FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Gαo

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

Gene: Dmel\Gαo

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Gαo

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

G protein alpha subunit o

Annotation Symbol

CG2204

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0001122

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

74 publicly available

Gene Summary

G protein α o subunit (Gαo) encodes the most abundant G protein in the nervous tissue and is involved in signaling by a variety of GPCRs. It contributes to heart development, axonogenesis, neuro-muscular junction formation, asymmetric cell division, planar cell polarity, blood-brain barrier establishment, Wnt signaling, and gustatory and olfactory sensory perception. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

G-oα47A, G-oalpha47A, Go, Goα, Gα_o

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:10,437,985..10,465,701 [+]

Recombination map

2-62

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:10437985..10465701

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (26 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables GTP binding

inferred from direct assay

(Cooper et al., 2011)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dhit; FB:FBgn0028743

(Lin et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables G protein-coupled receptor binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001019, InterPro:IPR001408

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables GTP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001408

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables GTPase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001019, InterPro:IPR001408

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables guanyl nucleotide binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001019

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (17 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in asymmetric cell division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)

involved_in axon ensheathment in central nervous system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

involved_in behavioral response to starvation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Koon and Budnik, 2012)

involved_in calcium-mediated signaling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ignatious Raja et al., 2014)

involved_in cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yi et al., 2008)

involved_in cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

involved_in establishment of glial blood-brain barrier

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Katanaev et al., 2005)

involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

involved_in negative regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Koon and Budnik, 2012)

involved_in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Katanaev et al., 2005)

involved_in sensory perception of sweet taste

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bredendiek et al., 2011)

involved_in septate junction assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

involved_in ventral cord development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001408

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001019, InterPro:IPR001408

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in heart development

traceable author statement

(Cripps and Olson, 2002)

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011025

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Katanayeva et al., 2010)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Tan et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000026392

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNITS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily. (P16378)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

GTPase activity
RHEA 19669:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

G protein α o subunit (Gαo) encodes the most abundant G protein in the nervous tissue and is involved in signaling by a variety of GPCRs. It contributes to heart development, axonogenesis, neuro-muscular junction formation, asymmetric cell division, planar cell polarity, blood-brain barrier establishment, Wnt signaling, and gustatory and olfactory sensory perception. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNITS -: The Heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunits (Gα) can bind guanine nucleotide. When inactive, Gα is bound to GDP and associates with Gβγ forming an heterotrimer. Upon GTP binding, Gα dissociates from the heterotrimer Gαβγ. Gα has an intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity. (Adapted from FBrf0209904 and FBrf0183798).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Plays a role in glial cell differentiation during embryogenesis; loco, Galphai and the G-protein coupled receptor, moody, are required in the surface glia to achieve effective insulation of the nerve cord.

(UniProt, P16378)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Gα47A: G protein α subunit at 47A

Encodes a G protein α subunit that is expressed mainly in the nervous system (DeSousa et al., 1989; Thambi et al., 1989) and shows homology to mammalian Goα. Low levels of this G protein are found in the embryo until completion of germband shortening; then high levels begin to be expressed in the neuropil (Wolfgang, et al., 1990).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

G protein alpha subunit - regulates mesenchymal-epithelial transition that takes place in cardial cells and precursor cells of the visceral musculature

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

10

Number of Unique Polypeptides

3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Gαo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P16378)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0088266

3462

354

FBtr0088264

2312

354

FBtr0088265

2367

354

FBtr0088267

2239

354

FBtr0088268

2294

354

FBtr0088269

2212

354

FBtr0088270

2322

354

FBtr0088271

2194

354

FBtr0088272

5457

354

FBtr0333064

1785

127

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0087361

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0087359

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0087360

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0087362

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0087363

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0087364

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0087365

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0089315

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0089316

40.5

354

5.20

FBpp0305278

14.6

127

4.48

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

354 aa isoforms: Gαo-PB, Gαo-PD, Gαo-PE, Gαo-PF, Gαo-PG, Gαo-PH

354 aa isoforms: Gαo-PA, Gαo-PC, Gαo-PI

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

39-40 (kD)

(Guillen et al., 1990)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.

(UniProt, P16378)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Gαo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.73

Transcript Expression

distribution deduced from reporter

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 13

embryonic dorsal vessel

(Zaffran et al., 2001)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Zaffran et al., 2001)

visceral trunk mesoderm of midgut

(Zaffran et al., 2001)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11

cardiogenic mesoderm | segmentally repeated

Comment: one cell cluster per segment

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

trunk visceral muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012, Fremion et al., 1999)

dorsal vessel primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal vessel specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 13

embryonic cardioblast

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 11 -- 15

procephalic neuroblast

(Fremion et al., 1999)

neuroblast of ventral nervous system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 12 -- 15

neuroblast of larval central nervous system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 13 -- 14

dorsal vessel primordium

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval visceral muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

embryonic visceral muscle cell

(Fremion et al., 1999)

neuron of larval peripheral nervous system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

embryonic dorsal vessel

(Fremion et al., 1999)

neuron of larval central nervous system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- pupal stage

(Wolfgang et al., 1991)

embryonic stage 1 -- 4

Comment: reference states 0-2 hr AEL

(Wolfgang et al., 1991)

radioisotope in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage & oogenesis

(Wolfgang et al., 1991)

(Wolfgang et al., 1991)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Boto et al., 2010)

third segment of antenna

(Boto et al., 2010)

Comment: all isoforms except Go-RA, Go-RC and Go-RI (G-oα47A-RA, G-oα47A-RC and G-oα47A-RI)

(Boto et al., 2010)

(Yao and Carlson, 2010)

(Bredendiek et al., 2011)

adult stage | male

(McGurk et al., 2008)

Additional Descriptive Data

RT-PCR analysis shows that all isoforms of G-oα47A except G-oα47A-RA, G-oα47A-RC and G-oα47A-RI are expressed in the adult head, third segment of the antenna and maxillary palps. The latter 3 isoforms are only detected in the adult head and third segment of the antenna.

(Boto et al., 2010)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

larval digestive system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

larval central nervous system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Fremion et al., 1999)

lamina | restricted

(Wolfgang et al., 1990)

adult antennal nerve | restricted

(Wolfgang et al., 1990)

adult brain cell body rind

(Wolfgang et al., 1990)

ocellar nerve | proximal

(Wolfgang et al., 1990)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Up to stage 13 of embryogenesis, G-oα47A protein is detected only at low levels. After germ band retraction, and through the rest of embryogenesis, G-oα47A protein is detected in the neuropil of the brain and ventral ganglion.

(Wolfgang et al., 1991)

G-oα47A protein is more abundant in heads than bodies. No changes in protein levels were seen in para, sev, ora and norpA mutants. G-oα47A protein levels are decreased in gust mutants and increased in Adcy1, Pde4 and tur mutants and the over-expression is sex-dependent in the Adcy1 mutant.

(Guillen et al., 1990)

G-oα47A protein is detected in the neuropil of the brain and the thoracic ganglion, and at lower levels in cortical regions. Some staining was detected in the distal lamina and in the synaptic zone of the lamina. The proximal half of the ocellar nerve, and a bundle of axons in the antennal nerve also stained for G-oα47A protein.

(Wolfgang et al., 1990)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Katanayeva et al., 2010)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Tan et al., 2009)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{lacW}Gαo^k06915

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

embryonic/larval gut

(Fremion et al., 1999)

Reporter: P{lacW}Gαo^k07810

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

larval digestive system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

larval central nervous system

(Fremion et al., 1999)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Fremion et al., 1999)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Gαo in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Gαo

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Gαo

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001122

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36104/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001122

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001122

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001122

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2204

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001122

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Gαo

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 47 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 23 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Gαo

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Gαo

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 6 )

Gene disrupted in

(Guillen et al., 1995)

(Katanaev et al., 2005, Fremion et al., 1999)

Gene not disrupted in

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Inferred from location ( 4 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Gαo^GD8640

lethal (with Df(2R)47A)

Gαo⁰⁶¹¹

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage | recessive

Gαo^G203R

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Gαo^GD8640

partially lethal - majority die

Gαo^CA06658

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Gαo^GD8640

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GD8640

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Gαo^GD8640

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^UAS.cKa

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

abnormal cell polarity | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

abnormal circadian rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^P0.5.Pdf

abnormal heat stress response | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9

Gαo^JF02844

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage

Gαo^G203R

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GH146

Gαo^GD8640

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP2631

Gαo^GD8640

abnormal mitotic cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^UAS.cKa

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^repo

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^BG439

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^futsch-C380

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9

Gαo^JF02844

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC

abnormal neurophysiology

Gαo^EP2154

abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4^Gr5a.PUn

Gαo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

abnormal neurophysiology | dominant

Gαo^NP3200

abnormal neurophysiology | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

Gαo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^iav.PP

Gαo^JF02844

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^UAS.cKa

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

abnormal planar polarity | cell autonomous, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^GTP.UAS

abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | recessive | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

abnormal planar polarity | recessive | somatic clone

abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

abnormal starvation stress response | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC

Gαo^KK109018

abnormal taste perception

Gαo^EP2154

abnormal taste perception, with Scer\GAL4^Gr5a.PUn

Gαo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

abnormal taste perception | dominant

Gαo^NP3200

abnormal taste perception | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

Gαo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

Gαo^G203R

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^GD8640

visible | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Gαo^G203R

chordotonal neuron, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

chordotonal neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

dendrite | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9

Gαo^JF02844

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC

embryonic pericardial cell

Gαo^unspecified

eo neuron, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

eo neuron | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

eo neuron | ectopic | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

eo neuron | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

eo sensory structure, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

eo sensory structure, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

eo sensory structure | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

eo sensory structure | ectopic | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

eo sensory structure | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

heart primordium | embryonic stage

Gαo^unspecified

large labellar taste bristle

large labellar taste bristle, with Scer\GAL4^Gr5a.PUn

Gαo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

large labellar taste bristle | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

Gαo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

larval abdominal lch5 neuron, with Scer\GAL4^iav.PP

Gαo^JF02844

larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9

Gαo^JF02844

larval longitudinal connective

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

larval visceral muscle cell

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

macrochaeta | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

mechanosensory sensory organ, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

medial row of triple row of wing sensilla, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

medial triple row & eo neuron, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^UAS.cKa

medial triple row & eo sensory structure, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^UAS.cKa

medial triple row & sensory organ cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^UAS.cKa

medial triple row & socket, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^UAS.cKa

motor neuron | embryonic stage

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

Gαo^B97

neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Gαo^Q205L.UAS

neuroblast & spindle, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

Gαo^II.UAS

pupa, with Scer\GAL4^CCAP.PP

Gαo^UAS.cKa

sense organ glial cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

sense organ glial cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

sensory mother cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

sensory organ cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

sensory organ cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

sensory organ cell | ectopic | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

sensory organ cell | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

thecogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

thecogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

tormogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

tormogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Gαo^GTP.UAS

tormogen cell | ectopic | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

tormogen cell | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

type I bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^BG439

type I bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^futsch-C380

type II bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^futsch-C380

Gαo^KK109018

type II bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC

vacuole | adult stage | increased number

Gαo^G203R

ventral denticle belt

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^GD8640

wing | somatic clone

wing hair | cell autonomous | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Gαo^GTP.UAS

wing hair | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing hair | somatic clone | increased number

wing margin | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gαo^GTP.UAS

wing margin bristle | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

Gαo⁰⁰⁷

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (28)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

4

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

1

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

1

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

1

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1

1 of 14

No

No

1

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (26)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (24)

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (20)

11 of 13

Yes

Yes

5 of 13

No

Yes

5 of 13

No

No

5 of 13

No

No

5 of 13

No

No

5 of 13

No

No

4 of 13

No

No

3 of 13

No

No

3 of 13

No

No

3 of 13

No

No

3 of 13

No

No

3 of 13

No

Yes

3 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (45)

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

7 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

No

4 of 14

No

No

4 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

Drer\LOC108179047

2 of 14

No

No

Drer\si:ch211-207c7.2

2 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (36)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

8 of 14

No

Yes

8 of 14

No

Yes

8 of 14

No

Yes

8 of 14

No

Yes

7 of 14

No

Yes

7 of 14

No

Yes

7 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

Yes

6 of 14

No

No

6 of 14

No

Yes

6 of 14

No

Yes

5 of 14

No

No

5 of 14

No

Yes

5 of 14

No

Yes

5 of 14

No

Yes

5 of 14

No

No

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005773

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005904

6 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005079

5 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009457

5 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006521

3 of 12

No

No

Agam\GNAS_ANOGA

3 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004098

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006890

1 of 12

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (14)

Atha\GP ALPHA 1

12 of 13

Yes

Yes

4 of 13

No

Yes

4 of 13

No

Yes

4 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (8)

10 of 13

Yes

Yes

7 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

7 of 12

No

No

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Gαo. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (10)

11 of 13

10 of 13

9 of 13

9 of 13

8 of 13

6 of 13

5 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

model of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17

CEC

(Larasati et al., 2022)

model of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17

CEC

(Larasati et al., 2022)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1

model of neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

exacerbates nervous system disease

modeled by Atpα^DTS1

(Talsma et al., 2014)

DOES NOT ameliorate Alzheimer's disease

modeled by Hsap\APP^{Aβ42.UAS.Tag:SS(rPENK)}

(Lüchtenborg and Katanaev, 2014)

ameliorates nervous system disease

modeled by Atpα^CJ10

(Talsma et al., 2014)

ameliorates autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder

modeled by Nab2^EP3716

(Rounds et al., 2022)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1

14 of 14

GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING PROTEIN, ALPHA-ACTIVATING ACTIVITY POLYPEPTIDE O; GNAO1

GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2

7 of 14

VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, FAMILIAL

GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3

7 of 14

AURICULOCONDYLAR SYNDROME 1; ARCND1

GNAT1; G protein subunit alpha transducin 1

7 of 14

GNAT3; G protein subunit alpha transducin 3

7 of 14

GNA11; G protein subunit alpha 11

6 of 14

GNA14; G protein subunit alpha 14

6 of 14

GNA15; G protein subunit alpha 15

6 of 14

GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1

6 of 14

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HYPOTONIA, IMPAIRED SPEECH, AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES; NEDHISB

GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q

6 of 14

GNAT2; G protein subunit alpha transducin 2

6 of 14

ACHROMATOPSIA 4; ACHM4

achromatopsia 4

GNAZ; G protein subunit alpha z

6 of 14

GNA12; G protein subunit alpha 12

5 of 14

GNA13; G protein subunit alpha 13

5 of 14

GNAL; G protein subunit alpha L

3 of 14

DYSTONIA 25; DYT25

dystonia 25

GNAS; GNAS complex locus

3 of 14

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

two hybrid, pull down, western blot

(Lüchtenborg et al., 2014)

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Egger-Adam and Katanaev, 2010)

enzymatic study, pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot, two hybrid, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Lin et al., 2014, Tishchenko et al., 2013)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Katanayeva et al., 2010)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Katanayeva et al., 2010)

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Purvanov et al., 2010)

pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Purvanov et al., 2010)

(Kopein and Katanaev, 2009)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yoshiura et al., 2012)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, autoradiography

(Schaefer et al., 2000)

pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Lin and Katanaev, 2013)

pull down, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, two hybrid

(Lin et al., 2014, Kopein and Katanaev, 2009)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Patel et al., 2016)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, experimental knowledge based, autoradiography, two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Lüchtenborg et al., 2015, Yoshiura et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Kopein and Katanaev, 2009, Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006, Schaefer et al., 2000)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Solis et al., 2024)

Gαo - βTub56D

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Katanayeva et al., 2010)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Lin et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)

suppressible

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006, Katanaev et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Katanaev et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)

suppressible

(Lin and Katanaev, 2013)

enhanceable

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)

suppressible

(Dahdal et al., 2010)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Bormann et al., 2025)

enhanceable

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)

enhanceable

(Katanaev et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Lin and Katanaev, 2013)

suppressible

(Rounds et al., 2022)

enhanceable

(Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.

(UniProt, P16378 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61922

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001122

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36104

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36104

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Ca2+ pathway

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

2R

Recombination map

2-62

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:10,437,985..10,465,701 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

47A7-47A9

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Hr46^k10308 and P{PZ}lola⁰⁰³⁴⁹&P{EP}lola^EP952

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

47A-47A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(de Sousa et al., 1989, Schmidt et al., 1989, Yoon et al., 1989)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-62

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-61.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (74)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

92007

P{UAS-Gαo.Pi}H, w¹¹¹⁸

81099

w¹¹¹⁸; Gαo^G45E/CyO

12347

P{VT014603-GAL4}attP2

13693

P{VT014607-GAL4}attP2

13888

P{VT014606-GAL4}attP2

15068

P{VT014604-GAL4}attP2

13934

P{GMR65B12-lexA}su(Hw)attP5

14124

P{VT014606-lexA::GADfl}attP40

16774

P{VT014607-lexA::GADfl}attP40

2204R-2

v110552

P{KK109018}VIE-260B

v19124

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD8640}v19124

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (28)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (100)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RH09776

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0001122

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001122

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Lüchtenborg et al., 2014, Schaefer et al., 2001, Wolfgang et al., 1990)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

G-oα47A is required for the transduction of both the Wnt and planar polarity pathways.

(Katanaev et al., 2005)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers against this gene tested in a cl-8 cell reporter assay to examine any role of G-oα47A in the hh signalling pathway.

(Lum, 2003)

Area matching Drosophila GO protein alpha subunit homolog class II gene, Acc. No. M29602.

(Davies, 2001.3.15)

G-oα47A function is required for the formation of the heart, visceral musculature and the nervous system.

(Fremion et al., 1999)

Mutants show defects in the heart, visceral musculature and nervous system.

(Fremion et al., 1999)

Mutation rate at microsatellite loci in 119 lines maintained for approximately 250 generations is estimated to be 6.3x10^-6, at least one order of magnitude lower than the mutation rate in mammals.

(Schlotterer et al., 1998)

Mutant analysis demonstrates G-oα47A is required for embryonic development.

(Guillen et al., 1995)

G proteins belong to a family of membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that couple specific receptors for extracellular signals to specific intracellular effectors, thus regulating the activity of these effectors. When not interacting with the receptor, G proteins are usually in the form of a heterotrimer made up of α, β and γ subunits, with the α subunit bound to GDP. Upon activation by the receptor, the α subunit exchanges GDP for GTP, dissociates from the β-γ subunits and interacts with the effector. Afterwards GTP is hydrolyzed and the heterotrimer of α, β and γ subunits is formed again.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a bovine α_i1 cDNA probe.

(Schmidt et al., 1989)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: G-oα47A CG2204

(Shue, 1999.11)

Source for identity of: Gαo G-oα47A

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Nomenclature comments

Genes encoding Gα subunits that have been named for their molecular function/orthology have had their symbols and names standardized following the format used in FBrf0220456, which also reflects popular usage in the Drosophila literature.

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

The gene is named "brokenheart" based on the phenotype of mutant embryos.

(Fremion et al., 1999)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (50)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Bkh

(Zaffran et al., 2001)

CG2204

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Honjo et al., 2016, Hanlon and Andrew, 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Boto et al., 2010, Khanna et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Strub et al., 2008, Huang et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Colicelli, 2004)

DG_o

(Lee et al., 1990)

DGα0

DGα_o

(Schmidt et al., 1989)

DROGPAD

(Schlotterer et al., 1998, Schug et al., 1998, Schug et al., 1997)

G(o)α47A

(Madalan et al., 2012, Ferris et al., 2006)

G-oalpha

(Mack et al., 2006)

G-oalpha47A

(Ugrankar et al., 2018, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2013, Murray et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2009, Bakal et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Giot et al., 2003)

G-oα

(Hanlon and Andrew, 2015)

G-oα47A

(Song et al., 2018, Hanlon and Andrew, 2015, Muliyil and Narasimha, 2014, Tan et al., 2012, Dahdal et al., 2010, Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, McGurk et al., 2008, Ogden et al., 2008, Strub et al., 2008, Yi et al., 2008, Stuart et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Mack et al., 2006)

G-oα47a

(Bandyopadhyay et al., 2006)

G-α-47A

G_o

(Ignatious Raja et al., 2014, Boto et al., 2010)

G_oα

(de Sousa et al., 1991)

G_oα

(Guillen et al., 1991)

GNAO

(Beghelli et al., 2024)

Galpha47A

(Lum, 2003)

Galpha₀

(Kaltschmidt and Brand, 2002)

Galphao

(Marcogliese et al., 2022, Pang et al., 2021, Mast and DiPrimio, 2019.3.13, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Morozova et al., 2015, Tishchenko et al., 2013, Segalen et al., 2007)

Go

(Zhou et al., 2019, Katanaev et al., 2018, Yi et al., 2013, Bredendiek et al., 2011, Boto et al., 2010, Dahdal et al., 2010, Boto et al., 2007, Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2006, Katanaev and Tomlinson, 2005, Katanaev et al., 2005, Wolfgang et al., 1991)

Go-alpha

(Zaffran et al., 1995, Lineruth and Davis, 1992, Schmidt, 1992.2.10)

Goa

(Fremion et al., 1999, Fremion et al., 1998)

Goα

(Potdar and Sheeba, 2013, Yoshiura et al., 2012, Bredendiek et al., 2011, Guo et al., 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2009, Guillen et al., 1995, Horgan et al., 1995, Wolfgang et al., 1991, Wolfgang et al., 1990)

Goα-47A

(Wei et al., 2020)

Goα47a

(Singh et al., 2014)

Gα47A

(Schaefer et al., 2000)

Gα_047A

(Schweisguth, 2000)

Gα_o

(Cooper et al., 2011, Yao and Carlson, 2010, Ogden et al., 2008, Quaiser, 2006, Gonczy, 2002)

Gα_o47A

(Vecsey et al., 2014)

Gαi/o

(Krishnan et al., 2015)

Gαo47A

(Patel et al., 2016, Im et al., 2015, Yu et al., 2003)

alpha(o)

(Garen-Fazio et al., 1991)

bkh

(Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Boto et al., 2010, Zaffran et al., 2006, Fremion et al., 1999, Fremion et al., 1999)

dGαo

(Solis et al., 2024, Solis et al., 2017)

dgo

(Hall et al., 2019, Shortridge et al., 1991, Yoon et al., 1989)

dgoα

(Buchner, 1991)

drogpad

(Boto et al., 2010)

goα

(Koon and Budnik, 2012)

like GNAO

(Krishnan et al., 2015)

Name Synonyms

Drogpad

(Schlötterer and Agis, 2002, Harr and Schlotterer, 2000)

G protein alpha o subunit

(Kotian et al., 2022)

G protein alpha subunit o

G protein o alpha 47A

(Honjo et al., 2016)

G protein oalpha 47A

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

G protein oα 47A

(Tan et al., 2012, Khanna et al., 2010)

G protein α o subunit

(Shafer, 2025)

brokenheart

(Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Quaiser, 2006, Fremion et al., 1999, Fremion et al., 1999)

brokenhearted

(Fuse and Hirose, 2005, Cripps and Olson, 2002)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0026838

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 103 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

36104

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P16378

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P16378

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

D5AEN0

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P16378

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0001122

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36104/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0001122

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0001122

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0001122

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG2204

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

36104

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61922

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0001122

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0001122

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0001122

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0001122

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0001122

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2204

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0001122

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0001122

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC014543

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36104

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

36104

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Ca2+ pathway

References (234)