FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\spn-F
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\spn-F
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spn-F
Annotation Symbol
CG12114
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0086362
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
spn-F (spn-F) encodes a coiled-coil protein that forms part of the IKKε-jvl complex. Its roles include actin and microtubule organization during oocyte development and bristle growth. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Spindle-F

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
100B8-100B9
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-102
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:31255127..31256659
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q24117
(Otani et al., 2015)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9V3Y8
(Otani et al., 2015, Dubin-Bar et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bitan et al., 2010, Abdu et al., 2006)
involved_in intracellular protein localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Otani et al., 2015)
involved_in oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Amsalem et al., 2013)
involved_in oocyte axis specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Abdu et al., 2006)
involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization
inferred from direct assay
(Abdu et al., 2006)
involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Amsalem et al., 2013)
involved_in positive regulation of neuron remodeling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Amsalem et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Dubin-Bar et al., 2008)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Gillingham et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in perikaryon
inferred from experiment
(Lin et al., 2015)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
spn-F (spn-F) encodes a coiled-coil protein that forms part of the IKKε-jvl complex. Its roles include actin and microtubule organization during oocyte development and bristle growth. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays a role in oocyte axis determination and microtubule organization during oogenesis (PubMed:16540510, PubMed:24019068). Also required for polarized organization of the bristle (PubMed:19917727). Required, with jvl, for activation of the kinase IKKepsilon in the germ line (PubMed:24019068). Also required for localization of IKKepsilon to the distal tip of elongating bristles by acting as an adapter linking IKKepsilon and cytoplasmic dynein (PubMed:26092846). Involved in dendrite pruning in larval sensory neurons during metamorphosis (PubMed:26540204).
(UniProt, Q9V9Y9)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
spn-F: spindle F
Maternal-effect lethal. Similar to spn-A.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

an adaptor linking IKKε to cytoplasmic dynein - regulation of cytoskeleton organization - bristle cell elongation - central mediator of dendrite pruning in sensory neurons - regulation of oocyte polarity

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\spn-F for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V9Y9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
spn-F-RA
FBtr0085760
NM_143601
1465
364
spn-F-RB
FBtr0330079
NM_001276209
1465
376
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
spn-F-PA
FBpp0085122
40.9
364
4.96
Q9V9Y9
NP_651858
AAF57139
spn-F-PB
FBpp0303112
42.3
376
5.05
A0A0B4KI68
NP_001263138
AGB96517
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Forms homooligomers (PubMed:26540204). Interacts with the dynein light chain ctp (PubMed:16540510). Interacts (via C-terminus) with IKKepsilon; this leads to phosphorylation of spn-F (PubMed:18796167, PubMed:26092846). Forms ternary complexes with ctp and IKKepsilon; this is required for spn-F redistribution from puncta in larval neurons and for dendrite pruning (PubMed:26092846, PubMed:26540204). Interacts with ctp and IKKepsilon through distinct regions (PubMed:26092846). Interacts (via C-terminus) with jvl (PubMed:24019068).

(UniProt, Q9V9Y9)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated by IKKepsilon (PubMed:18796167, PubMed:26540204). Phosphorylation is required for spn-F neuronal distribution and dendrite pruning and reduces spn-F homooligomerization (PubMed:26540204). It does not lead to spn-F degradation (PubMed:18796167).

(UniProt, Q9V9Y9)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\spn-F using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.22

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pupal stage P7
macrochaeta | restricted

Comment: reference contains timepoints at 37 and 44 hours APF

(Bitan et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

spn-F immunoreactivity restricted to the tip of the developing macrochaeta.

(Bitan et al., 2010)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Dubin-Bar et al., 2008)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Gillingham et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\spn-F in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 30 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of spn-F
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of spn-F
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(3R)A177der21)
lethal | maternal effect
lethal | recessive
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
female sterile (with Df(3R)BSC793)
female sterile germline-dependent
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Df(3R)tll-e)
decreased fecundity | female
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
visible | adult stage
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin tubule
dendrite | pupal stage
dendrite | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG
dendrite | pupal stage (with Df(3R)tll-e)
dorsal appendage
dorsal appendage (with Df(3R)tll-e)
dorsal appendage | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
egg
egg (with Df(3R)tll-e)
embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
embryonic abdominal segment
embryonic head
macrochaeta
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
mesothoracic bristle
mesothoracic bristle, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
microtubule cytoskeleton
oocyte | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
oocyte nucleus
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000758
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:spn-F. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    spn-F
    suppressible
    IKKε
    (Otani et al., 2015, Amsalem et al., 2013)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    IKKε
    suppressible
    spn-F
    (Lin et al., 2015)
    jvl
    suppressible
    spn-F
    (Baskar et al., 2019)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Forms homooligomers (PubMed:26540204). Interacts with the dynein light chain ctp (PubMed:16540510). Interacts (via C-terminus) with IKKepsilon; this leads to phosphorylation of spn-F (PubMed:18796167, PubMed:26092846). Forms ternary complexes with ctp and IKKepsilon; this is required for spn-F redistribution from puncta in larval neurons and for dendrite pruning (PubMed:26092846, PubMed:26540204). Interacts with ctp and IKKepsilon through distinct regions (PubMed:26092846). Interacts (via C-terminus) with jvl (PubMed:24019068).
    (UniProt, Q9V9Y9 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-102
    Cytogenetic map
    100B8-100B9
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    100B8-100B9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Aph-407028&P{PZ}dcorK215 and P{PZ}l(3)rM731rM731
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-102

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-99.1

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-100

    (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (6)
    Genomic Clones (14)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (52)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Otani et al., 2015)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          spn-F is required for dendrite pruning in sensory neurons.

          (Lin et al., 2015)

          spn-F is required for ik2 function in the germ line but not in somatic follicle cells.

          (Amsalem et al., 2013)

          Flies double mutant for mei-W68 or lok and spn-F exhibit neither ventralisation nor the defects in appearance of the DNA within the oocyte nuclei of spn-F, indicating suppression of the spn-F phenotype.

          (Abdu et al., 2006)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: spn-F l(3)S113003b CG12114

          (Abdu et al., 2006)
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (51)