FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\sktl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\sktl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

skittles

Annotation Symbol

CG9985

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0016984

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

24 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (2.7.1.68)

Gene Summary

skittles (sktl) encodes the major Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate-5 kinase (PI4P5K), catalysing the formation of phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP4,5). The sktl product is involved in many cellular processes involving (PIP4,5), such as endocytosis. It plays an important role in cell polarity by controlling the localization of the product encoded by baz. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

PIP5K, fam, l(2)05475, PIP5-kinase

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

57B3-57B3

Sequence location

2R:20,827,282..20,836,028 [-]

Recombination map

2-92

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:20827282..20836028

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gervais et al., 2008)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Claret et al., 2014)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q94545

(Cheng and Shearn, 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000557041

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables phosphatidylinositol kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002498

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (17 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

acts_upstream_of_positive_effect apical constriction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Claret et al., 2014)

involved_in basement membrane organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Devergne et al., 2014)

involved_in cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gervais et al., 2008)

involved_in dorsal appendage formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Claret et al., 2014)

involved_in endosome organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mondin et al., 2019)

acts_upstream_of_negative_effect epithelial to mesenchymal transition

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Claret et al., 2014)

involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Park et al., 2019)

involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Claret et al., 2014)

involved_in imaginal disc development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hassan et al., 1998)

involved_in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gervais et al., 2008)

involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gervais et al., 2008)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from expression pattern

(Knirr et al., 1997)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hassan et al., 1998)

involved_in regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Park et al., 2019)

involved_in spermatid development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Fabian et al., 2010)

involved_in spermatogenesis

inferred from expression pattern

(Knirr et al., 1997)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in phosphatidylinositol metabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002498

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000557041

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

colocalizes_with apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Rousso et al., 2013)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Gervais et al., 2008)

located_in male germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Fabian et al., 2010)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Fabian et al., 2010)

located_in polytene chromosome

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q94545

(Cheng and Shearn, 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000557041

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 5 KINASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity

a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate) + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate) + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.68)

RHEA 14425:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 5 KINASES -: D :Phosphatidylinositol 5 kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI), or specific mono or bisphosphate derivatives of PI, at position 5 on the inositol ring to generate PI5P, PI(3,5)P[[2]], PI(4,5)P[[2]] or PI(3,4,5)P[[3]]. The resulting phosphoinositides can then act as signalling molecules to mediate/regulate a range of cellular and physiological processes, including cell polarity, cell migration, autophagy, growth, development, and ageing. (Adapted from FBrf0227909.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns[4]P) to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns[4,5]P(2)), a lipid second messenger that regulates several cellular processes such as signal transduction, vesicle trafficking, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cell adhesion, and cell motility (PubMed:18948416, PubMed:24768049). PtdIns[4,5]P(2) can directly act as a second messenger or can be utilized as a precursor to generate other second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), diacylglycerol (DAG) or phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns[3,4,5]P(3)). Required for germline development during oogenesis (PubMed:9832529). Sktl is the major phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase responsible for enrichment of PtdIns[4,5]P(2) in the apical plasma membrane of the oocyte and follicular epithelium cells of the egg chamber during oogenesis (PubMed:18948416, PubMed:24768049). Involved in nuclear anchoring and microtubule organization required for targeted mRNA transport during maintenance of oocyte polarity (PubMed:18948416). The PtdIns[4,5]P(2) produced by sktl is required for maintenance of cellular polarity, prevention of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, maintenance of adherens junctions and regulation of apical constriction, probably by affecting polarized cortical recruitment of PAR proteins and their effectors, including baz/bazooka, aPKC, par-1 and l(2)gl (PubMed:18948416, PubMed:24768049). Involved in actin cytoskeleton organization probably through PtdIns[4,5]P(2)-mediated regulation of Moe/Moesin phosphorylation (PubMed:18948416, PubMed:24768049). Involved in PtdIns[4,5]P(2)-mediated apical recruitment of the formin dia/diaphanous in tubular epithelial cells (PubMed:23853710). Involved in anterodorsal cell morphogenesis and eggshell dorsal appendage formation, probably through regulation of apical constriction by PtdIns[4,5]P(2) during tubulogenesis (PubMed:24768049). Required for cell viability or proliferation during wing and eye imaginal disk development (PubMed:9832529). May be involved in cytoskeletal regulation during sensory bristle development (PubMed:9832529). Together with mys/integrin beta localizes to the trailing edge of larval epidermal cells in a JNK signaling-dependent manner during wound healing and is required for setting up cell polarity and re-epithelialization (PubMed:31704968). Required for polarization of elongating spermatid cysts possibly by generation of PtdIns[4,5]P(2) involved in mediating membrane association and orientation of the nucleus-basal body pair (PubMed:20237161). Probably involved in PtdIns[4,5]P(2)-mediated recruitment of exocyst proteins that may mediate membrane addition during spermatid elongation (PubMed:20237161). Involved in maintenance of specialised cell contacts known as slit diaphragms required for nephrocyte morphogenesis and function (PubMed:35437696). Regulates nephrocyte endocytosis, possibly through PtdIns[4,5]P(2)-mediated recruitment of effector proteins (PubMed:35437696). Not required for nervous system development or neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction (PubMed:9832529). Together with ash2 probably plays a role in maintenance of transcriptionally active chromatin through down-regulation of histone H1 hyperphosphorylation (PubMed:15280236).

(UniProt, Q9W2R3)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

1- phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate kinase - alteration of Skittles levels results in structural defects in sensory bristles, providing genetic evidence for the involvement of PIP5KIs in cytoskeletal regulation

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sktl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W2R3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Shares 5' UTR with downstream gene.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

sktl-RA

FBtr0071563

NM_057858

3747

792

sktl-RB

FBtr0342801

NM_001299717

3215

792

sktl-RC

FBtr0344196

NM_001299718

2939

792

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

3.8 (northern blot)

(Hassan et al., 1998)

4.1 (unknown)

(Knirr et al., 1997)

4.1 (northern blot)

(Knirr et al., 1997)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

sktl-PA

FBpp0071491

87.8

792

7.33

FBpp0309638

87.8

792

7.33

FBpp0310605

87.8

792

7.33

Q9W2R3

NP_001286647

AHN56442

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

792 aa isoforms: sktl-PA, sktl-PB, sktl-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

700 (aa)

(Hassan et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with ash2 (via B30.2/SPRY domain); the interaction is direct and seems to be specific for ash2 isoform B.

(UniProt, Q9W2R3)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

UniProt

Q9W2R3

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sktl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

sktl_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.56

Transcript Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage

sensory mother cell | apical

(Perdigoto et al., 2008)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

central brain anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hypopharynx anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5

procephalic neurogenic region

(Hassan et al., 1998)

gastrula stage

ventral furrow

(Hassan et al., 1998)

cephalic furrow

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hypopharynx anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hindgut proper primordium

Comment: reported as hindgut proper anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11

primordial germ cell

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hindgut proper primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 13

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | precursor

(Hassan et al., 1998)

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | precursor

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 13

mesoderm

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval foregut

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval hindgut

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 17

embryonic/larval hindgut | restricted

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval pharynx

(Hassan et al., 1998)

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval foregut | restricted

(Hassan et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval midgut | restricted

(Hassan et al., 1998)

third instar larval stage

larval brain

(Hassan et al., 1998)

photoreceptor cell R8 | precursor

(Hassan et al., 1998)

imaginal disc

(Hassan et al., 1998)

eye disc morphogenetic furrow | anterior to

(Hassan et al., 1998)

oogenesis

oocyte

(Knirr et al., 1997)

germarium | restricted

(Knirr et al., 1997)

nurse cell

(Knirr et al., 1997)

spermatogenesis

(Knirr et al., 1997)

spermatocyte

(Knirr et al., 1997)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

mesoderm

(Knirr et al., 1997)

organism | ubiquitous

(Knirr et al., 1997)

presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system

(Knirr et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 1 -- 17

Comment: reference states 0-24 hr AEL

(Knirr et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 4 -- 5

procephalic neurogenic region

(Knirr et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 12 -- 13

ectoderm

(Knirr et al., 1997)

adult stage | female

(Knirr et al., 1997)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

(Chakrabarti et al., 2015)

adult thorax

(Chakrabarti et al., 2015)

adult abdomen

(Chakrabarti et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

sktl is expressed in all tissues assayed in adults and is not enriched in the eye.

(Chakrabarti et al., 2015)

sktl transcript is expressed throughout embryonic development, and its expression pattern resembles that of insc transcript. At stage 5, sktl expression is detected in the procephalic neurectoderm. During gastrulation, expression is found in the invaginating cells of the cephalic and ventral furrows. At stage 11, expression is detected in all CNS and PNS precursor cells, and in migrating pole cells. At stage 13, expression is detected in most tissues, with higher levels in CNS, PNS, dorsal vessel, gut, and mesoderm. At stage 17, expression is found in a few CNS cells and the gut and pharynx. In the third instar larva, sktl transcript is detected in all imaginal discs. Expression is uniform in the leg disc. In the wing disc, expression is higher in the precursors of the anterior wing margin sensory organs, and along the anterior-posterior axis. In the eye disc, expression is elevated in the row of cells anterior to the morphogenetic furrow from which the R8 photoreceptors will differentiate. Expression is widespread in the larval brain, including the outer proliferation center of the optic lobes, patches of cells in the midbrain, and subsets of cells in the ventral ganglion.

(Hassan et al., 1998)

sktl transcript is expressed during oogenesis and spermatogenesis. During oogenesis, sktl transcript expression is first detected in germarium region 2. Expression in the oocyte is high throughout oogenesis. In the nurse cell, expression is low during stages S1-S8, but increases after stage S8. In the male germline, expression is detected in primary spermatocytes and during meiotic prophase.

(Knirr et al., 1997)

sktl transcript is detected in 0-24 hr embryos (but weakly in 20-24 hr embryos), and in adult females. In 1-4 hr embryos, sktl transcript expression is strong and ubiquitous. Ubiquitous expression continues throughout embryogenesis, but there are regions of enriched expression such as the developing nervous system and mesoderm. At stage 4, two patches of strong expression appear in the procephalic neurectoderm. During germ band retraction, expression is higher in ectodermal cells.

(Knirr et al., 1997)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

colocalizes_with apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Rousso et al., 2013)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Gervais et al., 2008)

located_in male germline ring canal

inferred from direct assay

(Fabian et al., 2010)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Fabian et al., 2010)

located_in polytene chromosome

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q94545

(Cheng and Shearn, 2004)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{βTub85D-sktl.YFP}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

spermatogenesis

spermatid cyst | restricted

(Fabian et al., 2010)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sktl in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\sktl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\sktl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0016984

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

37356/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0016984

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0016984

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0016984

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0016984

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\sktl

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 24 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 22 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sktl

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sktl

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 6 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)Exel6070

(Gervais et al., 2008, Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2R)insc^P49

(Hassan et al., 1998, Knirr et al., 1997)

Df(2R)P72

(Knirr et al., 1997)

Df(2R)Pu-D17

(Spradling et al., 1999)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2R)Exel7164

(Gervais et al., 2008)

Df(2R)Exel7166

(Gervais et al., 2008)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

cell lethal | adult stage | somatic clone

sktl^Δ15

lethal (with sktl^2.3)

sktl^Δ20

lethal (with sktl^Δ20)

sktl^2.3

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

sktl^UAS.cHa

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^T80

sktl^UAS.cHa

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^GD1534

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

partially lethal - majority die

sktl⁰⁵⁴⁷⁵

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

sktl^GD1534

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

sktl^GD1534

Sterility

Allele

female sterile (with sktl^2.3)

female sterile (with sktl^Δ5)

sktl^2.3

female sterile (with sktl^Δ15)

sktl^2.3

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell polarity | somatic clone

sktl^M5

abnormal cell shape | somatic clone

sktl^M5

abnormal cytokinesis | germline clone

sktl^2.3

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^UAS.cHa

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^UAS.cHa

abnormal size | germline clone

sktl^Δ15

increased cell death | adult stage | somatic clone

sktl^Δ15

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during immature adult stage | recessive

sktl^k02608

some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

sktl^UAS.cHa

some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^T80

sktl^UAS.cHa

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^GD1534

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sktl^UAS.cHa

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^eya.enh1+E+2

sktl^JF02796

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^KK105249

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

actin filament & oocyte | germ-line clone

sktl^2.3

axon | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^UAS.cHa

chordotonal organ | lateral

dorsal appendage

sktl^Δ15

dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4^CY2

sktl^UASp.GFP

dorsal appendage (with sktl^2.3), with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

sktl^Δ5

dorsal appendage (with sktl^Δ5), with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

sktl^2.3

dorsal appendage | germline clone | maternal effect

sktl^2.3

egg

sktl^Δ15

egg, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

sktl^{UASp.RFP(Unk)}

egg (with sktl^2.3)

sktl^Δ5

egg (with sktl^Δ5)

sktl^2.3

egg | maternal effect (with sktl^2.3)

sktl^Δ15

egg | maternal effect (with sktl^Δ15)

sktl^2.3

egg chamber | germline clone

sktl^Δ15

embryonic/larval garland cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^sns.PU

sktl^KK105249

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sktl^JF02796

endocytic vesicle, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

sktl^{UASp.RFP(Unk)}

eye, with Scer\GAL4^eya.enh1+E+2

sktl^JF02796

follicle cell (with sktl^2.3), with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

sktl^Δ5

follicle cell (with sktl^Δ5), with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

sktl^2.3

follicle cell | somatic clone

sktl^M5

imaginal disc

sktl^k02517

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sktl^JF02796

macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sktl^UAS.cHa

macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sktl^UAS.cHa

macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sktl^UAS.cHa

mechanosensory neuron | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^UAS.cHa

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^KK105249

neuron projection | adult stage | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sktl^UAS.cHa

nurse cell & nucleus

sktl^Δ15

oocyte nucleus | germline clone | oogenesis stage S9

sktl^2.3

oocyte nucleus | germline clone | oogenesis stage S10

sktl^2.3

oocyte nucleus | oogenesis stage S9 (with sktl^2.3)

sktl^Δ15

oocyte nucleus | oogenesis stage S9 (with sktl^Δ15)

sktl^2.3

oocyte nucleus | oogenesis stage S10 (with sktl^2.3)

sktl^Δ15

oocyte nucleus | oogenesis stage S10 (with sktl^Δ15)

sktl^2.3

ovary

sktl^Δ15

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

sktl^UAS.cRa

scutum, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sktl^UAS.cHa

scutum, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sktl^UAS.cHa

scutum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sktl^UAS.cHa

scutum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sktl^UAS.cHa

slit diaphragm | absent | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^sns.PU

sktl^KK105249

spermatid cyst | germline clone

sktl^2.3

wing

wing, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sktl^UAS.cHa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sktl^UAS.cHa

wing & macrochaeta

wing & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^32B

sktl^UAS.cHa

wing & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

sktl^UAS.cHa

yolk granule, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

sktl^{UASp.RFP(Unk)}

yolk granule | germline clone

sktl^2.3

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (12)

Hsap\PIP5K1A

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PIP5K1B

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PIP5K1C

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PIPSL

8 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PIP5KL1

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\RSPH10B

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)

Rnor\Pip5k1a

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pip5k1b

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pip5k1c

11 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pikfyve

1 of 14

Rnor\Psmd4

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)

Mmus\Pip5k1a

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pip5k1b

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pip5k1c

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pip4k2b

3 of 14

Mmus\Pip4k2c

3 of 14

Mmus\Pip5kl1

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pip4k2a

2 of 14

Mmus\Pikfyve

1 of 14

Mmus\Psmd4

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (12)

Xtro\pip5k1c

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\pip5k1b

5 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\leprot

1 of 13

Xtro\pbxip1

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (15)

Drer\pip5k1ab

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\pip5k1ba

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\pip5k1bb

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\pip5k1ca

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\pip5k1aa

10 of 14

Yes

Drer\pip5k1cb

10 of 14

Yes

Drer\pip5kl1

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\pikfyve

1 of 14

Drer\psmd4a

1 of 14

Drer\psmd4b

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

Cele\ppk-1

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\ppk-2

3 of 14

Cele\ppk-3

2 of 14

Cele\rpn-10

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009170

3 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005216

2 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005559

1 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009169

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (16)

Atha\AT1G10900

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G60890

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K1

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K2

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K3

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K4

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K5

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K6

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIP5K9

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIPK10

7 of 13

Yes

Atha\PIPK11

6 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\MSS4

7 of 13

Yes

Scer\FAB1

2 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\its3

9 of 12

Yes

Spom\fab1

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sktl. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

11 of 13

5 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 gamma

model of lethal congenital contracture syndrome 3

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

sktl^JF02796

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Rbf^HMS03004

(Parkhitko et al., 2021)

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Pten^HMS00044, Ras85D^G13Q.UAS, Rbf^HMS03004

(Parkhitko et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PIP5K1A; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 alpha

12 of 14

603275

PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 beta

11 of 14

602745

PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 1 gamma

11 of 14

606102

LETHAL CONGENITAL CONTRACTURE SYNDROME 3; LCCS3

lethal congenital contracture syndrome 3

PIPSL; PIP5K1A and PSMD4 like (pseudogene)

8 of 14

PIP5KL1; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase like 1

4 of 14

612865

PIP4K2A; phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 alpha

3 of 14

603140

PIP4K2B; phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 beta

3 of 14

603261

PIP4K2C; phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 gamma

3 of 14

617104

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

sktl - Dlic

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Jouette et al., 2019)

sktl - IKKε

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Jouette et al., 2019)

sktl - ash2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Cheng and Shearn, 2004)

sktl - baz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Jouette et al., 2019)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

sktl

enhanceable

baz

(Gervais et al., 2008)

sktl

suppressible

Pld

(Medina-Yáñez et al., 2020)

sktl

suppressible

PRL-1

(Urwyler et al., 2019)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

ash2

enhanceable

sktl

(Cheng and Shearn, 2004)

Pld

suppressible

sktl

(Raghu et al., 2009)

rdgA

enhanceable

sktl

(Garcia-Murillas et al., 2006)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with ash2 (via B30.2/SPRY domain); the interaction is direct and seems to be specific for ash2 isoform B.

(UniProt, Q9W2R3 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63002

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0016984

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

37356

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-92

Cytogenetic map

57B3-57B3

Sequence location

2R:20,827,282..20,836,028 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

57B3-57B3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k06409^k06409&P{PZ}insc⁰⁵⁴⁷⁵ and P{PZ}l(2)07806⁰⁷⁸⁰⁶

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

57B1-57B1

(Prokopenko, 1999.8.3)

57B-57B

(Prokopenko, 1998.6.10)

57B1-57B20

(Knirr, 1996.10.6)

57B2-57B3

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

57B1-57B5

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Kania et al., 1995)

57B-57B

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 57B1--3 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 57B2--3 (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-92

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-98.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Knirr, 1996.10.6)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (24)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

92487

y¹ v¹; P{U6.2-sktl.dgRNA}attP40/CyO

39673

y¹ w^*; sktl^Δ5/CyO, y⁺

39674

y¹ w^*; sktl^Δ20/CyO, P{ftz-lacB}E3

27715

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02796}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

Kyoto

102229

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}insc^k02517 / CyO

102234

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}insc^k02608 / CyO

102772

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}insc^k10907 / CyO

102892

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}insc^k13706 / CyO

VDRC

v101624

P{KK105249}VIE-260B

v6229

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1534}v6229

v6231

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1534}v6231/CyO

v341656

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD00754}attP40/CyO-GFP

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (17)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (35)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LP03320

Other clones

DPiM_LP03320

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0016984

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0016984

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Claret et al., 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Area matching Drosophila phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5 kinase gene (inverted) , Acc. No. AF071417.

(Davies, 2001.3.15)

sktl is required for cell viability, germline development and proper structural development of sensory bristles. It is apparently not required for neural secretion. Overall orientation not stated: insc+ sktl? insc+

(Hassan et al., 1998)

Mutants isolated in a screen of the second chromosome identifying gene affecting disc morphology.

(Roch et al., 1998)

sktl is located within the first exon of insc.

(Breuer et al., 1997)

sktl is located within the first 10kb intron of insc. The expression pattern of sktl has been analysed.

(Knirr et al., 1997)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

The complementation group previously identified as 'fam' corresponds to the sktl/insc locus. Until it is demonstrated to be otherwise, all alleles previously represented as alleles of 'fam' are now recorded as alleles of both insc and sktl.

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: sktl CG9985

(Kodira, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

25/17

(Roch et al., 1998)

CG9985

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Trivedi et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2018, Cockcroft and Raghu, 2016, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Chakrabarti et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Morrison et al., 2000)

PIP5-kinase

(Chew et al., 2009)

PIP5K

(Jouette et al., 2017, Tan et al., 2014, Fabian et al., 2010, Gervais et al., 2008)

PIP5K 57B6

(Morrison et al., 2000)

SKTL

(Jouette et al., 2017)

Sktl

(Parkhitko et al., 2021, Thanh et al., 2020, Cockcroft and Raghu, 2016, Tan et al., 2014, Rousso et al., 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Rohn et al., 2011, Chew et al., 2009, Wei et al., 2008)

fam

(Kania et al., 1995)

l(2)05475

(Chen et al., 1998)

l(2)k12405

(Chen et al., 1998)

ski

(Hassan et al., 1997)

sktl

(Neisch et al., 2025, Sánchez-Sánchez et al., 2025, Guo et al., 2024, Yu et al., 2024, Hu et al., 2022, Lu et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Khan et al., 2021, Lebo et al., 2021, Ostalé et al., 2021, Basu et al., 2020, Medina-Yáñez et al., 2020, Jouette et al., 2019, Myat et al., 2019, Park et al., 2019, Gupta et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Solis et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Chakrabarti et al., 2015, Guglielmi et al., 2015, Bothe et al., 2014, Claret et al., 2014, Claret et al., 2014, Devergne et al., 2014, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Murray et al., 2012, Desroches et al., 2010, Fabian et al., 2010, Roch et al., 2010, Compagnon et al., 2009, Raghu et al., 2009, Gandre-Babbe and van der Bliek, 2008, Gervais et al., 2008, Mattila et al., 2008, Perdigoto et al., 2008, Wei et al., 2008, Secombe et al., 2007, Garcia-Murillas et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

PIP5-kinase

(Petit et al., 2002)

Skittles

(Koehler and Huber, 2023, Meyer et al., 2022, Hudson et al., 2019, Tan et al., 2014, Rousso et al., 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Gervais et al., 2008, Gervais et al., 2005)

fata morgana

phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase

(Tan et al., 2014)

skittles

(Park et al., 2015, Devergne et al., 2014, Desroches et al., 2010, Fabian et al., 2010, Roch et al., 2010, Perdigoto et al., 2008, Palmer and Pichaud, 2007, Knirr, 1996.10.6)

type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase

(Gervais et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0010601
FBgn0015387

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 62 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

37356

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W2R3

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9W2R3

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W2R3

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0016984

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

37356/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0016984

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0016984

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0016984

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9985

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

37356

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63002

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0016984

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0016984

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0016984

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

sktl_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0016984

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0016984

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0016984

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0016984

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

37356

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane

References (144)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.56

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