FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Zw10

FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025

FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025

Gene: Dmel\Zw10

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Zw10

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Zeste-white 10

Annotation Symbol

CG9900

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0004643

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

8 publicly available

Gene Summary

Zeste-white 10 (Zw10) encodes a subunit of the RZZ complex located at the kinetochores of chromosomes. The RZZ complex plays an essential role in the spindle assembly checkpoint that ensures proper connections between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle. The product of Zw10 is also found on the Golgi stacks and endoplasmic reticulum, where it functions in membrane formation and trafficking. [Date last reviewed: 2019-10-03] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(1)zw10, mit(1)15, EG:BACR7C10.3 , zw-10, abnormal-eye

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

X:2,604,197..2,606,824 [+]

Recombination map

1-1

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:2604197..2606824

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (22 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:rod; FB:FBgn0003268,FLYBASE:Zwilch; FB:FBgn0061476

(Williams et al., 2003)

enables small GTPase binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Rab18; FB:FBgn0015794

(Gillingham et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (10 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cleavage furrow ingression

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wainman et al., 2012)

involved_in Golgi organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wainman et al., 2012)

involved_in male meiosis chromosome segregation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wainman et al., 2012)

involved_in male meiosis cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wainman et al., 2012)

involved_in membrane addition at site of cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wainman et al., 2012)

involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Scaerou et al., 2001)

involved_in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Basto et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000258496

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in Golgi vesicle transport

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005202

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

involved_in mitotic cell cycle

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009361

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000258496

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (10 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in acroblast

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012)

located_in Golgi stack

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012)

located_in kinetochore microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012, Scaerou et al., 2001)

located_in kinetochore

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012, Scaerou et al., 2001)

part_of RZZ complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:rod; FB:FBgn0003268,FLYBASE:Zwilch; FB:FBgn0061476

(Défachelles et al., 2015)

inferred from direct assay

(Williams et al., 2003)

located_in spindle midzone

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in chromosome, centromeric region

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009361

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

part_of Dsl1/NZR complex

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005202

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000005202

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

located_in nucleus

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009361

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

part_of RZZ complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000258496

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ZW10 family. (Q9W4X9)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Zeste-white 10 (Zw10) encodes a subunit of the RZZ complex located at the kinetochores of chromosomes. The RZZ complex plays an essential role in the spindle assembly checkpoint that ensures proper connections between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle. The product of Zw10 is also found on the Golgi stacks and endoplasmic reticulum, where it functions in membrane formation and trafficking. [Date last reviewed: 2019-10-03]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

RZZ COMPLEX -: The RZZ (Rod, Zwilch and Zw10) complex is a kinetochore component that plays an essential role in spindle assembly checkpoint, blocking the metaphase-to-anaphase transition until all chromosomes properly aligned in a metaphase plate. In mammalian cells, the RZZ complex has a fourth component, Zwint-1. (Adapted from FBrf0219791).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, which prevents cells from prematurely exiting mitosis (PubMed:15886105, PubMed:17576797). Required for the assembly of the dynein-dynactin, Mad2 complexes and spindly/CG15415 onto kinetochores (PubMed:15886105, PubMed:17576797). During cytokinesis in male meiotic cells it is required for completion of cleavage furrow ingression, possibly in conjunction with Rint1 (PubMed:22685323). Required for maintenance of Golgi stack number and morphology, and acroblast assembly (PubMed:22685323). Its function related to the spindle assembly machinery is proposed to depend on its association in the RZZ complex (PubMed:22685323). Failure to assemble the complex due to the absence of any one of its components, results in the incorrect redistribution of the remaining components to diverse membrane compartments (PubMed:22685323).

(UniProt, Q9W4X9)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

mit(1)15

Semilethal as males or homozygous females; surviving flies have reduced roughened eyes, bristles on the head and thorax sometimes missing, abnormal wings with thin texture and thickened veins; both sexes sterile. Up to 100 fold increase in the incidence of mwh clones per wing in mit15;mwh/+ flies raised at sub-restrictive temperature. Half of all metaphases in larval ganglion cells are hyperploid for one or more chromosomes; hyperploidy for nearly all combinations of sex chromosomes and autosomes are observed. Chromosome breakage seen in less than 2% of cells. Cytological observations in mit(1)1515, mit(1)153 and mit(1)154 at either restrictive or permissive temperature.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

a subunit of the RZZ complex located at the kinetochores of chromosomes - the RZZ complex plays an essential role in the spindle assembly checkpoint that ensures proper connections between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle. - found on the Golgi stacks and endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in membrane formation and trafficking.

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

1

Number of Unique Polypeptides

1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Zw10 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W4X9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0070441

2567

721

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.6 (northern blot)

(Williams et al., 1992)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0070425

82.3

721

4.92

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

721 (aa); 85 (kD observed)

(Williams et al., 1992)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the RZZ complex composed of rod, Zw10 and Zwilch.

(UniProt, Q9W4X9)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Zw10 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Zw10_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.39

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

embryonic central brain neuron

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral cord neuron

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic proventriculus

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval salivary gland body

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- pupal stage

(Williams et al., 1992)

adult stage | female

(Williams et al., 1992)

Additional Descriptive Data

Levels of mit(1)15 transcript are high in embryos and in adult females, decline in first and second instar larvae, and increase again in third instar larvae and in early pupae.

(Williams et al., 1992)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

spermatogenesis & adult stage

(Williams et al., 1996)

onion stage spermatid

(Williams et al., 1996)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 16

Comment: reference states 0-16 hr AEL

(Williams et al., 1992)

embryonic stage 4

(Williams et al., 1992)

third instar larval stage

(Williams et al., 1992)

Additional Descriptive Data

The intracellular localization of mit(1)15 protein in spermatocytes changes several times during the two meiotic divisions. Some mit(1)15 protein is still visible at the onion stage, but not later.

(Williams et al., 1996)

A 85 kD band was observed in Western blots of protein from 0-16 hr embryos, third instar larvae, and Schneider 2 cell lines. The subcellular localization of mit(1)15 protein changes during mitosis in syncytial blastoderm embryos.

(Williams et al., 1992)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in acroblast

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012)

located_in Golgi stack

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012)

located_in kinetochore microtubule

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012, Scaerou et al., 2001)

located_in kinetochore

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012, Scaerou et al., 2001)

part_of RZZ complex

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:rod; FB:FBgn0003268,FLYBASE:Zwilch; FB:FBgn0061476

(Défachelles et al., 2015)

inferred from direct assay

(Williams et al., 2003)

located_in spindle midzone

inferred from direct assay

(Wainman et al., 2012)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Zw10 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Zw10

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Zw10

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0004643

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

47874/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0004643

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004643

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0004643

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9900

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0004643

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Zw10

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 28 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Zw10

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Zw10

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 64 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 64 )

Gene disrupted in

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Kramers et al., 1983)

(Kramers et al., 1983)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

(Lim and Snyder, 1974)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Smith et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Judd et al., 1972)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Gene duplicated in

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Judd et al., 1972)

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Judd et al., 1972)

Gene not disrupted in

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Lin and Wolfner, 1989)

(Kramers et al., 1991)

(Kramers et al., 1991)

(Kramers et al., 1991)

(Schalet, 1986)

(Lim and Snyder, 1974)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975, Lim and Snyder, 1974)

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989)

(Kramers et al., 1991)

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

(Goldberg et al., 1989)

Gene not duplicated in

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Dp(1;3)N^264-58

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Schalet, 1986)

(Judd et al., 1972)

Inferred from location ( 13 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

Zw10^GD13807

lethal | heat sensitive

Zw10¹⁵

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

Zw10³

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

Zw10⁴

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

partially lethal - majority die

Zw10^abe

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Zw10^GD13807

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Zw10^GD13807

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Zw10^GD13807

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Zw10^GD13807

Sterility

Allele

Zw10^abe

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cytokinesis

abnormal cytokinesis | recessive

abnormal meiotic cell cycle

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | larval stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

Zw10^GD13807

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

Zw10⁴

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during larval stage

some die during larval stage | recessive

Zw10³

some die during pupal stage

some die during pupal stage | recessive

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Zw10^GD13807

Zw10^+t4.6

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Zw10⁵

anterior orbital bristle

cleavage furrow

Zw10⁵

contractile ring

Zw10⁵

dorsocentral bristle

egg | germline clone | maternal effect

Zw10⁴

embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4^fkh.PH

Zw10^HMS02479

female reproductive system | maternal effect

Zw10⁴

ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

Zw10^GD13807

Zw10⁵

larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

Zw10^GD13807

macrochaeta & head

macrochaeta & thorax

meiotic cell cycle

Zw10¹⁶

middle orbital bristle

mitotic anaphase

Zw10¹⁶

Zw10⁵

nuclear chromosome

Zw10¹⁶

nuclear chromosome | embryonic stage | germline clone

nucleus | embryonic stage | germline clone

ocellar bristle

onion stage spermatid

posterior orbital bristle

scutellar bristle

secondary spermatocyte

Zw10¹⁶

secretory granule | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^fkh.PH

Zw10^HMS02479

spermatid | third instar larval stage

Zw10¹⁶

Zw10⁵

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Zw10^GD13807

vertical bristle 1

vertical bristle 2

Zw10^abe

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (1)

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

12 of 14

Yes

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

12 of 14

Yes

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

7 of 13

Yes

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

11 of 14

Yes

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004467

12 of 12

Yes

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

10 of 13

Yes

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

1 of 13

Yes

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Zw10. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ZW10; zw10 kinetochore protein

13 of 14

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Williams et al., 2003)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Défachelles et al., 2015)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Przewloka et al., 2007)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Przewloka et al., 2007)

pull down, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gillingham et al., 2014, Gillingham et al., 2014)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Menant and Karess, 2020, D'Avino et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2003)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, pull down

(Pauleau et al., 2019)

(Pauleau et al., 2019)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Williams et al., 2003)

pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, autoradiography

(Karman et al., 2020)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, molecular sieving

(Menant and Karess, 2020, Défachelles et al., 2015, D'Avino et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2003, Scaerou et al., 2001)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Basto et al., 2000)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the RZZ complex composed of rod, Zw10 and Zwilch.

(UniProt, Q9W4X9 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

71022

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0004643

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

47874

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

X

Recombination map

1-1

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

X:2,604,197..2,606,824 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

3A6-3A7

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}egh^EP804 and P{EP}sgg^EP1576

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

3A8-3A8

(Williams, 1992.2.6)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-1

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-1.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-1.2

(Smith et al., 1985)

1-1.2 +/- 0.4

(Fahmy and Fahmy, 1959)

Left of (cM)

Pi4KIIIα

(Judd et al., 1972)

Right of (cM)

wds

(Judd et al., 1972)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (8)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

4282

y¹ Zw10⁵/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

85289

w^*; P{matα4-GAL-VP16}V2H; P{UASp-Zw10.PrA}3/TM6C, Sb¹ Tb¹

42643

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS02479}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

107667

y¹ Zw10⁵/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

9900R-3

HMJ22440

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ22440}attP40/CyO

v108844

P{KK100436}VIE-260B

v24171

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD13807}v24171

Genomic Clones (11)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (34)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0004643

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0004643

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Williams et al., 1992)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in S2R⁺ cells: cell morphology is aberrant, indicative of a failure in cell cycle/mitosis progression. This phenotype is not seen in Kc167 cells.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Candidate gene for testis length quantitative trait locus.

(Macdonald and Goldstein, 1999)

mit(1)15 can localise to mini-chromosomes that contain the fully functional centromere and to acentric mini-chromosomes that contain only 225-290kb of sub-telomeric DNA.

(Williams et al., 1998)

Homologs of mit(1)15 identified by sequence similarity are identified.

(Starr et al., 1997)

mit(1)15 is required for proper chromosome segregation during both meiotic divisions. Function in chromosome segregation must affect both separation of sister chromatids (during mitosis and meiosis II) and the separation of homologous chromosomes (during meiosis I).

(Williams et al., 1996)

High levels of meiotic nondisjunction due to delay of chromosome migration to the poles at anaphase. Also there is a high frequency of cytokinesis failure.

(Williams et al., 1995)

Mutations in mit(1)15 can cause essentially random mitotic segregation of chromosomes.

(Williams et al., 1992)

Based on map position and phenotype mit(1)15 is thought to be synonymous with abe.

(Judd et al., 1972)

One of a group of fourteen loci identified as temperature-sensitive lethal mutations (Baker) that exhibit, at semirestrictive temperatures, elevated frequencies of clones of homozygous mwh cells in the wings of surviving mit(1);mwh/+ males and of y clones and y//mwh twin spots in the abdomens of y mit(1); T(1;3)sc^J4, y⁺ mwh/+ males. The presence of large clones is consistent with origin via mitotic exchange, mitotic nondisjunction of both homologues, or mutation; twin spots are not expected to result from somatic mutation; only mitotic nondisjunction produces y Sb⁺ clones in T(1;3)sc^J4, y⁺ Sb/+. Preponderance of small clones suggests origin via chromosome breakage.

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: mit(1)15 CG9900

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.17)

Additional comments

inter se allelism tests have not been performed.

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Zw10 mit(1)15

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Nomenclature comments

Renamed to 'Zw10' to replace the placeholder symbol 'mit(1)15' and to better reflect usage in the literature.

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG9900

(Lin et al., 2018, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Maresca and Salmon, 2009, Przewloka et al., 2007, Benos, 2000.12.13, Whitfield, 2000.4.13)

Dsl1

(Klinger et al., 2013)

EG:BACR7C10.3

(Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.2.6, Benos, 2000.2.6, Benos, 2000.12.13)

Mit(1)15

(Finan et al., 2011)

ZW-10

(Wojcik et al., 2000, Paradi et al., 1983)

abe

(Fahmy and Fahmy, 1959)

dZW10

(Dobie et al., 1999)

l(1)3Af

l(1)6-99

l(1)zw10

(Cook et al., 1997, Williams et al., 1995, Aguade and Langley, 1994, Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1994, Williams and Goldberg, 1994, Foe et al., 1993, Williams and Goldberg, 1992, Williams et al., 1992, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Ripoll et al., 1987, Garcia-Bellido and Robbins, 1983, Paradi et al., 1983, Lim and Snyder, 1974, Shannon et al., 1972)

mit(1)15

(Chen et al., 2014, Kuang et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Neumüller et al., 2011, Peng and Karpen, 2009)

mit(l)15

(Macdonald and Goldstein, 1999)

zw-10

(Nomura and Kurokawa, 1997, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Liu and Lim, 1975)

zw10

(Graziadio et al., 2025, Das et al., 2016, Défachelles et al., 2015, Wainman et al., 2012, Peng and Karpen, 2009, Wainman et al., 2009, Cenci et al., 2008, Musarò et al., 2008, Somma et al., 2008, Williams et al., 2007, Buffin et al., 2005, Karess, 2005, Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003, Williams et al., 2002, Brunet and Vernos, 2001, Scaerou et al., 2001, Basto et al., 2000, Savoian et al., 2000, Scaerou et al., 2000, Shah and Cleveland, 2000, Tyler-Smith and Floridia, 2000, Basu et al., 1999, Scaerou et al., 1999, Basu et al., 1998, Herrmann et al., 1998, Philp, 1998, Starr et al., 1997, Williams et al., 1996, Sunkel and Coelho, 1995, Williams et al., 1995, Wu et al., 1994, Williams, 1992.2.6, Montgomery et al., 1991, Goldberg et al., 1989, Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Schalet, 1986, Smith et al., 1985, Robbins, 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Lefevre, 1981, Judd et al., 1972)

Name Synonyms

Zeste white 10

(Lakatos et al., 2019)

Zeste-White 10

(Williams et al., 2003)

Zeste-white 10

abnormal-eye

(Fahmy and Fahmy, 1959)

mitotic 15

(Kuang et al., 2014)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0000016
FBgn0002765
FBgn0029627

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

47874

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W4X9

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9W4X9

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8T9C2

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W4X9

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0004643

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

47874/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0004643

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0004643

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0004643

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9900

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

47874

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

71022

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0004643

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0004643

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0004643

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Zw10_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004643

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0004643

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG9900

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0004643

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0004643

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC009559

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

47874

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic

References (164)