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription elongation factor implicated in RNA processing and degradation of improperly processed pre-mRNA

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Spt6 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W420)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Spt6-RA
FBtr0070896
NM_143705
6166
1831
Spt6-RB
FBtr0340027
NM_001298007
6070
1831
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Spt6-PA
FBpp0070861
208.6
1831
4.96
Q9W420
NP_651962
AAF46140
Spt6-PB
FBpp0309041
208.6
1831
4.96
Q9W420
NP_001284936
AHN59407
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1831 aa isoforms: Spt6-PA, Spt6-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Self associates. Interacts with RNA polymerase II. Interacts with the FACT complex, which is composed of dre4/Spt16 and Ssrp/Ssrp1. Interacts with the exosome, a complex with 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity which is composed of at least Csl4, Dis3, Mtr3, Rrp4, Rrp6, Rrp40, Rrp42, Rrp46 and Ski6. Interacts with the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor complex (the DSIF complex), which is composed of Spt4 and Spt5.

(UniProt, Q9W420)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Spt6 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.05

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromosome, centromeric region
inferred from direct assay
(Bobkov et al., 2020)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
located_in histone locus body
inferred from direct assay
(White et al., 2011)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Petruk et al., 2006)
located_in polytene chromosome interband
inferred from direct assay
(Kaplan et al., 2000)
located_in polytene chromosome puff
inferred from direct assay
(Saunders et al., 2003, Andrulis et al., 2000, Kaplan et al., 2000)
part_of transcription elongation factor complex
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9V460
(Saunders et al., 2003)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{PTT-GA}Spt6CA07692
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis & adult stage | female
germline stem cell
(Neumüller et al., 2012)
female germline cyst
(Neumüller et al., 2012)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Spt6 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Spt6
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Spt6
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\SUPT6H
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\SRBD1
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\EEPD1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Supt6h
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Srbd1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Eepd1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Supt6
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Srbd1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Eepd1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\supt6h
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\proc
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\sftpc
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\srbd1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\supt6h
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\srbd1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\eepd1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\emb-5
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ZK973.1
3 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003619
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT1G63210
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\GTB1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\SPT6
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\spt6
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\yhgF
2 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Spt6. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
CG31156
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Spt6HMS00364
    exacerbates  cancer
    modeled by RbfHMS03004
    (Parkhitko et al., 2021)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SUPT6H; SPT6 homolog, histone chaperone and transcription elongation factor
    14 of 14
    601333
         
        SRBD1; S1 RNA binding domain 1
        3 of 14
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Self associates. Interacts with RNA polymerase II. Interacts with the FACT complex, which is composed of dre4/Spt16 and Ssrp/Ssrp1. Interacts with the exosome, a complex with 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity which is composed of at least Csl4, Dis3, Mtr3, Rrp4, Rrp6, Rrp40, Rrp42, Rrp46 and Ski6. Interacts with the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor complex (the DSIF complex), which is composed of Spt4 and Spt5.
            (UniProt, Q9W420 )
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            X
            Recombination map
            1-16
            Cytogenetic map
            5E4-5E4
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            5E4-5E4
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1457EP1457&P{EP}CG5928EP1083 and P{EP}EP1311&P{EP}EP1384
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            5E1-5E2
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29)
            5E6-5E8
            (Chiang, 1998.11.4)
            5E1-5E8
            (Chiang et al., 1999)
            5E1-5E7
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            1-16

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            1-16.3

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (9)
            Genomic Clones (19)
            cDNA Clones (77)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               

              • New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : CRISPR/Cas9 used to tag endogenous Spt6 with GFP; stably transfected versions of the resulting Spt6-GFP cell line were generated with a small molecule inducible version of the geGradeFP system, a tamoxifen inducible HA-cid and/or a version of cid capable of recombination induced tag exchange (RITE).

                (Bobkov et al., 2020)
              Other Comments

              Spt6 may be involved in promoter-associated pausing and transcriptional elongation.

              (Andrulis et al., 2000)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: Spt6 l(1)G0063

              (Peter et al., 2002)
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG12225
              (Hosono et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ardehali et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Bourbon et al., 2002)
              Dspt6
              (Raja et al., 2010, Petruk et al., 2006, Chiang and Kurnit, 2003, Chiang et al., 1999)
              SPT6
              (Dorighi and Tamkun, 2013, Chiang, 1998.11.4)
              Spt6
              (Versluis et al., 2024, Escobedo et al., 2023, Ding et al., 2022, Akhtar et al., 2021, Parkhitko et al., 2021, Bobkov et al., 2020, Kurihara et al., 2020, Fingerhut et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Ramachandran et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Brewer-Jensen et al., 2016, Choudhury et al., 2016, Cugusi et al., 2015, Jia et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Neumüller et al., 2012, White et al., 2011, Avet-Rochex et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Zobeck et al., 2010, Zobeck et al., 2010, Ardehali et al., 2009, Ayroles et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Bhutkar et al., 2007, Bianco et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Yokoyama et al., 2007, Legube et al., 2006, Straub et al., 2005, Breiling et al., 2004)
              dSpt6
              (Houseley et al., 2005, Andrulis et al., 2002)
              dspt6
              (Buscaino et al., 2006, Mendjan et al., 2006)
              l(1)G0063
              (Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29, Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
              spt 6
              (Bourbon et al., 2002)
              spt6
              (Petruk et al., 2006, Petruk et al., 2006)
              Name Synonyms
              Spt6
              (Breiling et al., 2004)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0026691
              • FBgn0028682
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (89)