FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\pcm
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\pcm
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pacman
Annotation Symbol
CG3291
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020261
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
12 publicly available
Gene Summary
pacman (pcm) encodes an exoribonuclease that degrades decapped mRNA. It is involved in epithelial closure, male fertility, apoptosis and growth control. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

XRN1, dXRN1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
18C7-18C7
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-62
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:19485759..19492011
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 5'-3' exonuclease activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016494
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables exonuclease activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004859
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables nucleic acid binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004859
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (15 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grima et al., 2008)
involved_in imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grima et al., 2008)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grima et al., 2008)
involved_in mRNA catabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Nishioka et al., 2018)
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Waldron et al., 2015)
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Psc; FB:FBgn0005624
(Nishioka et al., 2018)
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kashima et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pix; FB:FBgn0086706
(Kashima et al., 2014)
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rehwinkel et al., 2005)
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bönisch et al., 2007)
involved_in positive regulation of imaginal disc growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Waldron et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2008)
involved_in regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rehwinkel et al., 2005)
involved_in spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
involved_in wound healing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grima et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016494
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in rRNA catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004352441
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in P-body
inferred from direct assay
(Lim et al., 2009, Lin et al., 2008, Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
pacman (pcm) encodes an exoribonuclease that degrades decapped mRNA. It is involved in epithelial closure, male fertility, apoptosis and growth control. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
5'-3' RNA EXONUCLEASES -
5'-3'-exoribonucleases catalyze the sequential degradation of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

exoribonuclease that degrades decapped mRNA - directly interacts with Decapping protein 1 to couple mRNA decapping to 5' exonucleolytic degradation - required for degradation of mRNAs targeted by NMD and RNAi - regulates polycomb silencing - regulates insulin-like peptide dilp8 and the neuropeptide-like precursor Nplp2 mRNA levels - affects apoptosis and regulates expression of hid and reaper - regulates expression of the heat shock protein Hsp67Bc and the microRNA miR-277-3p in wing imaginal discs

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pcm for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry E1JJR3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
pcm-RA
FBtr0074784
NM_078684
5260
1612
pcm-RB
FBtr0302082
NM_001169325
5384
1613
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.2 (northern blot)

(Till et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
pcm-PA
FBpp0074553
184.5
1612
7.03
Q9VWI1
NP_523408
AAF48958
pcm-PB
FBpp0291292
184.6
1613
7.03
E1JJR3
NP_001162796
ACZ95330
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1613 (aa)

(Till et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pcm using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.95

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 2 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Till et al., 1998)
embryonic stage 6 -- 10
germ band
(Till et al., 1998)
embryonic head
(Till et al., 1998)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Till et al., 1998)
adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S3
oocyte
(Till et al., 1998)
adult stage | femaleoogenesis stage S3 -- S10
nurse cell
(Till et al., 1998)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 7
organism | ubiquitous
(Till et al., 1998)
embryonic stage 1 -- 12

Comment: reference states 0-8 hr AEL

(Till et al., 1998)
adult stage | female
(Till et al., 1998)
adult stage | male
(Till et al., 1998)
adult stage & oogenesis
oocyte
(Till et al., 1998)
nurse cell
(Till et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data

pcm transcripts are abundantly expressed in 0-4 and 4-8hr embryos and in adult males and females. pcm transcripts are first detected by in situ hybridization in stage 3 egg chambers in both nurse cells and the oocyte. By stage 10, expression is mainly in nurse cells with very little expression in the oocyte. In embryos, transcripts are ubiquitously distributed and are particularly abundant in the germ band and in head structures.

(Till et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc | ubiquitous
(Waldron et al., 2015)
adult stage | male
germinal proliferation center
(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
adult stage | male & spermatogenesis
spermatogonium
• P-body
(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
primary spermatocyte
• P-body
(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S7
nurse cell

Comment: in discrete foci

(Lin et al., 2008)
oogenesis stage S2 -- S9
oocyte

Comment: concentrated at posterior end

(Lin et al., 2008)
oogenesis stage S9
nurse cell

Comment: ubiquitous

(Lin et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

pcm protein is localized to the apical end of the testis, and to cytoplasmic foci in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. pcm is colocalized with DCP1 and me31B protein in the cytoplasmic foci.

(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in P-body
inferred from direct assay
(Lim et al., 2009, Lin et al., 2008, Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\pcm in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pcm
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pcm
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal - all die during P-stage
lethal - all die during pupal stage
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority live | cold sensitive (with Df(1)JA27)
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile | recessive
semi-fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage
abnormal developmental rate | third instar larval stage
abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal size | adult stage
abnormal size | third instar larval stage
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL469B
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
abnormal wound healing
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL469B
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
increased cell death | third instar larval stage
increased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL469B
visible, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible (with Df(1)JA27)
visible | cold sensitive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
egg chamber | oogenesis stage S9
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with Df(1)JA27)
eye disc | third instar larval stage
haltere disc | third instar larval stage
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
metathoracic femur | cold sensitive
metathoracic leg disc | third instar larval stage
P-body | cold sensitive
P-body | cold sensitive (with Df(1)JA27)
posterior wing margin, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
posterior wing margin | cold sensitive
pupal thorax | cold sensitive (with Df(1)JA27)
spermatozoon
testis
wing
wing (with Df(1)JA27)
wing | cold sensitive
wing blade, with Scer\GAL469B
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing disc | third instar larval stage
wing pouch, with Scer\GAL469B
wing pouch, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing pouch, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing vein, with Scer\GAL469B
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\XRN1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
2  
Hsap\XRN2
4 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Xrn1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Xrn2
3 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Xrn1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Xrn2
3 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\xrn1
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\atr
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\xrn2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\xrn1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\xrn2
3 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\xrn-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\xrn-2
5 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004430
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004090
3 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\XRN2
6 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\XRN3
6 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\XRN4
6 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\XRN1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\RAT1
6 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\exo2
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\dhp1
5 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:pcm. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Rat1
7 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    pcmKK108511
    exacerbates  brain cancer
    modeled by Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS, scrib673
    (Manzanero-Ortiz et al., 2021)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    XRN1; 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1
    14 of 14
    607994
         
        XRN2; 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
        4 of 14
        608851
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            pcm
            suppressible
            Dark
            (Waldron et al., 2015)
            pcm
            suppressible
            Diap1
            (Waldron et al., 2015)
            pcm
            suppressible
            Dis3l2
            (Towler et al., 2016)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            brat
            enhanceable
            pcm
            (Komori et al., 2025)
            Dark
            suppressible
            pcm
            (Waldron et al., 2015)
            Diap1
            suppressible
            pcm
            (Waldron et al., 2015)
            mbf1|Psc
            suppressible
            pcm
            (Nishioka et al., 2018)
            Pc
            suppressible
            pcm
            (Nishioka et al., 2018)
            Pc
            enhanceable
            mbf1|pcm
            (Nishioka et al., 2018)
            Psc
            enhanceable
            pcm
            (Nishioka et al., 2018)
            Psc
            suppressible
            pcm
            (Nishioka et al., 2018)
            Psc
            enhanceable
            mbf1|pcm
            (Nishioka et al., 2018)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            X
            Recombination map
            1-62
            Cytogenetic map
            18C7-18C7
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            18C7-18C7
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1526&P{EP}PfrxEP1150 and P{EP}Tao-1EP1455
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            18C1-18C4
            (Newbury et al., 1998, Newbury and Till, 1997)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            1-62

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            1-61.6

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (12)
            Genomic Clones (13)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (31)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Grima et al., 2008, Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  Changes in expression profiles associated with the unfolded protein response have been analyzed in S2 cells following treatment with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

                  (Hollien and Weissman, 2006)

                  dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

                  (Rehwinkel et al., 2005)

                  The pcm product is required for the degradation of 3' decay intermediates.

                  (Rehwinkel et al., 2005)
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: pcm CG3291

                  (Benos, 1999.11)
                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
                  Reported As
                  Symbol Synonym
                  CG3291
                  (Sun et al., 2023, Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Ding et al., 2014, Kashima et al., 2014, Han et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hollien and Weissman, 2006, Labourier et al., 2002)
                  DmXrn1
                  (Jinek et al., 2011)
                  PCM
                  (Wang and Lin, 2021)
                  Pacman
                  (Glineburg and Nguyen, 2025)
                  Pcm
                  (Wilby and Weil, 2023, Aleman et al., 2021, Nishioka et al., 2018, Hillebrand et al., 2010, Kuan et al., 2009)
                  XRN1
                  (Hamid and Akgül, 2022, Temme et al., 2014, Nagarajan et al., 2013, Nishihara et al., 2013, Braun et al., 2012, Han et al., 2011, Lindquist et al., 2011, Haas et al., 2010, Behm-Ansmant et al., 2007, Eulalio et al., 2007, Rehwinkel et al., 2005, Rehwinkel et al., 2005, Valencia-Sanchez and Maquat, 2004)
                  XRN1/pcm
                  (Hollien and Weissman, 2006)
                  Xrn1
                  (Waldron et al., 2015, Kashima et al., 2014, Bönisch et al., 2007)
                  Xrn1p
                  (Valencia-Sanchez et al., 2006)
                  dXRN1
                  (Dai et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2019)
                  pcm
                  (Samuels et al., 2025, Bernard et al., 2024, Foley et al., 2019, Kucherenko and Shcherbata, 2018, Nelson et al., 2018, Brewer-Jensen et al., 2016, Cao et al., 2016, Jones et al., 2016, Nelson et al., 2016, Towler et al., 2016, Vedanayagam and Garrigan, 2015, Handler et al., 2013, Handler et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Nagarajan et al., 2013, Spasic et al., 2012, Han et al., 2011, Lindquist et al., 2011, Lim et al., 2009, Grima et al., 2008, Lin et al., 2008, Zabolotskaya et al., 2008, Schneider et al., 2006)
                  Name Synonyms
                  PACMAN
                  (Nagarajan et al., 2013)
                  Pacman
                  (Eichler et al., 2020, Sankaranarayanan and Weil, 2020, Han et al., 2011, Jayanandanan et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2008, Zabolotskaya et al., 2008, Barbee et al., 2006, Zaessinger et al., 2006, Rehwinkel et al., 2005, Morgan, 2002)
                  Ribonuclease 1
                  (Jayanandanan et al., 2011)
                  pacman
                  (Towler et al., 2016, Handler et al., 2013, Lim et al., 2009, Grima et al., 2008, Lin et al., 2008, Schneider et al., 2006, Newbury, 1999.5.25, Newbury and Till, 1997)
                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                    Datasets (0)
                    Study focus (0)
                    Experimental Role
                    Project
                    Project Type
                    Title
                    Study result (0)
                    Result
                    Result Type
                    Title
                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 53 )
                    Sequence Crossreferences
                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    Other crossreferences
                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                    PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
                    Linkouts
                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                    FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    References (107)