FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\stw

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\stw

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

straw

Annotation Symbol

CG42345

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0286203

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

37 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

catechol oxidase (1.10.3.1)

tyrosinase (1.14.18.1)

Gene Summary

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

laccase 2, laccase2

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

41F1-41F1

Sequence location

2R:5,413,744..5,456,095 [+]

Recombination map

2-55

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:5413744..5456095

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables catechol oxidase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q58IU3

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables copper ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002355, InterPro:IPR011706, InterPro:IPR011707

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables oxidoreductase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011706

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000194698

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables tyrosinase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q58IU3

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in chitin-based cuticle development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Riedel et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000194708

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MULTICOPPER OXIDASES

PHENOLOXIDASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

tyrosinase activity

(1) L-tyrosine + O2 = L-dopaquinone + H2O (1.14.18.1)

(2) 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 L-dopaquinone + 2 H2O (1.14.18.1)

catechol oxidase activity

2 catechol + O2 = 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O (1.10.3.1)

RHEA 21632:

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MULTICOPPER OXIDASES -: Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are ubiquitous in nature and perform a wide variety of functions including pigmentation, lignin synthesis and degradation, iron homeostasis and morphogenesis. Most MCOs contain one copper ion in a type 1 site and three copper ions in a type 2/type 3 cluster. Different MCOs have been identified as laccases, ascorbate oxidases or ferroxidases. In D. melanogaster, stw (MCO2) encodes a laccase, whereas the products of Mco1 and Mco3 have been characterized as ferroxidases. (Adapted from FBrf0234915 and FBrf0222822.)
PHENOLOXIDASES -: Phenoloxidases (POs) are innate immune proteins involved in the melanization process. POs catalyze the oxidation of phenols to quinones, which subsequently polymerize into melanin at the site of infection and around parasites. POs are synthesized as an inactive zymogen prophenoloxidase (PPO), which are cleaved to generate active POs. (Adapted from FBrf0224867 and FBrf0229770).

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

stw: straw

Hair color yellowish, especially on legs. Bristles pale at tips. Heterozygous deficiency for stw produces paling of body color. RK2.

stw2

Hairs pale yellow; bristles brownish with yellow tips. Wings pale yellow and somewhat thin and warped. Slightly more extreme than stw. Larval mouth parts straw colored at basal prongs and classifiable with difficulty in third-instar larvae (Brehme, 1941, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 27: 254-61). RK2.

stw3

Hairs, bristles, wings, and wing veins straw yellow. Body yellowish with pronounced dark trident. Tyrosinase formed in adult (Horowitz). Wings thin and buckled. Hairs on wing cells incompletely chitinized (Waddington, 1941, Proc. Zool. Soc., Ser. A 111: 173-80). Puparium noticeably lighter than wild type. Larval mouth parts straw colored at basal prongs; classifiable in living larva (Brehme, 1941, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 27: 254-61). RK2.

*stw4

Body pale yellow. Legs almost colorless. Wings colorless, thin, and fragile. Black areas of abdomen still black but heavily sprinkled with pale spots. Larval mouth parts normal (Brehme, 1941, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 27: 254-61). RK2.

stw5

Activation of the phenoloxidase at the time of melanization reduced in stw5 homozygotes compared to wild type (Mitchell, 1966, J. Insect. Physiol. 12: 755-65). Electroretinogram normal (Hotta and Benzer, 1969, Nature 222: 354-56). Semilethal or associated with a closely linked semilethal. RK2.

stw6

Like stw. Viability low. RK2.

*stw7

Bristles yellowish. Wing color pale, often overlaps wild type. Eclosion delayed. Poor viability. RK2.

*stwD: straw-Dominant

Body and bristles of homozygote light yellow; wings thin, buckled, and curled. In heterozygote, wings less abnormal; body and bristles wild type. stwD/stw3 like stw3. stwD/Df(2R)M41A has exaggerated stw phenotype. RK1.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\stw for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry A0A0B4KF30)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

stw-RA

FBtr0299918

NM_165431

3561

784

stw-RD

FBtr0299920

NM_001144134

2706

784

stw-RE

FBtr0299921

NM_136326

3645

784

stw-RF

FBtr0301063

NM_165432

2869

749

stw-RG

FBtr0335262

NM_001273780

3645

784

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

stw-PA

FBpp0289196

86.6

784

6.70

FBpp0289198

86.8

784

6.84

FBpp0289199

87.2

784

6.68

FBpp0290285

82.7

749

6.67

FBpp0307245

87.1

784

6.94

A0A0B4KF30

NP_001260709

AGB93244

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\stw using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.11

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\stw in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\stw

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\stw

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35494/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0286203

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0259247

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0286203

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG42345

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of stw

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of stw

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 42 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 42 )

Gene duplicated in

Dp(2;3)P32

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2L)C'

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Df(2L)C

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)D'

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)D

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)F

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2L)TW65

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Df(2L)TW161

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)

Df(2R)B

(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Df(2R)M41A10

(Sickmann et al., 2017, Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Koryakov and Zhimulev, 1996, Eberl et al., 1993, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Sharp et al., 1985, Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker and Holm, 1975, Curry, 1939)

Df(2R)NC32

(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)

Df(2R)Nipped-D263.3

(Sinclair et al., 2009)

Df(2R)PR50

(Eberl et al., 1993)

Df(2R)PRB

(Eberl et al., 1993)

Df(2R)PRF

(Eberl et al., 1993)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Ganetzky, 1977)

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

T(Y;2)J-D

Tp(2;Y)C

Inferred from location ( 2 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

stw^GD12744

lethal (with Df(2R)BSC630)

lethal (with Df(2R)BSC696)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

stw^GD12744

partially lethal

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

stw^GD12744

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

stw^GD12744

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

stw^GD12744

viable (with stw^5151-37A)

viable (with stw^f03626)

stw^5151-37A

viable (with stw^f04551)

stw^5151-37A

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal body color

abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

stw^GD12744

abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

stw^GD12744

abnormal body color (with Df(2R)BSC696)

abnormal body color (with stw^5151-37A)

abnormal body color (with stw^f03626)

stw^5151-37A

abnormal body color (with stw^f04551)

stw^5151-37A

abnormal body color | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.A

stw^KK105443

abnormal body color | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.E

stw^KK105443

abnormal body color | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4^GMR42D04

stw^KK105443

abnormal body color | recessive

stw^D

abnormal mating | male, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.A

stw^KK105443

abnormal mating | male, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.E

stw^KK105443

abnormal mating | male, with Scer\GAL4^GMR42D04

stw^KK105443

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

stw^GD12744

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.A

stw^KK105443

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.E

stw^KK105443

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR42D04

stw^KK105443

visible | recessive

visible | semidominant

stw^D

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

aedeagus, with Scer\GAL4^GMR42D04

stw^KK105443

macrochaeta

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

stw^GD12744

microchaeta

stw^unspecified

sex comb, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.A

stw^KK105443

sex comb, with Scer\GAL4^42D04.E

stw^KK105443

sex comb, with Scer\GAL4^GMR42D04

stw^KK105443

sex comb tooth, with Scer\GAL4^GMR42D04

stw^KK105443

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

stw^GD12744

wing

wing (with stw^5151-37A)

wing (with stw^f03626)

stw^5151-37A

wing (with stw^f04551)

stw^5151-37A

wing blade posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

stw^GD12744

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (5)

Hsap\CP

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HEPHL1

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HEPH

3 of 14

Yes

Hsap\F5

2 of 14

Yes

Hsap\F8

2 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)

Rnor\Cp

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Heph

3 of 14

Yes

Rnor\F5

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Hephl1

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\F8

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)

Mmus\Cp

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Hephl1

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Heph

3 of 14

Yes

Mmus\F8

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)

Xtro\hephl1

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\cp

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\f5

2 of 13

Yes

Xtro\f8

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC105945636

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC105947063

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC105947258

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)

Drer\cp

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\hephl1a

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\hephl1b

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\f5

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\f8

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\F21D5.3

11 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006176

11 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003738

6 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008731

6 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008732

5 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006185

3 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP003034

1 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008733

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (41)

Atha\AT5G21100

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G21105

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G39830

11 of 13

Yes

9 of 13

9 of 13

9 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

8 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

Yes

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

Yes

Atha\SKU5

4 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

Yes

Atha\LPR2

2 of 13

Yes

Atha\sks12

2 of 13

Atha\sks14

2 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

Scer\FET3

9 of 13

Yes

Scer\FET5

9 of 13

Yes

Scer\GMC1

6 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\fio1

9 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)

Ecol\cueO

5 of 11

Yes

Ecol\ftsP

5 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:stw. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

11 of 13

11 of 13

10 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CP; ceruloplasmin

model of aceruloplasminemia

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CP; ceruloplasmin

4 of 14

117700

ACERULOPLASMINEMIA; ACEP

aceruloplasminemia

HEPHL1; hephaestin like 1

4 of 14

618455

ABNORMAL HAIR, JOINT LAXITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; HJDD

HEPH; hephaestin

3 of 14

300167

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-55

Cytogenetic map

41F1-41F1

Sequence location

2R:5,413,744..5,456,095 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

41F1-41F1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}vlc⁰⁷⁰²²&P{lacW}l(2)09851^k08138 and P{PZ}l(2)09851⁰⁹⁸⁵¹&P{lacW}Src42A^k10108

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-55

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-55.5

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-55.1

(Mossige, 1939)

Left of (cM)

(Sturtevant, 1949)

Right of (cM)

(Tano, 1966, Sturtevant, 1949)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (37)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

412

stw¹

413

stw²

415

stw⁵

1056

lt¹ rl¹ stw³

18785

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}stw^f04551/CyO

4011

101558

105898

106187

v100070

v101687

v22959

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12744}v22959

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (20)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (101)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

FI18602

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S1 : An S1 cell line stably expressing an inducible stw exon 1-3 construct was generated.
(Liang et al., 2017)
New stable cell line derived from S1 : Stable cell lines were constructed for expression of stw or dati.
(Huang et al., 2018)
New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : S2 cell lines expressing circCG32369, circMCPH1, circeIF5B, circrl, circPde11, circCG17715, circzfh2, circTao, circcrol, circdrn, circMeltrin, circpxb, circfru, circdati, circstw, circSarm, circStim, circCG2991, circPvr, circHil, circmub, circsxc, circbnl, and circCG9743 were created. The author reports new stable cell lines S2-circMCPH1, S2-circCG32369, S2-Flag-Ddx56 , and S2-Flag-gw.
(Su et al., 2024)

Other Comments

New annotation (CG32838) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Mutant alleles are useful as markers in clonal analysis.

(Lawrence et al., 1986)

Haplo-insufficient; heterozygous deficiency for stw produces paling of body colour.

(Lawrence et al., 1986)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG30437 CG32838

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)

Source for merge of: CG10398 CG10408

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Source for merge of: stw laccase2

(Sickmann et al., 2017)

Additional comments

Annotations CG30437 and CG32838 merged as CG42345 in release 5.9 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)

Annotations CG10398 and CG10408 merged as CG30437 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: laccase2 CG42345

(Riedel et al., 2011)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG10398

CG10408

(Misra, 2001.7.30)

CG30437

(Dittmer and Kanost, 2010, Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Rossi et al., 2007)

CG32838

(Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Rossi et al., 2007)

CG42345

(Sickmann et al., 2017, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Bettedi et al., 2011, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Riedel et al., 2011, Sharma et al., 2011, Sinclair et al., 2009, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)

Laccase2

(Massey et al., 2019)

MCO2

(Bettedi et al., 2011)

laccase2

(Sickmann et al., 2017)

str

(Wright, 1987)

straw

(Joseph and Lai, 2021)

stw

(Everman and Macdonald, 2024, Sickmann et al., 2017)

Name Synonyms

CG30437

CG32838

Laccase

(Thimmegowda et al., 2020)

Laccase-2

(Barek et al., 2022)

Laccase2

(Yamamoto and Seto, 2014)

laccase 2

(Riedel et al., 2011)

straw

(Sickmann et al., 2017, Wright, 1987)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0003544
FBgn0259247
FBgn0050437
FBgn0033022
FBgn0033023
FBgn0052838

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 57 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35494

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

A0A0B4KF30

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

A0A0B4KF30

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35494/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0286203

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0286203

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG42345

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

35494

Linkouts

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0259247

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0286203

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG42345

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC010489

References (99)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.11

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