FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Pyk

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pyk

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Pyruvate kinase

Annotation Symbol

CG7070

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0267385

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

15 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

pyruvate kinase (2.7.1.40)

Gene Summary

Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the final rate-limiting step of glycolysis by mediating the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

PK, PKM

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

94A6-94A6

Sequence location

3R:22,367,536..22,372,746 [+]

Recombination map

3-74

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:22367536..22372746

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables pyruvate kinase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Heidarian et al., 2023, Eanes et al., 2006)

inferred from direct assay

(Demianchuk et al., 2024)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables catalytic activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015813

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables magnesium ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001697, InterPro:IPR015793

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables potassium ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001697, InterPro:IPR015793

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables pyruvate kinase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P00549

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001697, InterPro:IPR015793, InterPro:IPR015806, InterPro:IPR018209

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000212670

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in canonical glycolysis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Heidarian et al., 2023, Eanes et al., 2006)

involved_in glucose homeostasis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ugrankar et al., 2015)

involved_in pyruvate biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Eanes et al., 2006)

involved_in response to sucrose

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Garrido et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in glycolytic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000212670

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001697, InterPro:IPR015793, InterPro:IPR015806, InterPro:IPR018209

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Clyne et al., 2003)

located_in P granule

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tud; FB:FBgn0003891

(Thomson et al., 2008)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:vas; FB:FBgn0283442

(Thomson et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000212670

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in mitochondrion

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P52489

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING GROUP TRANSFERASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

GLYCOLYSIS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family. (O62619)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

pyruvate kinase activity

pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+) (2.7.1.40)

RHEA 18157:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Pathway (FlyBase)

GLYCOLYSIS -: Glycolysis converts glucose into ATP and pyruvate in the cytosol. The overall reaction is glucose + 2 ADP + 2Pi + 2 NAD+ -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH 2H+ + 2 H2O and involves 10 enzymatic steps. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion where, after oxidation into acetyl-CoA, it enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to lactate in the cytosol. Although glucose, trehalose and glycogen are the main entry points for glycolysis in D. melanogaster, fructose, galactose, mannose and glycerol can also enter the glycolytic pathway to be converted into pyruvate. (Adapted from PMID:33941515 and FBrf0144936.)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING GROUP TRANSFERASES -: This group comprises phosphorus-containing group transferases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Enzyme of the glycolytic pathway (Probable). Glycolysis is essential in glial cells but not in neurons; neurons rely on the citric acid cycle for their energy needs, and on lactate and alanine secreted into the hemolymph by glial cells to fuel it (PubMed:26235423).

(UniProt, O62619)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Pyk: Pyruvate kinase

Structural gene for the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase [PYK (EC 2.7.1.40) = ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase]. Enzyme activity low in larvae and pupae, but it increases in young adults, becoming relatively stable in two-day-old flies. Most of the pyruvate kinase activity of adults is found in the thorax.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pyk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry O62619)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Pyk-RA

FBtr0084214

NM_079724

2109

533

Pyk-RB

FBtr0084213

NM_170004

1958

512

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Pyk-PA

FBpp0083611

57.4

533

7.50

FBpp0083610

55.1

512

7.96

NP_732723

AAN14373

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homotetramer.

(UniProt, O62619)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

O62619

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pyk using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

PyK_1
PyK_2

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.91

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

Comment: rapidly degraded

(Fisher et al., 2012)

primordial germ cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

primordial germ cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval somatic muscle cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

gonad

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 15

somatic muscle cell

(Tixier et al., 2013)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 15

muscle cell

(Tixier et al., 2013)

adult stage

adult brain | faint

(Wu et al., 2018)

ellipsoid body | intense

(Wu et al., 2018)

adult mushroom body | intense

(Wu et al., 2018)

adult ellipsoid body R-neuron | intense

(Wu et al., 2018)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

adult stage | female

adult hemolymph

(Zeng et al., 2016)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Clyne et al., 2003)

located_in P granule

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tud; FB:FBgn0003891

(Thomson et al., 2008)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:vas; FB:FBgn0283442

(Thomson et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Pyk.HA}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

embryonic/larval CNS perineurial glial cell

(Volkenhoff et al., 2015)

ventral neurectoderm | restricted

(Volkenhoff et al., 2015)

larval neuroblast

(Volkenhoff et al., 2015)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pyk in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Pyk

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Pyk

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0267385

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42620/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0267385

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003178

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0267385

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7070

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 20 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pyk

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pyk

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 8 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)hh

(Wang and Montell, 2005)

Df(3R)Pyk⁶⁰

(Heidarian et al., 2023)

Df(3R)Pyk⁶¹

(Heidarian et al., 2023)

Ts(1Lt;YLt)B166+Ts(1Rt;YLt)B89

(Rust and Collier, 1985)

Gene duplicated in

Ts(1Lt;YSt)B89+Ts(1Rt;YSt)B166

(Rust and Collier, 1985)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)hhE23

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Ts(1Lt;YLt)B136+Ts(1Rt;YLt)B118

(Rust and Collier, 1985)

Gene not duplicated in

Ts(1Lt;YSt)B118+Ts(1Rt;YSt)B136

(Rust and Collier, 1985)

Inferred from location ( 11 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

Pyk^CB04247

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^btl.PS

Pyk^GD16178

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

Pyk^GD12123

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

Pyk^GD12123

lethal (with Df(3R)BSC805)

Pyk^{MI13574-TG4.0}

lethal | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

Pyk^GD16178

lethal | recessive

Pyk^rQ178

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pyk^GD12123

lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

Pyk^GD16178

lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Pyk^GD16178

viable

Pyk^Wee-P338

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Pyk^GD12123

viable, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PS

Pyk^GD12123

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pyk^GD16178

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Pyk^GD16178

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

Pyk^GD16178

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

Pyk^GD12123

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^tey-5053A

Pyk^GL00099

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

Pyk^GL00099

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

Pyk^GL00099

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified, Spyo\Cas9^UAS.P2

Pyk^TKO.GS03070

abnormal wound healing | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

Pyk^GL00099

abnormal wound healing | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified, Spyo\Cas9^UAS.P2

Pyk^TKO.GS03070

decreased body weight | larval stage (with Pyk²³)

Pyk³¹

decreased body weight | larval stage (with Pyk³¹)

Pyk²³

decreased cell size | somatic clone | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

Pyk^GD16178

decreased rate of larval locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

Pyk^GL00099

decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

increased cell death | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

Pyk^GD12123

majority die during second instar larval stage (with Pyk²³)

Pyk³¹

majority die during second instar larval stage (with Pyk³¹)

Pyk²³

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

Pyk^GD16178

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

Pyk^GD12123

short lived | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4^{repo.Switch.2301}

Pyk^GD16178

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pyk^GD12123

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

axon | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^tey-5053A

Pyk^GL00099

axon | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

Pyk^GL00099

axon | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified, Spyo\Cas9^UAS.P2

Pyk^TKO.GS03070

embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^btl.PS

Pyk^GD12123

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

Pyk^GL00099

embryonic myoblast

Pyk^rQ178

embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4^kirre.PU

Pyk^GD16178

larval somatic muscle cell

Pyk^rQ178

larval somatic muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^kirre.PU

Pyk^GD16178

synapse | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

Pyk^GL00099

synaptic membrane | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

Pyk^GL00099

terminal tracheal cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^btl.PS

Pyk^GL00099

wing, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Pyk^NIG.7070R

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Hsap\PKM

14 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PKLR

13 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Pkm

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pklr

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC100364062

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Mmus\Pkm

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pklr

12 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

Xtro\pkm

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\pklr

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\mllt1

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\pklr

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\pkma

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\pkmb

12 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\pyk-1

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\pyk-2

11 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004596

12 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (14)

Atha\AT5G08570

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G63680

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G26390

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G56350

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G04050

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G25960

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G55650

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G55810

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G36580

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G52990

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\PKp3

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\PKP-BETA1

5 of 13

Yes

Atha\PKP-ALPHA

4 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G49160

3 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\CDC19

13 of 13

Yes

Scer\PYK2

12 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\pyk1

12 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)

Ecol\pykF

9 of 11

Yes

Ecol\pykA

3 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pyk. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)

11 of 13

10 of 13

6 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Pyk^GD16178

model of disease of metabolism

CEA

(Devilliers et al., 2021)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PKLR; pyruvate kinase L/R

model of congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 2

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Pyk^GL00099

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{N548.Q128.UAS}

(Martin et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PKM; pyruvate kinase M1/2

14 of 14

179050

PKLR; pyruvate kinase L/R

13 of 14

609712

congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 2

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Pyk - Akt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Pyk - CCT1

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Pyk - Dsor1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Pyk - Egfr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Pyk - Ldh

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Pyk - Ost1

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Pyk - PHDP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Pyk - Pi3K92E

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Pyk - Raf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Pyk - Ras85D

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Pyk - S6k

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Pyk - UQCR-C2

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Pyk - aub

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Rojas-Ríos et al., 2024, Zheng et al., 2016)

Pyk - bs

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Pyk - csw

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Pyk - ksr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Pyk - melt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Pyk - rictor

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Pyk - sima

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Pyk - tud

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Wahiduzzaman et al., 2024, Zheng et al., 2016, Gao et al., 2015)

Pyk - wal

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Pyk - aub

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Rojas-Ríos et al., 2024, Zheng et al., 2016)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Pyk

suppressible

kay

(Waller et al., 2025)

Pyk

suppressible

Sarm

(Waller et al., 2025)

Pyk

suppressible

wnd

(Waller et al., 2025)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Xu et al., 2021)

suppressible

(Ham et al., 2021)

suppressible

(Ham et al., 2021)

suppressible

(Ham et al., 2021)

suppressible

(Ham et al., 2021)

suppressible

(Devilliers et al., 2021)

trc

enhanceable

Pyk

(Hudson et al., 2023)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homotetramer.

(UniProt, O62619 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0267385

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42620

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

GLYCOLYSIS

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-74

Cytogenetic map

94A6-94A6

Sequence location

3R:22,367,536..22,372,746 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

94A6-94A6

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L3560^L3560 and P{PZ}l(3)rQ178^rQ178

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Cytology stated to be 11E--12A.

(Chien, 1998.4.24, Chien, 1998.4.30)

94A9-94A10

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

11F-12A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Collier and Chen, 1994)

94A9-94A10

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-74

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-77.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (15)

Genomic Clones (15)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (468)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0267385

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Structural gene for the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PYK = ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase). Enzyme activity low in larvae and pupae, but it increases in young adults, becoming relatively stable in two-day-old flies. Most of the pyruvate kinase activity of adults is found in the thorax.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: PyK l(3)rQ178

(Tixier et al., 2013)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Pyk PyK

(FlyBase, 2017-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG7070

(Delamotte et al., 2025, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Choo et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Buescher et al., 2013, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Müller et al., 2010, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Cermelli et al., 2006, Pile et al., 2003)

(Léger et al., 2024, Gándara et al., 2019, Garrido et al., 2015)

PKM

(Lee et al., 2024, Ham et al., 2021)

PYK

(Yi et al., 2025, Sun et al., 2011, Saj et al., 2010)

(Ugrankar et al., 2015)

PyK

(Bamgbose and Tulin, 2024, Hudson et al., 2023, McMullen et al., 2023, Pang et al., 2023, Praschberger et al., 2023, Ramesh et al., 2023, Känel et al., 2022, Martin et al., 2021, Xu et al., 2021, Carvalho-Santos et al., 2020, Solana-Manrique et al., 2020, Hudry et al., 2019, Manola et al., 2019, Tsakiri et al., 2019, van den Ameele and Brand, 2019, Wong et al., 2019, Ding et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Elgart et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Saha et al., 2016, Dent et al., 2015, Kwong et al., 2015, Wójtowicz et al., 2015, Barrio et al., 2014, de la Cova et al., 2014, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Buescher et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Parisi et al., 2013, Eanes, 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Müller et al., 2010, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Thomson et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Beller et al., 2006)

cg7070

(Ham et al., 2021)

l(3)r^Q178

(Tixier et al., 2013)

l(3)rQ178

Name Synonyms

Pyruvate Kinase

(Tixier et al., 2013, Thomson et al., 2008)

Pyruvate kinase

(Demianchuk et al., 2024, Sankaranarayanan and Weil, 2020, Simard et al., 2020, Zheng et al., 2016, Feng et al., 2015, Garrido et al., 2015, Parisi et al., 2013, Schriner et al., 2013, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Barnes et al., 2010, Ahrens et al., 2007, Cho et al., 2005, Gim et al., 2001)

lethal (3) rQ178

pyruvate kinase

(Léger et al., 2024, Hull et al., 2015, Buescher et al., 2013, Schriner et al., 2013, Sun et al., 2011, Cermelli et al., 2006, Eanes et al., 2006, Mack et al., 2006, Li and White, 2003)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0003178
FBgn0024583

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 76 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

42620

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

O62619

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O62619

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

O62619

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0267385

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42620/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0267385

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0267385

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG7070

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

42620

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0267385

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0267385

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

PyK_1
PyK_2

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003178

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0267385

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7070

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0267385

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

42620

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

References (171)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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