FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
Gene: Dmel\cort
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\cort
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
cortex
Annotation Symbol
CG11330
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000351
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
cortex (cort) encodes a member of the Cdc20 family of activators of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). It activates the APC specifically in the oocyte to release the metaphase I arrest, permitting completion of meiosis and several egg activation events. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
26F7-26F7
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-21
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:6674682..6676635
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables anaphase-promoting complex binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Cdc27; FB:FBgn0012058
(Pesin and Orr-Weaver, 2007)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Cdc16; FB:FBgn0025781
(Pesin and Orr-Weaver, 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables anaphase-promoting complex binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000460086
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR033010
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables ubiquitin ligase activator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000460086
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR033010
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Swan and Schupbach, 2007)
involved_in cellularization
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)
involved_in egg activation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tadros et al., 2003)
involved_in female meiosis II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Swan and Schupbach, 2007)
involved_in female meiosis I
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fzy; FB:FBgn0001086
(Swan and Schupbach, 2007)
involved_in female meiotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chu et al., 2001)
involved_in pole cell formation
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)
involved_in positive regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pesin and Orr-Weaver, 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000460086
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in homologous chromosome segregation
traceable author statement
(Johnstone and Lasko, 2001)
involved_in positive regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000460086
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Chu et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of anaphase-promoting complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000460086
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group / Complex (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the WD repeat CORT family. (Q960N3)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
cortex (cort) encodes a member of the Cdc20 family of activators of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). It activates the APC specifically in the oocyte to release the metaphase I arrest, permitting completion of meiosis and several egg activation events. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Female meiosis-specific activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) (PubMed:17251266, PubMed:18020708). Required for the completion of meiosis in oocytes (PubMed:10683177, PubMed:10924478, PubMed:11252055, PubMed:17251266, PubMed:18020708). Activates the ubiquitin ligase activity and substrate specificity of APC/C and triggers the sequential degradation of mitotic cyclins in meiosis (PubMed:17251266, PubMed:18020708). Promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of CycA early in meiosis I and the degradation of CycB and CycB3 after egg activation (PubMed:18020708). Promotes degradation of mtrm at the oocyte-to-embryo transition (PubMed:24019759).
(UniProt, Q960N3)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
cort: cortex (T. Schupbach)
Maternal-effect lethal mutant; homozygous females lay eggs in which a narrow halo of clear cytoplasm appears in the cortex around the time when nuclei would be expected to migrate to the periphery, but no cellularization takes place.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a meiosis-specific anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activator - functions together Fizzy to target mitotic cyclins for destruction in the egg

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\cort for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q960N3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
cort-RA
FBtr0079320
NM_078770
1655
483
cort-RB
FBtr0333350
NM_001273215
1587
483
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
cort-PA
FBpp0078949
55.6
483
9.52
Q960N3
NP_523494
AAF52421
cort-PB
FBpp0305542
55.6
483
9.52
Q960N3
NP_001260144
AGB92680
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

483 aa isoforms: cort-PA, cort-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunits Cdc16 and Cdc27 (PubMed:18020708). Interacts with mtrm (PubMed:24019759).

(UniProt, Q960N3)
Post Translational Modification

Probably ubiquitinated: degraded following egg activation by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).

(UniProt, Q960N3)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\cort using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.21

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Chu et al., 2001)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\cort in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of cort
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of cort
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Hsap\CDC20B
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\CDC20
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FZR1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SMU1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\WDR33
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Cdc20
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Fzr1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Smu1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Wdr33
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
Mmus\Cdc20b
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Cdc20
3 of 14
Yes
No
2  
Mmus\Fzr1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Smu1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wdr33
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wdr38
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\cdc20b
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\cdc20
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\coro7
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\gnb5
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\poc1b
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\smu1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\cdc20
2 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\fzr1a
2 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\fzr1b
2 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\nup37
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pwp2h
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\smu1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\strn
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\fzr-1
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\fzy-1
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\pfs-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\W07E6.2
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011622
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002114
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009338
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011621
2 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001362
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002221
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010318
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (13)
Atha\AT5G27945
3 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CDC20.1
3 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CDC20.2
3 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CDC20.3
3 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CDC20.4
3 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CDC20.5
3 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CCS52A2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\FZR2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\FZR3
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G42660
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G52820
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\TEX1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WPP3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\AMA1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\CDC20
2 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\CDH1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\PFS2
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (6)
Spom\slp1
3 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\mfr1
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\mug55
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPAC13G6.08
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\srw1
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\pfs2
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:cort. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
fzr2
3 of 13
fzr
3 of 13
fzy
3 of 13
Gβ5
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CDC20B; cell division cycle 20B
    3 of 14
    620335
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        cort
        suppressible
        Cks30A
        (Swan and Schupbach, 2007)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        grau
        enhanceable
        cort
        (Chen et al., 2000)
        grau
        suppressible
        cort
        (Harms et al., 2000)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Interacts with anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunits Cdc16 and Cdc27 (PubMed:18020708). Interacts with mtrm (PubMed:24019759).
        (UniProt, Q960N3 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2L
        Recombination map
        2-21
        Cytogenetic map
        26F7-26F7
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        26F7-26F7
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        26F-27A
        (Chu, 2001.4.26)
        27A-27A
        (Chu et al., 1999)
        Mapped using site-specific male recombination using P-elements.
        (Chu et al., 1999)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-21

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-21.5

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        2-49

        (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)
        Left of (cM)
        (Chu et al., 2001)
        (Chen et al., 1998)
        (Chen and Chu, 1998.3.13)
        Right of (cM)
        (Chu et al., 2001)
        Notes

        Mapping uses male recombination stimulated by P\TΔ2-3.

        (Chen et al., 1998)
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (10)
        Genomic Clones (16)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (1)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  cort and fzy are required for anaphase progression in both female meiotic divisions, performing partially redundant roles in meiosis I and non-redundant roles in meiosis II.

                  (Swan and Schupbach, 2007)

                  Eggs derived from mutant females arrest in metaphase of meiosis II.

                  (Swan and Schupbach, 2007)

                  cort and grau genes are necessary for bcd protein expression. Mutations in cort impair bcd and other maternal patterning genes mRNA translation by disrupting cytoplasmic polyadenylation. bcd mRNA expression, localisation or processing are not affected. Mutations in cort do not block poly(A)-independent translational activation of nos mRNA. Phenotypic analysis demonstrates cort is required for initiation of development. Homozygous germ-line clones indicate cort is required in the germ-line. Temperature shift studies reveal cort is required at multiple stages of embryonic development.

                  (Lieberfarb et al., 1996)

                  grau and cort are involved in the developmental signalling of the completion of meiosis in females.

                  (Page and Orr-Weaver, 1996)

                  Mutations in cort result in a maternal effect phenotype with defects during syncytial blastoderm formation.

                  (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989)
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of

                  Source for merge of: cort CG11330

                  (FlyBase, 1996-)
                  Additional comments

                  Source for merge of cort CG11330 was sequence comparison ( date:010530 ).

                  (FlyBase, 1996-)
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of
                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 42 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                  MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
                  References (85)