FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Sp7
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Sp7
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Serine protease 7
Annotation Symbol
CG3066
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0037515
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Serine protease 7 (Sp7) encodes a hemolymphatic serine protease involved in the activation of the melanization cascade. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

MP2, PAE1, Melanization Protease 2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:7759786..7763947
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proteolysis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001207268
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001254, InterPro:IPR018114
inferred from sequence model
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001207268
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (Q9V3Z2)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Serine protease 7 (Sp7) encodes a hemolymphatic serine protease involved in the activation of the melanization cascade. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
S1A SERINE PROTEASES - TRYPSIN-LIKE -
Trypsin-like serine proteases of the S1A family are endopeptidases that cleave amide substrates following Arginine or Lysine at the P1 position. (Adapted from FBrf0239469).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Serine protease that, by cleaving and activating prophenoloxidase (PPO1) after immune challenge, plays an essential role in the melanization immune response to septic wounding (PubMed:16256951, PubMed:16322759, PubMed:16861233, PubMed:19071960, PubMed:24260243). May function in diverse Hayan-dependent PPO1-activating cascades that are negatively controlled by different serpin proteins; Spn27A in the hemolymph and Spn77BA in the trachea (PubMed:16322759, PubMed:18854145, PubMed:24260243). Important for the innate immune response to fungi (PubMed:16861233). Regulation of melanization and PPO1 activation appears to be largely independent of the Toll signaling pathway (PubMed:16861233).
(UniProt, Q9V3Z2)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sp7 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V3Z2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 6.03

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0081740
1851
391
FBtr0339180
1418
391
FBtr0339181
1939
391
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0081237
43.1
391
6.59
FBpp0308321
43.1
391
6.59
FBpp0308322
43.1
391
6.59
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

391 aa isoforms: Sp7-PA, Sp7-PE, Sp7-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Spn27A.

(UniProt, Q9V3Z2)
Domain

The clip domain consists of 35-55 residues which are 'knitted' together usually by 3 conserved disulfide bonds forming a clip-like compact structure.

(UniProt, Q9V3Z2)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sp7 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.63

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Sp7 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Sp7
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Sp7
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (99)
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
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1  
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2 of 14
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No
1  
2 of 14
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Yes
2 of 14
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2 of 14
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1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
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No
1  
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No
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No
1  
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1  
1 of 14
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No
1  
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1  
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Yes
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1  
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No
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No
1  
1 of 14
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No
1  
1 of 14
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1  
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1  
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1  
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1  
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (91)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
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No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
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1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (99)
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
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No
No
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No
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No
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No
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No
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No
2 of 14
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2 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (95)
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
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Yes
No
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No
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No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
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No
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No
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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1 of 13
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Yes
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Yes
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1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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No
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No
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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1 of 13
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No
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No
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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No
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1 of 13
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1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (79)
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
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No
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2 of 14
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1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (13)
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (263)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
5 of 12
No
Yes
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
Yes
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
Yes
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
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No
No
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No
2 of 12
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2 of 12
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No
1 of 12
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No
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No
1 of 12
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No
1 of 12
No
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Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Sp7. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (207)
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Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with Spn27A.
    (UniProt, Q9V3Z2 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-48
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    84D14-84E1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3060EP3060 and P{PZ}grn05930
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (11)
    Genomic Clones (26)
    cDNA Clones (12)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                RNAi of Sp7 reduces melanization at the wound site of infections, indicating that it is involved in the prophenoloxidase cascade.

                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: CG3066 anon-Ryu

                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: Sp7 CG3066

                Source for identity of: Sp7 MP2

                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                MP2/sp7/PAE1
                anon-Ryu
                Name Synonyms
                Melanization Protease 2
                Serine protease-7
                prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme
                prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme 1
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0040241
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (103)