FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\sw

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\sw

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

short wing

Annotation Symbol

CG18000

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003654

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

8 publicly available

Gene Summary

short wing (sw) encodes the non-catalytic intermediate chain subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. It contributes to wing development, eye development, oocyte development and polarity, mitotic cell division, and neuronal transport and neurogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Cdic, Dic, IC, dynein intermediate chain, 17-234

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

19C1-19C1

Sequence location

X:20,227,961..20,236,382 [-]

Recombination map

1-64

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:20227961..20236382

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables dynactin binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:DCTN1-p150; FB:FBgn0001108

(Morgan et al., 2011)

enables dynein light chain binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q24117

(Hall et al., 2009, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q94524

(Hall et al., 2009, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ctp; FB:FBgn0011760

(Song et al., 2007)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dlc90F; FB:FBgn0024432

(Song et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables dynein heavy chain binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000277823

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P54703

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables dynein light chain binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000277823

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (10 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in axo-dendritic transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zheng et al., 2008)

involved_in cellularization

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dop; FB:FBgn0267390

(Hain et al., 2014)

involved_in centrosome localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005)

involved_in eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:DCTN1-p150; FB:FBgn0001108

(Whited et al., 2004)

involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zheng et al., 2008)

involved_in microtubule-based movement

inferred from direct assay

(Zheng et al., 2008)

involved_in protein localization to kinetochore

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dzhindzhev et al., 2005)

involved_in sperm individualization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)

involved_in spindle organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in microtubule-based movement

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR025956

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in transport along microtubule

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000277824

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

part_of protein-containing complex

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hall et al., 2009, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR025956

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000277824

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN INTERMEDIATE CHAINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the dynein intermediate chain family. (Q24246)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN INTERMEDIATE CHAINS -: Dyneins are minus end-directed microtubule motor protein complexes. Cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chains are subunits of dynein complexes. They interact with dynein cargo and link cytoplasmic dynein to dynactin. (Adapted from FBrf0214141 and PMID:24064538).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. The intermediate chains mediate the help dynein bind to dynactin 150 kDa component (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q24246)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

sw: short wing

sw: short wing

From Eker, 1935, J. Genet. 30: 357-68.

Above 23, most sw1 flies have spread and incised wings with irregular veins; eyes reduced and roughened. Male expression more extreme than female. 15% of males eclose at 25; show wing and eye abnormalities (Schalet, 1969, DIS 43: 128); above 31, sw is lethal. At 17, most flies are wild type; at 14, all are wild type. +/Df(1)mal10 and +/sw exhibit short-wing phenotype in presence of RpII215Ubl (Mortin and Lefevre, 1981, Chromosoma 82: 237-47). RK2 at 28.

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sw for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q24246)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

sw-RA

FBtr0089397

NM_057726

2699

634

sw-RB

FBtr0089398

NM_057729

2841

627

sw-RC

FBtr0089399

NM_057728

2838

626

sw-RD

FBtr0089400

NM_057721

2889

643

sw-RE

FBtr0089401

NM_057730

3070

642

sw-RF

FBtr0089402

NM_057731

2910

650

sw-RG

FBtr0089403

NM_057722

2868

636

sw-RH

FBtr0089404

NM_057723

2702

635

sw-RI

FBtr0089405

NM_057724

2678

627

sw-RJ

FBtr0089406

NM_057727

2786

663

sw-RK

FBtr0089407

NM_057725

2756

653

sw-RL

FBtr0089408

NM_206799

3032

643

sw-RM

FBtr0089409

NM_206798

2873

643

sw-RN

FBtr0340360

NM_001298557

2862

634

sw-RO

FBtr0340361

NM_001298558

2889

643

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.8 (northern blot)

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

sw-PA

FBpp0088419

70.2

634

5.03

FBpp0088420

69.5

627

5.09

NP_477077

AAN09557

sw-PC

FBpp0088421

69.4

626

5.09

NP_477076

AAN09556

sw-PD

FBpp0088422

71.5

643

4.82

FBpp0088423

71.4

642

4.82

FBpp0088424

72.2

650

4.78

NP_477079

AAN09561

sw-PG

FBpp0088425

70.6

636

4.81

NP_477070

AAN09555

sw-PH

FBpp0088426

70.6

635

4.81

NP_477071

AAN09554

sw-PI

FBpp0088427

69.4

627

5.03

NP_477072

AAN09553

sw-PJ

FBpp0088428

73.9

663

4.91

FBpp0088429

72.9

653

4.87

FBpp0089020

71.5

643

4.82

FBpp0089021

71.5

643

4.82

FBpp0309318

70.2

634

5.03

FBpp0309319

71.4

643

4.78

X2JLF7

NP_001285487

AHN59957

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

634 aa isoforms: sw-PA, sw-PN

643 aa isoforms: sw-PD, sw-PL, sw-PM

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

653, 650, 643, 642, 636, 635, 634, 627, 626, 163 (aa)

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer. The cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex consists of two catalytic heavy chains (HCs) and a number of non-catalytic subunits presented by intermediate chains (ICs), light intermediate chains (LICs) and light chains (LCs).

(UniProt, Q24246)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sw using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.20

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage & adult stage

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

"Cdic1a" is one of the major forms of sw mRNA expressed in the fly. It is constitutively expressed and together with "Cdic2a" and "Cdic2b" makes up over 70% if the sw mRNA in adults, embryos and all tested body parts.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic5a" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the head and to a lesser extent in the torso.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic5b" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the head and to a lesser extent in the torso.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic1b" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the ovary.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic1c" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the ovary.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic2a" is one of the major forms of sw mRNA expressed in the fly. It is constitutively expressed and together with "Cdic1a" and "Cdic2b" makes up over 70% if the sw mRNA in adults, embryos and all tested body parts.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic2b" is one of the major forms of sw mRNA expressed in the fly. It is constitutively expressed and together with "Cdic1a" and "Cdic2a" makes up over 70% if the sw mRNA in adults, embryos and all tested body parts.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic2c" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is constitutively expressed at a low level.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic3a" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the ovary.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic3b" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the ovary.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

"Cdic4" is a minor form of sw mRNA which is up-regulated in the ovary.

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

part_of protein-containing complex

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hall et al., 2009, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sw in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\sw

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\sw

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003654

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

44160/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003654

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003654

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003654

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG18000

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003654

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 31 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sw

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sw

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 73 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 73 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)17-25

(Munoz, 2004.1.5)

Df(1)18-36

(Munoz, 2004.1.5)

Df(1)228

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)BSC586

(Cook et al., 2008.9.3)

Df(1)BSC587

(Cook et al., 2008.9.3)

Df(1)BSC648

(Christensen et al., 2008.10.20)

Df(1)BSC872

(Cook and Cook, 2010.2.17)

Df(1)D5

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)HF396

(Craymer and Roy, 1980)

Df(1)HM44

(Miklos et al., 1986, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)mal3

(Boylan and Hays, 2002, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal4

(Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal5

(Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal7

(Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal8

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal9

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Df(1)mal10

(Paradi et al., 1983, Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal11

(Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal12

(Paradi et al., 1983, Chovnick et al., 1969)

Df(1)mal17

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹⁰⁷

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹⁰⁸

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹¹³

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹²⁶

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;f)3

(Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Dp(1;f)52

(Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Dp(1;Y)mal⁺

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹¹³

(Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹²⁶

(Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal⁺

(Eeken et al., 1985, Lefevre, 1981)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(1)16-2-5

(Munoz, 2004.1.5)

Df(1)16-3-35

(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)16-129

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)17-137

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)120

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)127

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)136

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)156

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)167

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)208

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)216

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)217

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)218

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)A118

(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985, Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)D43L1

(Kramers et al., 1991, Eeken et al., 1985, Paradi et al., 1983, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)DCB1-35c

(Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)HM45

(Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)mal6

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)mal13

(Chovnick et al., 1969, Schalet and Finnerty, 1968)

Df(1)Q539

(Kramers et al., 1991, Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)Sp20A-F

(Schalet, 1986)

Df(1)su(f)4B

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)T100

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T101

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T103

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T105

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T106

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T107

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T110

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T113

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T114

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T122

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T123

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T124

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T130

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T136

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T137

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)T138

(Paradi et al., 1983)

Df(1)y-X15

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Dp(1;Y)su(f)^-

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹¹⁸

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Gene not duplicated in

Dp(1;Y)59k9-4

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1;Y)Bar^S

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Dp(1;Y)y²67g19.1

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹⁰²

(Chovnick et al., 1969)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺mal¹²⁶

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Inferred from location ( 11 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal (with sw¹)

lethal (with sw²)

sw¹

lethal (with sw⁵)

sw¹

lethal (with sw⁶)

sw¹

lethal (with sw⁷)

sw¹

lethal | heat sensitive (with Df(1)mal3)

sw¹

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with sw¹)

sw¹⁵

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with sw¹⁵)

sw¹

lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage | recessive

sw¹²²⁹

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

sw^GD17212

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sw^GD17212

viable

sw¹

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

sw¹⁶

semi-fertile

sw¹

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with sw¹)

sw¹²²⁹

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with sw¹²²⁹)

sw¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | temperature conditional

sw¹

paralytic | larval stage

sw^Dic-2

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sw^GD17212

some die during pupal stage (with sw¹)

sw¹⁵

some die during pupal stage (with sw¹⁵)

sw¹

some die during second instar larval stage | recessive

sw¹²²⁹

visible

sw¹

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sw^GD17212

visible (with sw¹)

visible (with sw^Dic-1)

sw¹

visible (with sw^Dic-2)

sw¹

visible (with sw^Dic-3)

sw¹

wild-type

sw^+t11

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

axon | larval stage

sw^Dic-1

cystic bulge

sw¹

dendritic arborizing neuron (with sw¹)

sw¹²²⁹

dendritic arborizing neuron (with sw¹²²⁹)

sw¹

eye

sw¹

larval multidendritic class I neuron | temperature conditional

sw¹

larval multidendritic neuron

sw^Dic-1

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

sw^GD17212

mitochondrion | larval stage

sw^Dic-1

nucleus & spermatid

sw¹

ommatidium

sw¹

wing

wing (with sw¹)

wing (with sw^Dic-1)

sw¹

wing (with sw^Dic-2)

sw¹

wing (with sw^Dic-3)

sw¹

wing margin

sw¹

wing vein

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (22)

Hsap\DYNC1I1

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\DYNC1I2

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\DYNC2I2

3 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (13)

Rnor\Dync1i2

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Dync1i1

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Dync2i2

3 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (14)

Mmus\Dync1i2

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Dync1i1

13 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (19)

Xtro\dync1i2

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\dync1i1

6 of 13

Xtro\dnai4

2 of 13

Xtro\dync2i2

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (19)

Drer\dync1i1

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\dync1i2a

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\dync1i2b

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\dnai4

3 of 14

Drer\dync2i2

3 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (11)

Cele\dyci-1

14 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (16)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000320

11 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (20)

Atha\AT1G11160

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G18830

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G52360

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G71840

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G79990

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G30050

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G43770

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G15980

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G27640

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G35370

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\ATARCA

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\DDB2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\FY

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\HOS15

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\MSI2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\PWP2

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SMU1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\TAF5

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\TOZ

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\VIP3

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)

Scer\PAC11

3 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\dic1

10 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC343.17c

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sw. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (27)

13 of 13

13 of 13

12 of 13

12 of 13

11 of 13

10 of 13

10 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

mmm

4 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Nle

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

DYNC2I2; dynein 2 intermediate chain 2

model of short-rib thoracic dysplasia 11 with or without polydactyly

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

DYNC1I1; dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 1

13 of 14

603772

DYNC1I2; dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 2

13 of 14

603331

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH MICROCEPHALY AND STRUCTURAL BRAIN ANOMALIES; NEDMIBA

DYNC2I2; dynein 2 intermediate chain 2

3 of 14

613363

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 11 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD11

short-rib thoracic dysplasia 11 with or without polydactyly

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

sw - BicD

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Liu et al., 2013)

sw - CG18787

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

sw - Cka

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Neisch et al., 2017)

sw - DCTN1-p150

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, nuclear magnetic resonance

(Dix et al., 2013, Sanghavi et al., 2013, Nyarko et al., 2012, Reis et al., 2012, Morgan et al., 2011)

sw - DCTN2-p50

pull down, western blot

(Dix et al., 2013)

sw - Dhc64C

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, cosedimentation

(Dix et al., 2013, Sanghavi et al., 2013, Mische et al., 2008)

sw - Dlc90F

circular dichroism, predetermined participant, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, molecular sieving, nuclear magnetic resonance

(Hall et al., 2010, Song et al., 2007, Benison et al., 2006, Makokha et al., 2002)

sw - Dlic

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, cosedimentation

(Dix et al., 2013, Mische et al., 2008)

sw - Khc

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Sanghavi et al., 2013, Reis et al., 2012)

sw - Klc

pull down, western blot

(Reis et al., 2012)

sw - Lis-1

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Dix et al., 2013)

sw - ctp

nuclear magnetic resonance, predetermined participant, molecular sieving, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, circular dichroism, x-ray crystallography

(Morgan et al., 2021, Hall et al., 2010, Benison et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Benison et al., 2006, Nyarko et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)

sw - nudE

comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, nuclear magnetic resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant

(Morgan et al., 2021, Nyarko et al., 2012)

sw - robl

isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, x-ray crystallography, molecular sieving, experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011, Hall et al., 2010)

sw - vas

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lerit and Gavis, 2011)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

sw - bcd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Sanghavi et al., 2013)

sw - fs(1)K10

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Dix et al., 2013)

sw - grk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Sanghavi et al., 2013)

sw - hry

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Dix et al., 2013)

sw - nanos

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Lerit and Gavis, 2011)

sw - osk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Sanghavi et al., 2013)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

ctp

(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)

enhanceable

dop

(Hain et al., 2014)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

dar1

suppressible

(Wang et al., 2015)

DCTN1-p150

enhanceable

(Whited et al., 2004, Boylan and Hays, 2002)

DCTN1-p150

suppressible

(Boylan et al., 2000)

dop

enhanceable

(Hain et al., 2014)

Dref

suppressible

(Ida et al., 2009)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q24246 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68871

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003654

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44160

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44160

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q24246

Class of Gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Graveley et al., 2011)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-64

Cytogenetic map

19C1-19C1

Sequence location

X:20,227,961..20,236,382 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

19C1-19C1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}amn^EP1639&P{EP}amn^EP367 and P{EP}CG1702^EP1525

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

19C-19C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Boylan et al., 2000)

19B-19B

(Boylan, 2000.5.3)

19D-19E

(Nurminsky, 1998.6.3)

19A4-19A7

(Benevolenskaya, 1995)

19E-19E

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

19B-19B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Benevolenskaya et al., 1995)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-64

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-63.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Benevolenskaya, 1995)

1-64.0

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (8)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

4175

sw¹

13899

y¹ P{SUPor-P}sw^KG05547/FM7c, sn⁺

30505

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HM05249}attP2

175

Df(1)os^o, y¹ pn¹ w¹ cm¹ ct⁶ sn³ oc¹ ras² v¹ dy¹ g² f¹ upd1^os-o upd3^os-o car¹ sw¹/FM0

Kyoto

108392

mei-9^a sw^20-14/FM7c, ct^S

NIG-Fly

18000R-1

P{NIG.18000R}1/TM3, P{ActGFP}JMR2, Ser¹

VDRC

v101559

P{KK109087}VIE-260B

v48334

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD17212}v48334

Genomic Clones (9)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (201)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003654

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003654

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

sw is required for polarised dendritic transport and uniform microtubule orientation in axons.

(Zheng et al., 2008)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Cdic CG18000

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.12)

Source for merge of: sw Cdic

(Boylan and Hays, 2002)

Additional comments

The genes sw and Sdic1 share >70% identity and close proximity, and so may have been derived from a DNA-based tandem duplication.

(Langille and Clark, 2007)

The proximity of "Su(Gl)27" to "sw", together with the nature of the Gl product suggests that "Su(Gl)27" and "sw" may be the same gene.

(Benevolenskaya et al., 1995)

Either this is a complex locus with sw⁴ being the only noncomplementing allele or sw⁴ is a double mutant and there are two loci. Numerous lethal alleles at this locus recovered from line containing a P element in 19C (Simmons, Raymond, Johnson, and Fahey, 1984).

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (31)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

17-234

(Munoz, 2004.1.5, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983)

CG18000

(Hoffmann et al., 2013, Kühnlein, 2011, Zhan et al., 2011, Ida et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Wickstead and Gull, 2007, Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005, Whitfield, 2001.1.18)

Cdic2b

(Nyarko et al., 2012, Morgan et al., 2011)

DIC

(Neisch et al., 2017, Copf, 2015, Copf, 2014, Chang et al., 2013, Parassol et al., 2013, Dickman et al., 2012, Loiseau et al., 2010, Haghnia et al., 2007, Riggs et al., 2007, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Serbus et al., 2005, Gunawardena et al., 2003)

Dic

(Nemtsova et al., 2023, Gáspár et al., 2017, Hain et al., 2014, Dix et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2013, Sanghavi et al., 2013, Hampoelz et al., 2011, Lerit and Gavis, 2011, Mische et al., 2008, Bullock et al., 2006, Dzhindzhev et al., 2005, Gross et al., 2000, Boylan and Hays, 1999, Boylan and Hays, 1999, Boylan and Hays, 1998, Boylan and Hays, 1998)

Dic19B

(Boylan, 2000.5.3)

Dic19C

(Fatima, 2011, Boylan and Hays, 2002)

(Morgan et al., 2021, Nyarko et al., 2012, Morgan et al., 2011, Hall et al., 2010, Hall et al., 2009, Benison et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Benison et al., 2006, Morales-Mulia and Scholey, 2005, Nyarko et al., 2004, Boylan et al., 2000)

IC74

(Akbar et al., 2009, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)

cDIC

(Nurminsky et al., 1997)

dic

(Dickman et al., 2012, Lloyd et al., 2012, Reis et al., 2012, Zheng et al., 2008, Whited et al., 2004)

l(1)19Bb

sw CES

(Kaye et al., 2017)

Name Synonyms

Cytoplasmic dynein

(Welte, 2004)

Cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain

Dynein IC

(Nyarko and Barbar, 2011)

Dynein Intermediate Chain

(Dickman et al., 2012)

Dynein Intermediate chain

(Dickman et al., 2012)

Dynein intermediate chain

(Hain et al., 2014, Sanghavi et al., 2013, Harris and Peifer, 2005)

Dynein intermediate-chain

(Riggs et al., 2007)

Swallow

(Nyarko and Barbar, 2011)

cytoplasmic dynein

(Leidel et al., 2012, de Heredia and Jansen, 2004)

cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain

(Song et al., 2007, Nyarko et al., 2004)

cytoplasmic dynein intermediate polypeptide chain

(Ponce, 2007)

dynein

(Kuznetsov, 2011, Zheng et al., 2008, Kalinovsky and Scheiffele, 2004)

dynein IC

(Reis et al., 2012, Mische et al., 2008)

dynein intermediate chain

(Parassol et al., 2013, Morgan et al., 2011, Loiseau et al., 2010, Zheng et al., 2008, Benison et al., 2007, Haghnia et al., 2007)

dynein intermediate-chain

(Dzhindzhev et al., 2005)

short wing

(Hain et al., 2014, Fleming and McShea, 2013, Hoffmann et al., 2013, Rettie and Dorus, 2012, Winbush et al., 2012, Yeh et al., 2012, Kühnlein, 2011, Fisher et al., 2008, Zheng et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0013761
FBgn0031096

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 123 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

44160

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q24246

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q24246

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q24246

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003654

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

44160/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003654

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003654

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003654

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG18000

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

44160

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68871

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003654

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003654

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003654

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003654

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003654

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG18000

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003654

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0003654

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC011326

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44160

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

44160

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q24246

References (179)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.20

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