FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\myo
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\myo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
myoglianin
Annotation Symbol
CG1838
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0026199
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
23 publicly available
Gene Summary
myoglianin (myo) encodes a protein expressed primarily in muscle and glia cells. Mutations in myo affect neuronal remodeling during metamorphosis by failing to activate EcR expression in the remodeling neurons. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
102D4-102D4
Sequence location
Recombination map
4-0
RefSeq locus
NC_004353 REGION:690686..696055
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables activin receptor binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:babo; FB:FBgn0011300,FLYBASE:wit; FB:FBgn0024179
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
enables receptor ligand activity
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cytokine activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218063
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables growth factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001839, InterPro:IPR017948
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in activin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:babo; FB:FBgn0011300
(Wells et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Smox; FB:FBgn0025800
(Augustin et al., 2017)
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lee et al., 2024, Upadhyay et al., 2020, Langerak et al., 2018)
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect determination of adult lifespan
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Langerak et al., 2018)
involved_in imaginal disc growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Upadhyay et al., 2020)
involved_in mushroom body development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Awasaki et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
involved_in R8 cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wells et al., 2017)
involved_in regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hevia and de Celis, 2013)
involved_in regulation of synapse structure or activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kim and O'Connor, 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218063
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR015615
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218063
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
myoglianin (myo) encodes a protein expressed primarily in muscle and glia cells. Mutations in myo affect neuronal remodeling during metamorphosis by failing to activate EcR expression in the remodeling neurons. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18]
Pathway (FlyBase)
ACTIVIN SIGNALING PATHWAY CORE COMPONENTS -
The activin signaling pathway is one of two branches of Transforming Growth Factor-β family signaling in Drosophila. The binding of an activin family dimer to a heterodimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor complex results in the phosphorylation of Smox, a members of the Smad family. Smox forms a complex with the co-Smad, Med. This complex translocates into the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes in concert with other nuclear cofactors. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ACTIVINS -
Activins form a subfamily of the Transforming Growth Factor(TGF)-β family - a group of extracellular ligands for the TGF-β-Receptor family. The binding of an activin family dimer to a heterodimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor complex results in the phosphorylation of Smox, a member of the Smad family. Smox forms a complex with the co-Smad, Med. This complex translocates into the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes in concert with other nuclear cofactors. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

secreted Transforming growth factor-beta family ligand - secreted by glial cells during larval brain development - for neuronal expression of Ecdysone receptor

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\myo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V4F4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
myo-RA
FBtr0089092
NM_166786
2896
598
myo-RC
FBtr0089094
NM_166787
3056
598
myo-RD
FBtr0089095
NM_166788
3612
598
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.0 (northern blot)

(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
myo-PA
FBpp0088161
68.1
598
8.68
Q9V4F4
NP_726604
AAF59319
myo-PC
FBpp0088163
68.1
598
8.68
Q9V4F4
NP_726605
AAN06511
myo-PD
FBpp0088164
68.1
598
8.68
Q9V4F4
NP_726606
AAN06512
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

598 aa isoforms: myo-PA, myo-PC, myo-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

598 (aa)

(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\myo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.88

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 2
pole plasm
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
visceral muscle cell of heart primordium
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
early third instar larval stage -- wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval cell body glial cell
(Awasaki et al., 2011)
embryonic/larval astrocyte-like glial cell
(Awasaki et al., 2011)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
embryonic stage 6
primordial germ cell
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
embryonic stage 11
glioblast
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
embryonic stage 14
glial cell
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
larval visceral muscle cell
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
larval somatic muscle cell
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
larval stage
glial cell
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data

myo transcripts are expressed in cortex glia and astrocyte-like glia during the third larval instar.

(Awasaki et al., 2011)

myo transcripts are detected throughout development on northern blots with peaks in 0-2hr embryos, 12-24hr embryos, and in adults. They are uniformly distributed in preblastoderm embryos with an elevated level in the pole plasm. By stage 6, they are observed in the pole cells and reduced levels are observed in the rest of the embryo. Zygotic expression of myo is first observed at stage 11 in glial precursors and it continues to be expressed in glia until stage 15. From stage 15 on expression is detected in the somatic, visceral, and heart musculature. In third instar larvae, expression is observed in a subset of cells in the brain and ventral nerve cord that are thought to be glia.

(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\myo in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 10 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of myo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of myo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(4)C1-10a
(Podemski et al., 2004)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(4)J2
(Podemski et al., 2004)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4A9
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
lethal, with Scer\GAL4myo-CR02262-TG4.1
lethal, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
lethal (with Df(4)ED6380)
lethal (with Df(4)ED6382)
lethal (with myoC)
lethal (with myoCR02262-TG4.1)
lethal (with myoΔ1)
partially lethal, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4myo-CR02262-TG4.1
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4repo
partially lethal - majority live, with Scer\GAL4repo
viable, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4myo-CR02262-TG4.1
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female fertile
female fertile (with Df(4)ED6380)
female fertile (with Df(4)ED6382)
sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell growth, with Scer\GAL4A9
abnormal circadian rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal circadian rhythm | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE, Scer\GAL80Pdf.PS
abnormal developmental rate | prepupal stage | recessive
abnormal developmental rate | recessive | third instar larval stage
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4myo.PA, Scer\GAL80repo.PL
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4repo.8.5
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sli.PH
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
decreased cell size | larval stage
decreased size | larval stage
decreased size | larval stage | recessive
increased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW
majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4myo.PA, Scer\GAL80repo.PL
adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4repo.8.5
adult mushroom body beta-lobe, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
adult neuromuscular junction, with Scer\GAL4sli.PH
alpha/beta Kenyon cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
eye, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
eye photoreceptor cell | larval stage
gamma Kenyon cell, with Scer\GAL4myo.PA, Scer\GAL80repo.PL
gamma Kenyon cell, with Scer\GAL4repo.8.5
haltere disc | larval stage
larva, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
larva, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
larva, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
larva, with Scer\GAL4repo
larval brain
larval transverse nerve, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247
leg disc | larval stage
mesothoracic tergotrochanter muscle motor neuron, with Scer\GAL4sli.PH
muscle cell of A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 3 | larval stage
muscle cell of A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 4 | larval stage
muscle cell of ventral longitudinal muscle 3 | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
muscle cell of ventral longitudinal muscle 4 | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
presynaptic active zone | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
wing, with Scer\GAL4A9
wing, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW
wing disc | larval stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (33)
Hsap\MSTN
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\GDF11
8 of 14
No
Yes
2  
Hsap\BMP3
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GDF10
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\INHA
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\INHBA
2 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\INHBB
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\INHBC
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\INHBE
2 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\LEFTY1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LEFTY2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NODAL
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TGFB1
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\TGFB2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\TGFB3
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\AMH
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\BMP4
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\BMP5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP7
1 of 14
No
No
5  
Hsap\BMP8A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP8B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP10
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMP15
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF9
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GDF15
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (31)
Rnor\Mstn
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gdf11
8 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Bmp3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf10
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Inha
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Inhba
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Inhbb
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Inhbc
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Inhbe
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nodal
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tgfb1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tgfb2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tgfb3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp7
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp8a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp8b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp10
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bmp15
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gdf3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf7
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gdf15
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lefty1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Lefty2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (33)
Mmus\Mstn
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gdf11
8 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Bmp3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf10
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Inha
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Inhba
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Inhbb
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Inhbc
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Inhbe
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nodal
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tgfb1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tgfb2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tgfb3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Amh
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp7
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp8a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp8b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp10
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bmp15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gdf2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf7
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf9
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gdf15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lefty1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Lefty2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (38)
Xtro\mstn.1
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\gdf11.1
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\lrrc30
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\mstn.2
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\bmp3
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\inha
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\inhba
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\inhbc.2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC101734287
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tgfb1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tgfb2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\admp2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\admp
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\amh
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\artn
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\bmp2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bmp5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bmp6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bmp7.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bmp8
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cand1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gdf1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gdf2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gdf3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gdf5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gdf6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gdf7
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gdf9
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\inhbc.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC101732995
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101734157
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101734231
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nodal2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nodal3.1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nodal3.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nodal5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nodal
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nrtn
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (42)
Drer\mstnb
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gdf11
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\mstna
7 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\bmp3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf10a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf10b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\inha
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\inhbaa
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\inhbab
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\inhbb
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\lft1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\lft2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100329520
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100332902
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tgfb1a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tgfb1b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tgfb2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tgfb3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tgfb5
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\admp
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp5
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp7a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp7b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp8a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp10
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bmp10l
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\bmp15
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\bmp16
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf5
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf6a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf6b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf7
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gdf9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC101885590
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ndr1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\spaw
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\daf-7
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\unc-129
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\dbl-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\tig-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\tig-3
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005289
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000342
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000824
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007987
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011934
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012076
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:myo. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
daw
3 of 13
dpp
3 of 13
gbb
3 of 13
mav
3 of 13
scw
3 of 13
Actβ
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
MSTN; myostatin
9 of 14
601788
 
GDF11; growth differentiation factor 11
8 of 14
GROWTH/DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 11; GDF11
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
myo - tld
inferred by author, enzymatic study, western blot
(Serpe and O'Connor, 2006)
myo - tok
inferred by author, enzymatic study, western blot
(Serpe and O'Connor, 2006)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
myo
suppressible
plum
(Yu et al., 2013)
myo
suppressible
sgg
(Augustin et al., 2017)
myo
suppressible
Smox
(Augustin et al., 2017)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Mad
suppressible
myo
(Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007)
plum
suppressible
myo
(Yu et al., 2013)
sgg
suppressible
myo
(Augustin et al., 2017)
Smox
suppressible
myo
(Upadhyay et al., 2020, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007)
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
4
Recombination map
4-0
Cytogenetic map
102D4-102D4
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
102D4-102D4
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
102C-102C
(Lo, 1999.3.3)
102C-102C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Lo and Frasch, 1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

4-0

(FlyBase, 2016)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (23)
Genomic Clones (13)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (88)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      Gene expression is increased in response to the presence of two copies of Scer\GAL4hs.PB.

      (Liu and Lehmann, 2008)
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: myoglianin BcDNA:LD02307

      (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: myoglianin CG1838

      (Zhong, 1999.11)

      Source for identity of: myo myoglianin

      (Awasaki et al., 2011)
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      BcDNA:LD02307
      CG1838
      (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Mosallanejad et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Schneider et al., 2006, Labourier et al., 2002)
      DmMyo
      (Wisotzkey and Newfeld, 2020)
      MYO
      (Fuentes-Medel et al., 2012, Bickel et al., 2008, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007)
      Myg
      (Bastin and Eleftherianos, 2023)
      Myo
      (Liu et al., 2024, Boulanger and Dura, 2022, Furusawa and Emoto, 2021, Khan et al., 2021, Léopold, 2021, Marmor-Kollet et al., 2019, Langerak et al., 2018, Chng et al., 2017, Song et al., 2017, Upadhyay et al., 2017, Alfa and Kim, 2016, Droujinine and Perrimon, 2016, Yaniv and Schuldiner, 2016, Ting et al., 2014, Corty and Freeman, 2013, Yu et al., 2013, Serpe and O'Connor, 2006)
      Myoglianin
      (Corty and Freeman, 2013, Sousa-Neves et al., 2005)
      myg
      (Pentek et al., 2009)
      myo
      (Stinchfield et al., 2026, Liu et al., 2025, Yi et al., 2025, Huang et al., 2023, Krejčová et al., 2023, Lassetter et al., 2023, Fourth Chromosome Resource Project and Newfeld, 2022-, Deng et al., 2021, Fabian et al., 2021, Herrera et al., 2021, Kim and O'Connor, 2021, Ravenscroft et al., 2021, Prat-Rojo et al., 2020, Upadhyay et al., 2020, Park et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Hoyer et al., 2018, Song et al., 2018, Makhijani et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wells et al., 2017, Beckwith et al., 2013, Hevia and de Celis, 2013, Yu et al., 2013, Awasaki et al., 2011, Awasaki et al., 2011)
      myoglianin
      (Sarov et al., 2016, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Schneider et al., 2006, Podemski et al., 2004)
      Name Synonyms
      DmMyoglianin
      (Wisotzkey and Newfeld, 2020)
      Myoglianin
      (Tay and Pek, 2019, Yaniv and Schuldiner, 2016, Ting et al., 2014, Ting et al., 2014, Yu et al., 2013, Fuentes-Medel et al., 2012, Pentek et al., 2009, Bickel et al., 2008, Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007, Parker and Arora, 2002)
      myoglianin
      (Jawkar and Nongthomba, 2020, Melnikova et al., 2020, Yang et al., 2012, Awasaki et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Nechaev et al., 2010)
      myoglianine
      (Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0064928
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (130)