FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Gγ1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Gγ1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
G protein gamma subunit 1
Annotation Symbol
CG8261
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004921
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
20 publicly available
Gene Summary
G protein γ 1 (Gγ1) encodes a protein involved in the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. Gγ1-product regulates actomyosin dynamics and contributes to heart morphogenesis, asymmetric neuroblast division and convergent extension movements during gastrulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Gγ, D-Gγ1, l(2)k08017, bro4, G protein gamma 1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
44F3-44F5
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-59
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:8901404..8904791
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables G-protein beta-subunit binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001770
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Izumi et al., 2004)
involved_in cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2008)
involved_in convergent extension involved in gastrulation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerridge et al., 2016)
involved_in dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2008)
involved_in embryonic heart tube development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2006)
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerridge et al., 2016)
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
inferred from direct assay
(Kunwar et al., 2008)
involved_in heart process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2008)
involved_in mesectoderm development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerridge et al., 2016)
involved_in proboscis extension reflex
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ishimoto et al., 2005)
involved_in regulation of gastrulation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerridge et al., 2016)
involved_in regulation of myosin II filament organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerridge et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apical protein localization
traceable author statement
(Betschinger and Knoblich, 2004)
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001770, InterPro:IPR015898, InterPro:IPR036284
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Katanayeva et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001770
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the G protein gamma family. (P38040)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
G protein γ 1 (Gγ1) encodes a protein involved in the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. Gγ1-product regulates actomyosin dynamics and contributes to heart morphogenesis, asymmetric neuroblast division and convergent extension movements during gastrulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN GAMMA SUBUNITS -
The Heterotrimeric G-protein gamma subunits (Gγ) associate with Gβ (Gβγ) to form a functional heterodimer. When Gα is bound to GDP, Gβγ associates with Gα to form an heterotrimer (Gαβγ), which prevents Gβγ from activating its effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0209904 and FBrf0183798).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
(UniProt, P38040)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Gγ1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P38040)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Gγ1-RA
FBtr0088645
NM_165631
2554
70
Gγ1-RB
FBtr0088646
NM_165632
1084
70
Gγ1-RC
FBtr0088647
NM_078938
831
70
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.6, 1.3, 1.1 (northern blot)

(Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Gγ1-PA
FBpp0087726
8.1
70
5.82
P38040
NP_724718
AAF59030
Gγ1-PB
FBpp0087727
8.1
70
5.82
P38040
NP_724719
AAM71086
Gγ1-PC
FBpp0087728
8.1
70
5.82
P38040
NP_523662
AAM71087
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

70 aa isoforms: Gγ1-PA, Gγ1-PB, Gγ1-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

70 (aa); 8 (kD predicted)

(Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.

(UniProt, P38040)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Gγ1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.99

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Izumi et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 15
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: reference states 7-12 hr AEL

(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 17
embryonic brain

Comment: reference states 18-21 hr AEL

(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system

Comment: reference states 18-21 hr AEL

(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
larval ventral nerve cord

Comment: reference states 18-21 hr AEL

(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
third instar larval stage
larval brain
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
imaginal disc
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
adult stage
gnathal ganglion
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
thorax
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
head
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
adult stage | female
adult thorax
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
adult abdomen
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
adult stage | male
adult thorax
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
adult abdomen
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain
(Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
adult head
(Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
adult optic lobe
(Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
(Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
ovary
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
adult stage & oogenesis
oocyte
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
nurse cell
(Ray and Ganguly, 1994)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Boto et al., 2010)
third segment of antenna
(Boto et al., 2010)
maxillary palp
(Boto et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

RT-PCR analysis shows that Gγ1 transcript is expressed in the adult head, third segment of the antenna and maxillary palps.

(Boto et al., 2010)

Expressed ubiquitously during all stages of embryogenesis.

(Izumi et al., 2004)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Katanayeva et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Gγ1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Gγ1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Gγ1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell polarity
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neurophysiology | recessive
abnormal neurophysiology | somatic clone
abnormal pain response | early third instar larval stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4ppk.1.9
abnormal taste perception | recessive
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
dorsal vessel wall cell
dorsal vessel wall cell (with Df(2R)H3E1)
ectoderm | germline clone
embryo | gastrula stage | germline clone
embryonic neuroblast
embryonic pericardial cell
embryonic pericardial cell (with Df(2R)H3E1)
ganglion mother cell
ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
mesoderm | germline clone
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
neuroblast
posterior fused midgut primordium | germline clone
spindle & neuroblast
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (22)
Hsap\GNG12
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\GNG2
8 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GNG7
8 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GNG3
7 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GNG4
7 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GNG5
7 of 14
No
Yes
2  
Hsap\GNG8
7 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GNG10
7 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GNG14
7 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GNG11
5 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GNGT1
3 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\GNGT2
3 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\GNG13
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF3A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\KIF3B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF3C
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF15
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF26A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KIF26B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RGS6
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (24)
Rnor\Gng12
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gng7
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gng14
9 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gng3
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gng4
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gng5
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gng8
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gng10
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC108349548
8 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC108352369
7 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gng2
6 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gng11
6 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gngt1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gngt2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gng13
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif3a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif3b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif3c
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif9
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif12
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif26a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kif26b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rgs7
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (26)
Mmus\Gng12
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gng7
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm5741
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gng2
8 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gng4
8 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gng8
8 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gng10
8 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm4356
7 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gng3
7 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gng5
7 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gng11
5 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gngt1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gngt2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gng5-ps
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gng13
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif3a
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Mmus\Kif3b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif3c
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif9
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif12
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif26a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kif26b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rgs6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rgs7
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (14)
Xtro\gng12
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\gng3
8 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gng7
8 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gng10
8 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\dact3
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gng2
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gng4
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gngt2.1
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gngt2
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gngt1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\bbs2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gng5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gng13
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mir132
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (31)
Drer\gng12a
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gng12b
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gng7
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gng3
8 of 14
No
No
Drer\gng5
8 of 14
No
No
Drer\gng8
8 of 14
No
No
Drer\gng10
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gng14
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:dkey-204f11.64
8 of 14
No
No
Drer\gng2
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-286b5.5
7 of 14
No
No
Drer\gngt2b
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gngt1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gngt2a
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gng4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gng13a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gng13b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif3cb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif3c
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif15
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif17
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif26aa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif26ab
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif26ba
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kif26bb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rgs6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rgs7a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rgs11
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\gpc-1
9 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\gpc-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\klp-18
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\klp-20
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010589
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000232
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002427
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003323
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008357
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009953
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010396
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011874
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\AT3G20150
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT3G44050
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\KINESIN-12B
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\PAKRP1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\POK2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Gγ1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (7)
CG43324
8 of 13
CG14535
1 of 13
Gγ30A
1 of 13
Kif3C
1 of 13
Klp54D
1 of 13
Klp64D
1 of 13
Klp68D
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Gγ1JF01954
    model of  obesity
    CEA
    (Baumbach et al., 2014)
    Gγ1GD13720
    model of  obesity
    CEA
    (Baumbach et al., 2014)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    GNG12; G protein subunit gamma 12
    10 of 14
    615405
        GNG2; G protein subunit gamma 2
        8 of 14
        606981
             
            GNG7; G protein subunit gamma 7
            8 of 14
            604430
                GNG3; G protein subunit gamma 3
                7 of 14
                608941
                     
                    GNG4; G protein subunit gamma 4
                    7 of 14
                    604388
                         
                        GNG5; G protein subunit gamma 5
                        7 of 14
                        600874
                             
                            GNG8; G protein subunit gamma 8
                            7 of 14
                                GNG10; G protein subunit gamma 10
                                7 of 14
                                604389
                                     
                                    GNG14; G protein subunit gamma 14
                                    7 of 14
                                        GNG11; G protein subunit gamma 11
                                        5 of 14
                                        604390
                                            GNGT1; G protein subunit gamma transducin 1
                                            3 of 14
                                            189970
                                                 
                                                GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2
                                                3 of 14
                                                139391
                                                     
                                                    Functional Complementation Data
                                                    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                                    Interactions
                                                    Summary of Physical Interactions
                                                    Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                                    Interaction Browsers
                                                    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                                    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                                                    Starting gene(s)
                                                    Interaction type
                                                    Interacting gene(s)
                                                    Reference
                                                    Starting gene(s)
                                                    Interaction type
                                                    Interacting gene(s)
                                                    Reference
                                                    Gαo
                                                    suppressible
                                                    Gγ1
                                                    (Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)
                                                    TkR99D
                                                    suppressible
                                                    Gγ1
                                                    (Im et al., 2015)
                                                    External Data
                                                    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                                                    G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.
                                                    (UniProt, P38040 )
                                                    Linkouts
                                                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                                    Pathways
                                                    Class of Gene
                                                    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                                    Chromosome (arm)
                                                    2R
                                                    Recombination map
                                                    2-59
                                                    Cytogenetic map
                                                    44F3-44F5
                                                    Sequence location
                                                    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                                    Cytogenetic map
                                                    Evidence for location
                                                    44F3-44F5
                                                    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Dmnk16109&P{lacW}Gγ1k08017 and P{lacW}babok16912
                                                    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                                    Cytogenetic map
                                                    Notes
                                                    References
                                                    44F3-44F4
                                                    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                                                    (Spradling et al., 1999)
                                                    44F3-44F4
                                                    (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                                                    44C-44D
                                                    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                                                    (Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
                                                    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                                    Location

                                                    2-59

                                                    (FlyBase, 2016)

                                                    2-57.9

                                                    (Comeron et al., 2012)
                                                    Left of (cM)
                                                    Right of (cM)
                                                    Notes
                                                    Stocks and Reagents
                                                    Stocks (20)
                                                    Genomic Clones (10)
                                                     

                                                    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                                                    cDNA Clones (179)
                                                     

                                                    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                                    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                                    BDGP DGC clones
                                                    Other clones
                                                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                                    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                                    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                                    BDGP DGC clones
                                                    Other clones
                                                    RNAi and Array Information
                                                    Linkouts
                                                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                    Antibody Information
                                                    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                                     
                                                    Commercially Available Antibodies
                                                     
                                                    Cell Line Information
                                                    Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                                     
                                                      Other Stable Cell Lines
                                                       
                                                        Other Comments

                                                        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

                                                        (Kiger et al., 2003)

                                                        RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: increased or polarized (uneven) accumulation of F-actin ; cells become round and detached.

                                                        (Kiger et al., 2003)

                                                        The genomic organisation and expression pattern of the Gγ1 locus has been analysed.

                                                        (Ray and Ganguly, 1994)

                                                        Gγ1 has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern analysed.

                                                        (Ray and Ganguly, 1992)
                                                        Relationship to Other Genes
                                                        Source for database merge of

                                                        Source for merge of: Gγ1 l(2)k08017

                                                        (Spradling et al., 1999)
                                                        Additional comments
                                                        Nomenclature History
                                                        Source for database identify of
                                                        Nomenclature comments
                                                        Etymology
                                                        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (23)
                                                        Reported As
                                                        Symbol Synonym
                                                        CG8261
                                                        (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Meadows, 2019.11.20, Hanlon and Andrew, 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Cammarato et al., 2011, Boto et al., 2010, Khanna et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009.1.15)
                                                        D-Gγ1
                                                        (Edwalds-Gilbert et al., 1997, Ray and Ganguly, 1994, Ray and Ganguly, 1992, Ray and Ganguly, 1991)
                                                        G protein γ
                                                        (Rojas et al., 2020)
                                                        Gγ1
                                                        (Boto et al., 2010)
                                                        Gγ
                                                        (Montell, 2000)
                                                        GNG13
                                                        (Krishnan et al., 2015)
                                                        Gbetagamma
                                                        (Kaltschmidt and Brand, 2002)
                                                        Gg1
                                                        (Boyle and Berg, 2007)
                                                        Ggamma-1
                                                        (Huber et al., 1999)
                                                        Ggamma1
                                                        (Deshpande et al., 2023, Pang et al., 2021, Kitatani et al., 2020, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Kline et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Hooper, 2013.5.30, Hooper, 2013.6.26, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Neumüller et al., 2011, Bakal et al., 2007, Burgler and Macdonald, 2005, Spradling et al., 1999)
                                                        Gγ
                                                        (Musselman and Kühnlein, 2018, Hanlon and Andrew, 2015, Egger-Adam and Katanaev, 2010, David et al., 2005, Bardin et al., 2004)
                                                        Gγ1
                                                        (Durel et al., 2025, Bossen et al., 2023, Karki et al., 2023, Heier et al., 2021, Li et al., 2021, Gheisari et al., 2020, Paré and Zallen, 2020, Toprak et al., 2020, Garcia De Las Bayonas et al., 2019, Katanaev et al., 2018, Mortensen et al., 2018, Tsai et al., 2018, LeBlanc and Lehmann, 2017, Deshpande et al., 2016, Kerridge et al., 2016, Hanlon and Andrew, 2015, Im et al., 2015, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Faisal et al., 2014, Vecsey et al., 2014, Deshpande et al., 2013, Kanesaki et al., 2013, Boto et al., 2010, Boyle et al., 2010, Egger-Adam and Katanaev, 2010, Katanayeva et al., 2010, Yao and Carlson, 2010, Deshpande et al., 2009, Ricardo and Lehmann, 2009, Kunwar et al., 2008, Yi et al., 2008, Nurminsky, 2007, Yi, 2006, Yi et al., 2006, David et al., 2005, Hampoelz et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2005)
                                                        bro4
                                                        (Boto et al., 2010, Yi, 2006, Yi et al., 2006)
                                                        dg1α
                                                        (Buchner, 1991)
                                                        gγ1
                                                        (Deshpande et al., 2013)
                                                        l(2)k08017
                                                        (Dockendorff et al., 2000, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                                                        Name Synonyms
                                                        G protein Gg1
                                                        (Yi et al., 2007)
                                                        G protein gamma 1
                                                        (Faisal et al., 2014, Cammarato et al., 2011)
                                                        G protein gamma subunit 1
                                                        G protein subunit γ1
                                                        (Morozova et al., 2006)
                                                        G protein γ 1
                                                        (Khanna et al., 2010)
                                                        G protein γ1
                                                        (Wu et al., 2008)
                                                        G-protein gamma subunit 1
                                                        (Ishimoto et al., 2005)
                                                        Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                                        • FBgn0022062
                                                        Datasets (0)
                                                        Study focus (0)
                                                        Experimental Role
                                                        Project
                                                        Project Type
                                                        Title
                                                        Study result (0)
                                                        Result
                                                        Result Type
                                                        Title
                                                        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 67 )
                                                        Sequence Crossreferences
                                                        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                                        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                                        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                                        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                                        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                                        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                                        Other crossreferences
                                                        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                                        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                                        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                                        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                                        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                                        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                                        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                                        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                                        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                                        Linkouts
                                                        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                                        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                                        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                                        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                                        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                                        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                                        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                                        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                                        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                                        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                                        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                                        Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
                                                        References (141)