FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\dysf
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dysf
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
dysfusion
Annotation Symbol
CG32474
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0290398
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
20 publicly available
Gene Summary
dysfusion (dysf) encodes a transcription factor that forms a DNA binding complex with the product of tgo to activate target genes. It is involved in in migration, adhesion, and fusion of tracheal cells, as well as tarsal joint formation during leg development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dys, cranky, l(3)CHh, dNXFL

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
96F12-96F14
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-89
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:26076592..26098711
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Ooe et al., 2007)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tgo; FB:FBgn0264075
(Jiang and Crews, 2007)
enables protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tgo; FB:FBgn0264075
(Ooe et al., 2007)
contributes_to sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Ooe et al., 2007)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Jiang and Crews, 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001889196
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:ss; FB:FBgn0003513
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
enables protein dimerization activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011598
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001889196
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in branch fusion, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jiang and Crews, 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
inferred from expression pattern
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jiang and Crews, 2006)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Córdoba and Estella, 2014)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Ooe et al., 2007)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Jiang and Crews, 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:ss; FB:FBgn0003513
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548738
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Jiang and Crews, 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tgo; FB:FBgn0264075
(Ooe et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008588220
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in nucleus
inferred by curator from GO:0003700
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
inferred by curator from GO:0003700,GO:0043565
(Ooe et al., 2007)
part_of transcription regulator complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000548957
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
dysfusion (dysf) encodes a transcription factor that forms a DNA binding complex with the product of tgo to activate target genes. It is involved in in migration, adhesion, and fusion of tracheal cells, as well as tarsal joint formation during leg development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

bHLH-PAS protein expressed in tracheal fusion cells and required for tracheal fusion - forms a DNA binding complex with Tango to activate target genes - functions in tarsal joint formation during leg development

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dysf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VBH3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
dysf-RB
FBtr0113293
NM_001104465
3353
884
dysf-RC
FBtr0113294
NM_001104466
4195
917
dysf-RD
FBtr0300618
NM_170258
3959
920
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
dysf-PB
FBpp0112205
98.0
884
7.37
A8JRD4
NP_001097935
ABW08775
dysf-PC
FBpp0112206
101.6
917
7.31
A8JRD5
NP_001097936
ABW08776
dysf-PD
FBpp0289845
102.0
920
7.31
Q9VBH3
NP_733137
AAF56569
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dysf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.23

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11
stomatogastric nervous system primordium
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anal pad primordium

Comment: reported as anal pad specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval foregut atrium | precursor

Comment: reported as atrium primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
cardiogenic mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
large intestine primordium

Comment: reported as large intestine specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 15
anal pad primordium
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
hindgut proper primordium | anterior
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
embryonic stomatogastric nervous system
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 13
cibarium primordium
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
frontal ganglion primordium
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic leading edge cell
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
tracheal fusion cell
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic hindgut
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
anal pad primordium
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic/larval ventral tracheal anastomosis
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic anal pad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic large intestine
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic leading edge cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 14 -- 15
embryonic leading edge cell
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
larval labial organ
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
embryonic anal pad
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
embryonic hindgut | anterior
(Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
tracheal fusion cell
(Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)
embryonic stage 12 -- 15
tracheal fusion cell of tracheal dorsal trunk primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
tracheal fusion cell of tracheal lateral trunk primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic stage 14
cibarium primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
frontal ganglion primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic leading edge cell
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic hindgut
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
anal pad primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic/larval ventral tracheal anastomosis
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic stage 14 -- 15
tracheal fusion cell
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
tracheal fusion cell of dorsal tracheal branch primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
tracheal fusion cell of ganglionic tracheal branch primordium
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
tracheal fusion cell of embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
tracheal fusion cell of embryonic/larval tracheal lateral trunk
• nucleus
(Jiang and Crews, 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data

By stage 12, wild-type embryos contain two tracheal fusion cells labeled by

(Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)

nuclear dysf, staining at each dorsal trunk fusion joint.

(Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)
Marker for
 
tracheal fusion cell
(Laplante et al., 2010)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Jiang and Crews, 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tgo; FB:FBgn0264075
(Ooe et al., 2007)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{dysf-GFP.C1.7.nls}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
tracheal fusion cell
(Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dysf in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dysf
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dysf
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(3R)Exel6204)
lethal | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell migration | clone of cells | oogenesis
abnormal cell migration | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
decreased cell number | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4c306
decreased cell number | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
increased cell number | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
increased cell number | oogenesis (with dysf2)
increased cell number | oogenesis (with dysf3)
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Dll.PU
visible | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult visceral tracheal branch | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
arista (with dysf2)
arista (with dysf3)
border follicle cell | clone of cells
border follicle cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4c306
border follicle cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
border follicle cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
border follicle cell | increased number (with dysf2)
border follicle cell | increased number (with dysf3)
dorsal tracheal branch primordium | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch (with dysf2)
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch (with dysf3)
embryonic/larval ganglionic tracheal branch (with dysf2)
embryonic/larval ganglionic tracheal branch (with dysf3)
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk (with dysf2)
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk (with dysf3)
embryonic/larval tracheal lateral trunk (with dysf2)
embryonic/larval tracheal lateral trunk (with dysf3)
femur, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
fifth segment of antenna (with dysf2)
fifth segment of antenna (with dysf3)
follicle cell | germline clone | oogenesis
ganglionic tracheal branch primordium | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
leg disc | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
leg disc | prepupal stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
leg joint, with Scer\GAL4Dll.PU
leg joint (with dysf2)
leg joint (with dysf3)
leg joint | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4Dll.PU
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
tarsal segment (with dysf2)
tarsal segment (with dysf3)
tibia, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
tracheal dorsal trunk primordium | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
tracheal lateral trunk primordium | embryonic stage 16, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (28)
Hsap\NPAS4
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\AHR
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AHRR
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ARNT2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ARNT
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ARNTL2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMAL1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\CLOCK
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\EPAS1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HELT
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HEY1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HEY2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HEYL
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HIF1A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HIF3A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NCOA1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NCOA2
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\NCOA3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NPAS1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPAS2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NPAS3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PER1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\PER2
1 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\PER3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SIM1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SIM2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\USF1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\USF2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (16)
Rnor\Npas4
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ahr
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ahrr
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arnt2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arntl2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arntl
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Arnt
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Clock
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Epas1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hif1a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hif3a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ncoa2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Npas1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Npas2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sim1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sim2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
Mmus\Npas4
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ahr
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Mmus\Ahrr
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arnt2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arntl2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arntl
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arnt
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Clock
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Epas1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hif1a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hif3a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ncoa1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ncoa2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Npas1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Npas2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Npas3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sim1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sim2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (11)
Xtro\npas4
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ahrr
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\arnt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\helt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hey1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\htr2b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ncoa2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\npas3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\per2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\reep3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sim1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (27)
Drer\npas4a
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\npas4b
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\npas4l
6 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ahr1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahr1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahr2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ahrrb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arnt2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arnt
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\clocka
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\clockb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\epas1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\epas1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1aa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1ab
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1al2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hif1al
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ncoa2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\npas1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\npas2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\npas3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\per3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sim1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\sim1b
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\cky-1
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ahr-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\aha-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\hif-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\hlh-34
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (15)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003965
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000056
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000773
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001856
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002942
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003844
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005655
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005711
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006022
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007450
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009664
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009748
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010058
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010259
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012873
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:dysf. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)
sima
3 of 13
trh
3 of 13
sim
2 of 13
ss
2 of 13
Clk
1 of 13
cwo
1 of 13
cyc
1 of 13
gce
1 of 13
Hey
1 of 13
Met
1 of 13
per
1 of 13
tgo
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    NPAS4; neuronal PAS domain protein 4
    11 of 14
    608554
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-89
        Cytogenetic map
        96F12-96F14
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        96F12-96F14
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-89

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-87.5

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (20)
        Genomic Clones (20)
        cDNA Clones (8)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Jiang and Crews, 2003)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  The ability of dys to inhibit cell migration and promote tracheal fusion requires the ability to bind DNA (removal of the basic domain removes this ability).

                  (Jiang and Crews, 2006)

                  RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

                  (Boutros et al., 2004)

                  dys is required for tracheal fusion events; it is required for dorsal branch, lateral trunk and ganglionic branch fusion but not for fusion of the dorsal trunk.

                  (Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of

                  Source for merge of: dys CG14554 CG12561 CG14553 CG14552

                  (Jiang and Crews, 2002.1.5)

                  Source for merge of: dysf l(3)CHh

                  (Popodi et al., 2025.8.28)
                  Additional comments

                  Annotations CG14554, CG14553, CG14552, CG12561 merged as CG32474 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                  (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: dys cranky

                  (Crews, 2003.2.11)

                  Source for identity of: dysf dys

                  (FlyBase, 2009-)
                  Nomenclature comments

                  Renamed from 'dys' to 'dysf' to reduce confusion with the 'Dys' ('Dystrophin') gene symbol, from which it differed only by case.

                  (FlyBase, 2009-)
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (19)
                  Reported As
                  Symbol Synonym
                  CG12561
                  (Jiang and Crews, 2003, Ledent and Vervoort, 2001, Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
                  CG14552
                  (Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  CG14553
                  (Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  CG14554
                  (Yamamoto et al., 2009.2.25, Boutros et al., 2004, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  CG32474
                  (Meadows, 2017.9.14, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Ooe et al., 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  DYSF
                  (Percival-Smith, 2017)
                  Dys
                  (Choi et al., 2011, Laplante et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2007, Ooe et al., 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2005)
                  Dysf
                  (Jones et al., 2025, Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Ruiz-Losada et al., 2018)
                  NXFL
                  (Ooe et al., 2007)
                  dNXFL
                  (Ooe et al., 2007, Ooe, 2002.10.30)
                  dys
                  (Kojima, 2017, Miao and Hayashi, 2016, Kern et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Chandran et al., 2014, Córdoba and Estella, 2014, Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013, Choi et al., 2011, Morozova et al., 2010, Yamamoto et al., 2009.2.25, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Araujo et al., 2007, Crews, 2007.1.6, Jiang and Crews, 2007, Cook, 2006.8.29, Cook, 2006.9.19, Hoskins et al., 2005, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  dysf
                  (Barbaste et al., 2023, Deshpande et al., 2022, Zhe et al., 2020, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2019-, Nixon et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Rohde et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Schertel et al., 2015)
                  l(3)CHh
                  (Crews, 2007.1.6)
                  Name Synonyms
                  Dysfusion
                  (Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Choi et al., 2011, Laplante et al., 2010, Morozova et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2007, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Crews and Brenman, 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2005)
                  NXF-like-factor
                  (Ooe et al., 2007)
                  complementation group 10
                  (Crews, 2007.1.6)
                  cranky
                  (Ooe et al., 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2002.1.5)
                  dysfusion
                  (Miao and Hayashi, 2016, Matsuda et al., 2015, Córdoba and Estella, 2014, Jiang et al., 2010, Araujo et al., 2007, Ooe et al., 2007, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2003)
                  lethal (3) CHh
                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                  • FBgn0039411
                  • FBgn0039409
                  • FBgn0039410
                  • FBgn0039412
                  • FBgn0086424
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 32 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                  References (86)