FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\ecd

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026

Gene: Dmel\ecd

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ecd

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

ecdysoneless

Annotation Symbol

CG5714

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000543

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

11 publicly available

Gene Summary

ecdysoneless (ecd) encodes a protein that physically interacts with several components of the U5 snRPN pre-mRNA splicing complex. Its loss result in intron retention within spok, accounting for ecdysone deficiency of some ecd mutants. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(3)ecd, ecd1, ecd-1, l(3)62Db

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:2,263,581..2,265,857 [-]

Recombination map

3-2

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:2263581..2265857

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables snRNP binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Prp8; FB:FBgn0033688

(Claudius et al., 2014)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:CG12320; FB:FBgn0038590

(Claudius et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (16 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kozlova and Thummel, 2003)

involved_in germ cell development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(König et al., 2011)

involved_in germ-band shortening

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kozlova and Thummel, 2003)

involved_in Golgi organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kondylis et al., 2001)

involved_in head involution

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kozlova and Thummel, 2003)

involved_in instar larval development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

involved_in lymph gland development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

involved_in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gautam and Tapadia, 2010)

involved_in molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

involved_in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Claudius et al., 2014)

involved_in mushroom body development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kucherenko et al., 2012)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

involved_in progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Brennan et al., 1998)

involved_in response to symbiont

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hop; FB:FBgn0004864

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in ecdysone biosynthetic process

traceable author statement

(Sempere et al., 2002)

involved_in instar larval or pupal development

traceable author statement

(Kondylis et al., 2001)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Claudius et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000316625

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ECD family. (Q9W032)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Ecd family

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

ecdysoneless (ecd) encodes a protein that physically interacts with several components of the U5 snRPN pre-mRNA splicing complex. Its loss result in intron retention within spok, accounting for ecdysone deficiency of some ecd mutants. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Required in both the follicle cells and the germline for oocyte development.

(UniProt, Q9W032)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

ecd: ecdysone

Temperature-sensitive recessive lethal. At 29, the nine-fold increase in β-ecdysone content during embryogenesis occurs normally in ecd homozygotes. Accompanied by normal increases in dopa-decarboxylase and dopamine acetyltransferase activity (Marsh and Wright, 1980, Dev. Biol. 80: 379-87). The four-fold increase during the first larval instar is reduced to 40% of normal; the additional twelve-fold increase normally occurring at pupariation eliminated. Embryonic development of ecd at 29 normal, but first larval molt delayed and death usually occurs by end of second instar; shift down to 20 at mid second instar produces full yield of adult progeny. Larvae shifted from 20 to 29 midway through third instar fail to pupate and survive as larvae for up to 3 weeks; ring gland, salivary glands, and brain of nonpupariating larvae are smaller than wild type; such ring glands cultured in vitro secrete ecdysone at lower than normal levels. Effects of 29 on third instar reversible by ecdysone feeding or by shift down to 20 within 3-5 days of shift up; after that imaginal disks cannot differentiate; ecd imaginal disks develop normally at 29 when implanted in a wild-type host. A heat pulse during larval development results in cell death with consequent abnormalities in emerging adults. At 29, third instar larvae exhibit abnormally low dopadecarboxylase activity (Kraminsky, Clark, Estelle, Gietz, Sage, O'Connor, and Hodgetts, 1980, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 4175-79); Marsh and Wright) and high urate oxidase activity (Krase and Friedman, 1979, Genetics 91: s62-63); ecdysone feeding effects normal levels. Transfer to restrictive conditions at the beginning of the pupal stage leads to death as pharate adults and to the elimination of mechanosensory chaetae; Non-sensory chaetae and other sensilla not affected. Chaetae loss is autonomous as seen in homozygous clones produced by somatic exchange and in ecd discs passed through metamorphosis in wild type hosts under restrictive conditions (Sliter, 1989, Development, 106: 347-54). Sensitivity to restrictive temperature disappears in 24 hour pupae. ecd fails to block midpupal increase in ecdysone titer (Marsh and Wright). Shifting newly emerged ecd adults to 29 results in drastically reduced ecdysone titers and sterilizes both males and females; reversible by shift back to 20; temperature-sensitive periods and therefore the times that ecdysone is required for embryonic development, chorion formation, and vitellogenesis are 1-2 days before oviposition, 24 hr prior to oviposition, and prior to stage 7, respectively (Audit-Lamour and Bussin, 1981, J. Insect Physiol. 27: 829-37).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

physically interacts with several components of the U5 snRPN pre-mRNA splicing complex - mutants disrupt production of the steroid hormone ecdysone causing developmental and reproductive defects - loss of function results in intron retention within spookier, accounting for ecdysone deficiency in mutants

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

1

Number of Unique Polypeptides

1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ecd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W032)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0072903

2204

684

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0072781

77.9

684

4.50

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

Antibody raised to amino acids 270-429

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Ecd family

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ecd using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

ecd_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.19

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

oogenesis stage S10 & adult stage | female

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage | female

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

ecd transcript expression is present at all developmental stages. ecd transcripts become more abundant in third instar larvae, with strongest expression observed in egg-laying adult females.

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

second instar larval stage

Comment: low level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

third instar larval stage

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

central nervous system

Comment: moderate level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

eye-antennal disc

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

adult stage | male

testis | apical

Comment: apical end of testis

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

oogenesis stage S10 & adult stage | female

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Comment: high level of expression

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 4

Comment: reference states 0-2 hr AEL

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 15 -- 16

Comment: reference states 12-14 hr AEL

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

unfertilized egg stage

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Claudius et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ecd in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\ecd

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\ecd

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000543

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38291/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000543

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000543

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000543

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG5714

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000543

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 10 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ecd

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ecd

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 154 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 154 )

Gene disrupted in

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Christensen et al., 2007.10.29)

(Christensen et al., 2007.10.29)

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

(Sliter et al., 1989)

Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Aprt-185

(Wang et al., 1994)

Gene not disrupted in

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Sliter et al., 1989)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

cell lethal | recessive | somatic clone

ecd^l(3)23

cell lethal | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

ecd^GD12805

lethal | heat sensitive

ecd¹

lethal | recessive | heat sensitive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^phtm.PO

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with Df(3L)R-R2)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with ecd¹)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with ecd²)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with ecd^l(3)23)

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

ecd²

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive | heat sensitive

ecd¹

lethal - all die before end of P-stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

lethal - all die during pupal stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ecd^GD12805

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

ecd^GD12805

Sterility

Allele

female sterile | germline clone

ecd²

female sterile | recessive | heat sensitive

ecd¹

female sterile | recessive | temperature conditional

ecd¹

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal body size | larval stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

abnormal developmental rate

abnormal developmental rate (with Df(3L)R-R2)

abnormal developmental rate (with ecd²)

ecd^l(3)23

abnormal developmental rate (with ecd^l(3)23)

ecd²

abnormal developmental rate | heat sensitive

ecd¹

abnormal immune response | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)R-G7)

ecd¹

abnormal immune response | recessive | heat sensitive

ecd¹

abnormal locomotor behavior | heat sensitive

ecd¹

abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage

ecd¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | heat sensitive

ecd¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

ecd^GD12805

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | recessive | heat sensitive

ecd¹

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage

ecd¹

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage

ecd¹

abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

ecd^GD12805

atrophy | somatic clone - tissue specific | third instar larval stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

decreased body size, with Scer\GAL4^phtm.PO

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

decreased cell number | adult stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

decreased cell number | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

decreased cell number | larval stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

decreased cell number | somatic clone - tissue specific | third instar larval stage

decreased size | adult stage

ecd^Δ

decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

decreased size | adult stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

decreased size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

ecd^HMS02211

increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

increased cell death | adult stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

ecd^HMS02211

short lived | heat sensitive

ecd¹

some die during embryonic stage | dominant | maternal effect | maternal effect

ecd^3D

some die during embryonic stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

some die during larval stage

some die during larval stage (with Df(3L)R-R2)

some die during larval stage (with ecd¹)

some die during larval stage (with ecd²)

some die during larval stage (with ecd^l(3)23)

some die during larval stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

some die during larval stage | recessive

ecd²

some die during larval stage | recessive | heat sensitive

ecd¹

some die during pharate adult stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

some die during P-stage | dominant

ecd^3D

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ecd^GD12805

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

ecd^KK107721

visible | heat sensitive

ecd¹

visible | recessive | heat sensitive

ecd¹

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal neuron | pupal stage P6

ecd¹

adult mushroom body beta-lobe | heat sensitive

ecd¹

adult posterior midgut | heat sensitive

ecd¹

adult posterior midgut epithelium | heat sensitive

ecd¹

adult posterior midgut epithelium | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^esg.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

amnioproctodeal invagination

ecd¹

anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

border follicle cell

ecd¹

ecd¹

ecd¹

egg chamber | germline clone

ecd²

ecd¹

embryo | blastoderm stage

ecd¹

embryo | dorsal closure stage

ecd¹

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

ecd¹

embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

ecd^HMS02211

embryonic/larval lymph gland (with Df(3L)R-G7)

ecd¹

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule | heat sensitive

ecd¹

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule Type I cell | heat sensitive

ecd¹

embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule Type II cell | heat sensitive

ecd¹

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage

ecd¹

enterocyte of posterior adult midgut epithelium | decreased number | heat sensitive

ecd¹

epithelial cell of eye-antennal disc | decreased number | somatic clone - tissue specific | third instar larval stage

epithelial cell of eye-antennal disc | decreased number | somatic clone - tissue specific | third instar larval stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

extracellular matrix | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

ecd^HMS02211

ecd^Δ

eye | heat sensitive

ecd¹

eye-antennal disc | heat sensitive

ecd¹

eye-antennal disc | somatic clone - tissue specific | third instar larval stage

eye-antennal disc | somatic clone - tissue specific | third instar larval stage | heat sensitive

ecd¹

eye disc morphogenetic furrow | heat sensitive

ecd¹

female germline cell | increased number | heat sensitive

ecd¹

first posterior wing cell, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

ecd¹

fusome | heat sensitive

ecd¹

ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

ecd^GD12805

Golgi stack | heat sensitive

ecd¹

ecd¹

ecd¹

ecd¹

larval adipose system | heat sensitive

ecd¹

larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

ecd^GD12805

leg disc | heat sensitive

ecd¹

lobe system of adult mushroom body | heat sensitive

ecd¹

macrochaeta & adult thorax

macrochaeta & adult thorax | conditional ts

ecd¹

Malpighian tubule | pupal stage P6

ecd¹

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ecd^GD12805

mitotic domain 1 | extended germ band stage

ecd¹

mouth hook (with Df(3L)R-R2)

ecd¹

mouth hook (with ecd¹)

mouth hook (with ecd²)

ecd¹

mouth hook (with ecd^l(3)23)

ecd¹

NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage

ecd¹

ecd¹

nurse cell | germline clone

ecd²

prothoracic gland, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

prothoracic gland | heat sensitive

ecd¹

stomodeal invagination

ecd¹

synapse | heat sensitive

ecd¹

vitelline membrane

ecd¹

wing, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

wing disc, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

ecd^RNAi.UAS.WIZ

wing disc | heat sensitive

ecd¹

wing disc dorsal compartment, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

ecd^HMS02211

ecd¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (1)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

1

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

13 of 14

Yes

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)

7 of 13

Yes

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

4 of 14

Yes

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005814

12 of 12

Yes

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

13 of 13

Yes

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

10 of 12

Yes

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ecd. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Ras85D^V12.cUa.UAS, scrib¹

(Khezri et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ECD; ecdysoneless cell cycle regulator

14 of 14

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

(Claudius et al., 2014)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based

(Claudius et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based

(Claudius et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Claudius et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Erkelenz et al., 2021)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Erkelenz et al., 2021, Claudius et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Erkelenz et al., 2021)

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bischof et al., 2018)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot

(Erkelenz et al., 2021)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Claudius et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Sedkov et al., 2003)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63806

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000543

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38291

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

3L

Recombination map

3-2

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:2,263,581..2,265,857 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

62D4-62D4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sls^rL182 and P{PZ}Spn⁰⁶⁹¹¹

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-2

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-4.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-1.3

(Sliter, 1987)

Left of (cM)

hry

(Sliter, 1987)

Right of (cM)

ru

(Sliter, 1987)

Notes

msn maps less than 1cM from ecd.

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (11)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

94571

w^*; PBac{UAS-ecd.TAG}VK00033

218

ecd¹ st¹ ca¹

94572

w^*; PBac{UAS-ecd.Q650.TAG}VK00033

41676

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS02211}attP2

F003361

M{UAS-ecd.ORF-CC}ZH-21F

105795

ecd¹ st¹ ca¹

107633

ecd¹ st¹ red¹ e⁴ ca¹

v103145

P{KK107721}VIE-260B

v28397

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12805}v28397

v318176

PBac{fTRG00675.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00033

v341591

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD00678}attP40/CyO-GFP

Genomic Clones (18)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (61)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GH14368

Other clones

DPiM_GH14368

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0000543

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000543

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Erkelenz et al., 2021, Spannl et al., 2020, Claudius et al., 2014, Gaziova et al., 2004)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

The ecdysone pathway is required for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors of lamellocytes and crystal cells.

(Sorrentino et al., 2002)

ecd is required for progression of the morphogenetic furrow in the eye imaginal disc.

(Brennan et al., 1998)

Analysis of the incorporation of ^<up>3H</up>C, ^<up>3H</up>25C and ^<up>3H</up>7d25C into ecdysteroids by the larval ring glands and adult ovaries to help understand the basis of lack of normal ecdysteroidogenesis in mutants of ecd.

(Warren et al., 1996)

An investigation of the relationship between transcription, puffing and hormone regulation of intermoult puff was analysed using ecd¹ mutant embryos.

(Furia et al., 1992)

A temperature sensitive ecdysdone deficient mutation provides a useful tool for examining hormonal control (hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone) of specific gene-enzyme systems during development.

(James and Collier, 1990)

The prepupal peak of Argk gene product activity is regulated by the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone.

(James and Collier, 1990)

Recessive lethal mutations in this complementation group were identified by failure to complement the recessive lethality of Df(3L)R-R2.

(Sliter et al., 1989)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: ecd CG5714

(Gaziova et al., 2004)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG5714

(Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Claycomb et al., 2004, Gaziova et al., 2004, Stanyon et al., 2004)

Ecd

(Liu et al., 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Westfall et al., 2019)

ecd

(Chen et al., 2025, Kwon et al., 2024, Stanković et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2023, Cao et al., 2022, Kamiyama and Niwa, 2022, Akai et al., 2021, Hodgson et al., 2021, Khezri et al., 2021, Reis et al., 2020, Hall et al., 2019, Leiblich et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Geronikolou et al., 2018, Sarov et al., 2016, Ables et al., 2015, Gautam et al., 2015, Verma and Tapadia, 2015, Xie et al., 2015, Claudius et al., 2014, Fagegaltier et al., 2014, Parisi et al., 2014, Ganter et al., 2012, Kucherenko et al., 2012, Morris and Spradling, 2012, Ganter et al., 2011, Johnston et al., 2011, König et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Ables and Drummond-Barbosa, 2010, Francis et al., 2010, Gautam and Tapadia, 2010, Xiang et al., 2010, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Hackney et al., 2007, Willard et al., 2006, Karpova et al., 2005, Lovato et al., 2005, Takeuchi et al., 2005, Farkas et al., 2002, Sorrentino et al., 2002, Li et al., 2001)

ecd-1

(Petavy, 1991, Petavy, 1990, Deutsch et al., 1989, Belinski-Deutsch et al., 1983)

ecd1

(König et al., 2011, Xiang et al., 2010, Costantino et al., 2008, Thummel and Chory, 2002, Antoniewski et al., 1994)

ecdl

(Maschat et al., 1991)

l(3)62Db

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

l(3)ecd

(Li and Cooper, 2001, Buszczak et al., 1999, Bonnette et al., 1996, Segal, 1993, Sliter et al., 1989)

l(3)ecd-1

(Berreur et al., 1984)

l(3)ecd1

(Riddiford, 1993)

Name Synonyms

Ecdysoneless

(Pahi et al., 2015)

ecdysone

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

ecdysoneless

(Ganter et al., 2012, Ganter et al., 2011, Niwa and Niwa, 2011, Francis et al., 2010, Willard et al., 2006, Karpova et al., 2005, Li et al., 2001)

ecdysoneless1

(Swevers, 2019)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0035324

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

38291

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W032

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9W032

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W032

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0000543

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38291/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0000543

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0000543

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0000543

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Ecd family

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG5714

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

38291

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63806

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0000543

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0000543

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0000543

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

ecd_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0000543

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0000543

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG5714

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0000543

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC030757

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38291

References (176)