FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Smurf

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Smurf

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Annotation Symbol

CG4943

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0029006

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

13 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

Gene Summary

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Down-regulates Dpp signaling after gastrulation by promoting MAD ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. (UniProt, Q9V853)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

lack, dSmurf, lethal with a checkpoint kinase, Smurf1, dSmurf1

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

54C12-54D1

Sequence location

2R:17,592,791..17,604,461 [+]

Recombination map

2-83

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:17592791..17604461

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P42003

(Liang et al., 2003, Podos et al., 2001)

enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Huang et al., 2013, Xia et al., 2010, Liang et al., 2003)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Li et al., 2018)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008515277

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HAU4

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000569, InterPro:IPR035983

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (13 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Podos et al., 2001)

involved_in embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Podos et al., 2001)

involved_in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fu; FB:FBgn0001079

(Xia et al., 2010)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tkv; FB:FBgn0003716

(Xia et al., 2010)

involved_in male gamete generation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chang et al., 2013)

involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2023, Chang et al., 2013, Liang et al., 2003, Podos et al., 2001)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sog; FB:FBgn0003463

(Podos et al., 2001)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fu; FB:FBgn0001079

(Xia et al., 2010)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tkv; FB:FBgn0003716

(Xia et al., 2010)

involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wts; FB:FBgn0011739

(Cao et al., 2014)

involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Li et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018)

involved_in positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Li et al., 2018)

involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Huang et al., 2013)

involved_in protein ubiquitination

inferred from direct assay

(Xia et al., 2010, Liang et al., 2003)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Li et al., 2018)

involved_in regulation of growth

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tyler et al., 2007)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:RpL36; FB:FBgn0002579

(Tyler et al., 2007)

involved_in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Huang et al., 2013)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liang et al., 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002258298

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001679348

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Liu et al., 2023, Cao et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008515277

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

part_of ubiquitin ligase complex

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HAU4

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

HECT UBIQUITIN LIGASES

FUSED-SMURF UBIQUITIN LIGASE COMPLEX

Pathway (FlyBase)

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

HECT UBIQUITIN LIGASES -: E3 (ubiquitin) ligases interact with both ubiquitin-E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzymes and the target protein, transferring the ubiquitin from the E2 to the substrate. Members of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases are characterized by a C-terminal HECT domain. This catalytic domain forms an intermediate thioester bond with ubiquitin via a conserved Cys when transferring ubiquitin from the E2 to the target protein. (Adapted from FBrf0225009).
FUSED-SMURF UBIQUITIN LIGASE COMPLEX -: The FUSED-SMURF complex is ubiquitin ligase complex. (Adapted from FBrf0212535.)

Pathway (FlyBase)

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY -: The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Negative regulators of the pathway promote the nuclear accumulation of yki, enhancing yki-mediated transcriptional regulation and the expression of genes that positively regulate tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9V853)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates Decapentaplegic pathway signaling by targeting Mothers against Dpp for degradation - the F-box protein Slimb controls dSmurf protein turnover to regulate the Hippo pathway

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Smurf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9V853)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Smurf-RA

FBtr0086833

NM_079055

4885

1061

Smurf-RB

FBtr0333168

NM_001274132

5365

1061

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Smurf-PA

FBpp0086011

115.7

1061

9.30

FBpp0305371

115.7

1061

9.30

Q9V853

NP_001261061

AGB93593

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1061 aa isoforms: Smurf-PA, Smurf-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with phosphorylated MAD.

(UniProt, Q9V853)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Smurf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Smurf_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.12

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

wing pouch | restricted

(Molnar et al., 2012)

wing hinge primordium | restricted

(Molnar et al., 2012)

adult stage | female

germarium

(Xia et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male

spermatozoon

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Liu et al., 2023, Cao et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Smurf in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Smurf

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Smurf

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36999/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0029006

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0029006

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0029006

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4943

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0029006

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Smurf

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Smurf

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)Exel7149

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 3 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | rescuable maternal effect

Smurf^15C

lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

partially lethal | rescuable maternal effect

Smurf^11R

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Smurf^GD11480

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Smurf^GD11480

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Smurf^GD11480

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Smurf^GD11480

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Smurf^GD11480

abnormal cell shape, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

visible | recessive | somatic clone

Smurf^KG07014

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

amnioserosa | rescuable maternal effect

Smurf^15C

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | rescuable maternal effect

embryonic head | rescuable maternal effect

Smurf^15C

embryonic hindgut | rescuable maternal effect

Smurf^15C

eye | somatic clone

Smurf^KG07014

germline cell, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

leg, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Smurf^GD11480

spectrosome, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

stomodeum | dorsal | rescuable maternal effect

Smurf^15C

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Smurf^UAS.Tag:FLAG

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (45)

Hsap\SMURF2

14 of 14

Yes

Hsap\SMURF1

12 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

5 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (37)

Rnor\Smurf2

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Smurf1

12 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

5 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (40)

Mmus\Smurf2

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Smurf1

12 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

5 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (32)

Xtro\smurf1

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\smurf2

6 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (43)

Drer\smurf2

14 of 14

Yes

Drer\smurf1

12 of 14

Yes

5 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-37e10.1

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (13)

Cele\Y92H12A.2

5 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (24)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011242

12 of 12

Yes

4 of 12

4 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (19)

Atha\UPL1

4 of 13

Yes

Atha\UPL2

4 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)

Scer\RSP5

6 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (8)

Spom\pub1

7 of 12

Yes

Spom\pub3

7 of 12

Yes

Spom\pub2

5 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)

Ecol\ppiC

1 of 11

Yes

Ecol\surA

1 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Smurf. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (23)

8 of 13

8 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

hyd

2 of 13

Magi

2 of 13

Ufd4

2 of 13

yki

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

dod

1 of 13

kibra

1 of 13

Rcc1

1 of 13

Wwox

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

SMURF2; SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2

14 of 14

605532

SMURF1; SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1

12 of 14

605568

WWP1; WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1

5 of 14

602307

WWP2; WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2

5 of 14

602308

ITCH; itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

4 of 14

606409

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, MULTISYSTEM, WITH FACIAL DYSMORPHISM; ADMFD

NEDD4; NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

4 of 14

602278

NEDD4L; NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

4 of 14

606384

PERIVENTRICULAR NODULAR HETEROTOPIA 7; PVNH7

HACE1; HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1

3 of 14

610876

SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA AND PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION WITH OR WITHOUT SEIZURES; SPPRS

HECW1; HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1

3 of 14

610384

HECW2; HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2

3 of 14

617245

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HYPOTONIA, SEIZURES, AND ABSENT LANGUAGE; NDHSAL

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Smurf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Smurf - Gprk2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Smurf - IntS11

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liu et al., 2023)

Smurf - IntS8

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liu et al., 2023)

Smurf - IntS9

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Liu et al., 2023)

Smurf - Mad

two hybrid, enzymatic study, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, western blot

(Liu et al., 2023, Zhao et al., 2023, Liang et al., 2003)

Smurf - Ndfip

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Dalton et al., 2011)

Smurf - Smox

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liang et al., 2003)

Smurf - ed

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Lin et al., 2017)

Smurf - fu

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Xia et al., 2010)

Smurf - omd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liu et al., 2023)

Smurf - ptc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Li et al., 2018, Huang et al., 2013)

Smurf - smo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018, Huang et al., 2013)

Smurf - tkv

enzymatic study, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Liu et al., 2023, Xia et al., 2010)

Smurf - wts

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Hu et al., 2017, Cao et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Smurf

suppressible

dpp

(Podos et al., 2001)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

csw

enhanceable

Smurf

(Oishi et al., 2006)

dpp

suppressible

Smurf

(Podos et al., 2001)

Med

suppressible

Smurf

(Podos et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Liu et al., 2023)

enhanceable

(Podos et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Xia et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Cao et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Cao et al., 2014)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with phosphorylated MAD.

(UniProt, Q9V853 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

62687

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0029006

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36999

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36999

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF BMP SIGNALING PATHWAY

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9V853

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-83

Cytogenetic map

54C12-54D1

Sequence location

2R:17,592,791..17,604,461 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

54C12-54D1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)10505¹⁰⁵⁰⁵ and P{lacW}l(2)k07509^k07509&P{EP}CG10934^EP538

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

54C-54D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Podos, 2000.3.18)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-83

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-86.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (13)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

43483

w^*; P{GSV1}Smurf^s-160

81746

y¹ v¹; P{TKO.GS04683}attP40

14509

y¹; P{SUPor-P}Smurf^KG07014/CyO

44700

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Smurf^MI07104

40905

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS02153}attP40

33204

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Smurf^MI02327 ND-51L1^MI02327

81724

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{SAM.dCas9.GS04020}attP40

NIG-Fly

4943R-1

P{NIG.4943R}1

4943R-2

P{NIG.4943R}2

HMS02153

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS02153}attP40

VDRC

v107349

P{KK103197}VIE-260B

v24680

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD11480}v24680

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (24)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (121)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD06566

Other clones

DPiM_LD06566

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0029006

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0029006

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Liu et al., 2023, Chang et al., 2013, Xia et al., 2010)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

The lack product negatively regulates dac expression in the embryonic head.

(Anderson et al., 2006)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic lack function die with an apparently normal dorsal-ventral pattern but with a cuticular phenotype. The lethal phenotype is suppressed by a reduction in dpp⁺ gene dosage.

(Podos and Ferguson, 2000)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: lack CG4943

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.8.7)

Source for merge of: lack Smurf1

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of lack Smurf1 was sequence comparison ( date:020416 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Smurf lack

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Nomenclature comments

Renamed from 'lack' to 'Smurf' to reflect the nomenclature used in the first peer-reviewed paper to characterise the gene (FBrf0141457) and preferred usage in the literature since.

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (19)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG4943

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Holloway et al., 2008)

D-smurf

(Le Borgne et al., 2005)

DSmurf

(Li and Li, 2006, Wang and Ferguson, 2004, Arora and Warrior, 2001, Podos et al., 2001)

Dsmurf

(Akbar et al., 2007, Tyler et al., 2007, Akbar et al., 2005, Chen and McKearin, 2005, Wilkin et al., 2001)

LACK

(Rotin and Kumar, 2009)

Lack

(Martin et al., 2007)

SMURF

(Zhao et al., 2023, Rotin and Kumar, 2009)

Smurf ubiquitin ligase

(Ashe, 2006)

d-smurf

(Fuller and Spradling, 2007)

dSmurf

(Long et al., 2025, Hu et al., 2017, Cao et al., 2014, Deshpande et al., 2014, Lu et al., 2012, Dalton et al., 2011, Harris and Ashe, 2011, Eivers et al., 2009, Rotin and Kumar, 2009, Massagué et al., 2005, Whitman and Raftery, 2005, Liang et al., 2003)

dSmurf1

(Podos and Ferguson, 2000, Podos and Ferguson, 2000)

lack

(de Celis et al., 2013.9.11, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Du et al., 2011, Raja et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Holloway et al., 2008, Junion et al., 2007, Xing et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Anderson et al., 2006, Li and Li, 2006, Oishi et al., 2006, Stanyon et al., 2004)

smurf

(Sullivan and Bashaw, 2025, Gonçalves Antunes et al., 2022, Du et al., 2020, Cai et al., 2019, Wisotzkey et al., 2014, Huang et al., 2013, Xia et al., 2010)

Name Synonyms

SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor

(Harris and Ashe, 2011)

Smurf

(Harrison et al., 2020, Casanueva and Ferguson, 2004)

Smurf E3 ligase

(Huang et al., 2013)

Smurf1

(Podos, 2000.3.18)

lethal with a checkpoint kinase

(Xing et al., 2007, Anderson et al., 2006, Laurencon, 1999.12.14)

smurf

(Salz et al., 2017)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0034252
FBgn0041185

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

36999

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9V853

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9V853

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0B4KFU5

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9V853

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36999/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0029006

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0029006

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0029006

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG4943

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

36999

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

62687

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0029006

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0029006

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0029006

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Smurf_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0029006

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0029006

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4943

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0029006

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0029006

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC006704

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36999

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36999

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9V853

References (124)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

1.12

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