FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Acf
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Acf
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor large subunit
Annotation Symbol
CG1966
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0027620
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor large subunit (Acf) encodes a common subunit of two ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes: the ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF) and the chromatin accessibility complex. In these complexes the product of Acf interacts with the ATPase encoded by Iswi and modulates its nucleosome sliding activity, which affects the regularity of nucleosomal arrays and their precise spacing. The ACF complex has also been found to promote nucleosome assembly. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Acf1, CHRAC, dACF, dCHRAC

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
100D2-100D2
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-102
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:31793981..31799799
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATPase activator activity
inferred from direct assay
(Ito et al., 1999)
enables ATPase regulator activity
inferred from direct assay
(Fyodorov and Kadonaga, 2002, Eberharter et al., 2001)
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Fyodorov and Kadonaga, 2002)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Iswi; FB:FBgn0011604
(Fyodorov and Kadonaga, 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005308832
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin organization
inferred from direct assay
(Fyodorov and Kadonaga, 2002)
involved_in chromatin remodeling
inferred from direct assay
(Eberharter et al., 2001)
involved_in DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly
inferred from direct assay
(Ito et al., 1999, Ito et al., 1997)
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Liu et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of heterochromatin formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chioda et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin remodeling
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR047171
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037325, InterPro:IPR047171
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in positive regulation of DNA replication
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005308832
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005308832
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of heterochromatin formation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005308832
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ACF complex
inferred from direct assay
(Ito et al., 1999, Ito et al., 1997)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Iswi; FB:FBgn0011604
(Ito et al., 1999)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Chioda et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of CHRAC
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005308832
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in nuclear chromosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005308832
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor large subunit (Acf) encodes a common subunit of two ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes: the ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF) and the chromatin accessibility complex. In these complexes the product of Acf interacts with the ATPase encoded by Iswi and modulates its nucleosome sliding activity, which affects the regularity of nucleosomal arrays and their precise spacing. The ACF complex has also been found to promote nucleosome assembly. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ACF COMPLEX -
ACF is an ISWI-containing chromatin remodeling complex that optimizes nucleosome spacing to promote chromatin assembly. (Adapted from FBrf0228920).
CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY COMPLEX -
CHRAC is an ISWI-containing chromatin remodeling complex that optimizes nucleosome spacing to promote chromatin assembly and the repression of transcription. (Adapted from FBrf0228920).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

PHD finger motifs and chromodomain - nucleosome remodeler involved in chromatin assembly

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Acf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V9T4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Acf-RA
FBtr0085845
NM_080486
5079
1476
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.5 (northern blot)

(Ito et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Acf-PA
FBpp0085204
170.4
1476
6.86
Q9V9T4
NP_536734
AAF57200
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1476 (aa); 185, 170 (kD observed); 170 (kD predicted)

(Ito et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Acf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.27

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval lateral VNC glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
procephalic neuroblast
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
adult stage | female & oogenesis
nurse cell
(Börner et al., 2016)
oocyte
(Börner et al., 2016)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
follicle cell
(Börner et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

Acf mRNA was present in the nurse and follicle cell cytoplasm and enriched at the posterior cortex of the oocyte cytoplasm from stage 1 of oogenesis onwards, and then relocalized to the anterior cortex by stage 8.

(Börner et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
primordial germ cell
(Chioda et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 1 -- 11
organism | ubiquitous
(Chioda et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 15
larval ventral nerve cord
(Chioda et al., 2010)
larval stage
embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Chioda et al., 2010)
adult stage | female & oogenesis
female germline cell
(Börner et al., 2016)
female germline stem cell
(Börner et al., 2016)
follicle cell
(Börner et al., 2016)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
oocyte
(Börner et al., 2016)
escort cell | posterior | subset
(Börner et al., 2016)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Ito et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data

Acf was considerably enriched in the GSCs and possibly the first cystoblast descendant, with a notable absence in the somatic filament cells, cap cells and anterior escort cells that contribute to forming the stem cell niche. In contrast to somatic niche cells, Acf was expressed in somatic posterior escort cells and all stages of follicle cell development. Further, prominent enrichment of Acf staining was seen in the oocyte in stage one 16-cell cysts, soon after the oocyte becomes determined. The enrichment of Acf in the oocyte nucleus versus the nuclei of polytenic nurse cells continued to be striking in all later egg chambers. Acf was present, but not particularly enriched on the karyosome, and strongly accumulated in the oocyte nucleoplasm.

(Börner et al., 2016)

Acf is observed in all nuclei during the first 6 hours of embryonic development and becomes more restricted by 12 hours. It is present in pole cells throughout embryonic development. During larval stages, the highest levesl of Acf are seen in the optic lobe.

(Chioda et al., 2010)

Acf protein is detected throughout embryogenesis and at significantly lower levels in larvae, pupae, and adults.

(Ito et al., 1999)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of ACF complex
inferred from direct assay
(Ito et al., 1999, Ito et al., 1997)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Iswi; FB:FBgn0011604
(Ito et al., 1999)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Chioda et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{Acf1-GFP.fos}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis & adult stage | female
female germline cell
(Börner et al., 2016)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Acf in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Acf
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Acf
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Exel6220
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable | recessive
Sterility
Allele
female semi-fertile
fertile
fertile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
abnormal cell size
abnormal developmental rate | recessive
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | recessive
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
increased cell death
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4C587
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
increased cell death (with Df(3R)BSC687)
increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage
increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
non-suppressor of variegation, with In(1)wm4h
non-suppressor of variegation, with P{SUPor-P}KV0123
non-suppressor of variegation | recessive, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5
suppressor of variegation | recessive, with In(1)wm4h
suppressor of variegation | recessive, with P{2212H6.5+PBX0.6}2L
suppressor of variegation | recessive, with P{SUPor-P}KV0123
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
antenna | increased number, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
egg chamber
egg chamber, with Acf7
egg chamber, with AcfC.Tag:TY1,EGFP,Tag:FLAG
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4C587
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
egg chamber (with Df(3R)BSC687)
embryo
embryonic/larval salivary gland | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL42314
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye disc morphogenetic furrow, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
germarium
larval neuroblast | larval stage
nucleus | blastoderm stage
nucleus | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL42314
nurse cell
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
photoreceptor neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
polar follicle cell
S phase
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (18)
Hsap\BAZ1A
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\BAZ1B
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\BRDT
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KAT2B
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\BPTF
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BRD3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BRD4
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\BRD8
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KAT2A
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\BAZ2A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BAZ2B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BRD2
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\BRPF1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BRWD1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CECR2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CREBBP
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\EP300
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PBRM1
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)
Rnor\Baz1a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Baz1b
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Cecr2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brd3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brd4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brd8
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kat2a
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Baz2a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bptf
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brd2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brd9
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brdt
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brpf1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Crebbp
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pbrm1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)
Mmus\Baz1a
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Brdt
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cecr2
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kat2b
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Baz1b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Baz2a
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bptf
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brd2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brd3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brd4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brd8dc
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brd8
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Kat2a
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Baz2b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brd9
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brpf1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Crebbp
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ep300
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pbrm1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (18)
Xtro\baz1a
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\baz1b
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\brd2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\brd8
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\brdt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\brpf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\brwd3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cecr2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\kat2b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\kdm6a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\kri1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\myo9b
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\phf5a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\scaf1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st18
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tspan2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5857145
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\XB5866417
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (22)
Drer\baz1a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\baz2a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd3a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd4
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\kat2b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\baz1b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\brd2a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd3b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd8a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd8b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\cecr2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pbrm1l
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\baz2ba
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\bptf
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\brd7
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\brdt
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\crebbpa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ep300b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\kat2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pbrm1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taf1
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (13)
Cele\athp-2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\baz-2
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\C29F9.5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\C29F9.6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\C49F5.5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cbp-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cbp-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\F13C5.2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\F22F1.3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\pbrm-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pcaf-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sepa-1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\ZK1010.10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (11)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000668
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003137
11 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001099
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003845
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004434
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000029
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002807
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003882
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005187
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006133
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008017
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (32)
Atha\AT5G08630
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G16705
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G17790
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G20670
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G58025
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G76380
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G16215
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G46550
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G55040
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATXR5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATXR6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\BET9
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\BET10
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\BT1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BT2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BT3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\BT4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BT5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\GTE2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GTE3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GTE4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GTE6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GTE7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GTE8
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAC1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAC2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAC4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAC5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAC12
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\HAG1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\IMB1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NPX1
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (9)
Scer\BDF1
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\BDF2
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\ITC1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\SPT7
2 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\GCN5
1 of 13
No
No
1  
Scer\RSC1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\RSC2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\RSC4
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\YPL216W
1 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (7)
Spom\bdf1
2 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\spt7
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\bdc1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\gcn5
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\rsc1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\rsc4
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPAC631.02
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Acf. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
Gcn5
3 of 13
tou
3 of 13
Brd8
2 of 13
E(bx)
2 of 13
fs(1)h
2 of 13
tbrd-1
2 of 13
tbrd-3
2 of 13
dikar
1 of 13
Lpt
1 of 13
nej
1 of 13
polybromo
1 of 13
Taf1
1 of 13
tbrd-2
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    BAZ1A; bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 1A
    13 of 14
    605680
        BAZ1B; bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 1B
        3 of 14
        605681
            BRDT; bromodomain testis associated
            3 of 14
            602144
            KAT2B; lysine acetyltransferase 2B
            3 of 14
            LYSINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE 2B; KAT2B
                 
                Functional Complementation Data
                Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                Interactions
                Summary of Physical Interactions
                Interaction Browsers
                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                protein-protein
                Physical Interaction
                Assay
                References
                Acf - Chrac-14
                ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, autoradiography, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                (Hartlepp et al., 2005, Eberharter et al., 2001, Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
                Acf - Chrac-16
                anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, peptide massfingerprinting
                (Eberharter et al., 2001, Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
                Acf - His2A
                pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining
                (Eberharter et al., 2004)
                Acf - His2B
                pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining
                (Eberharter et al., 2004)
                Acf - His3
                pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining
                (Eberharter et al., 2004)
                Acf - His4
                pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining
                (Eberharter et al., 2004)
                Acf - Iswi
                anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, western blot, cosedimentation, molecular weight estimation by staining, edman degradation, pull down
                (Doyen et al., 2015, Emelyanov et al., 2012, Ferreira et al., 2007, Eberharter et al., 2004, Eberharter et al., 2001, Ito et al., 1999, Ito et al., 1997, Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
                Acf - Su(var)205
                pull down, autoradiography
                (Abel et al., 2009)
                Summary of Genetic Interactions
                Interaction Browsers
                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                Acf
                enhanceable
                Chrac-16
                (Börner et al., 2016)
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                bw
                suppressible
                Acf
                (Schneiderman et al., 2010)
                Iswi
                enhanceable
                Acf
                (Arancio et al., 2010, Burgio et al., 2008)
                Smox
                suppressible
                Acf
                (Hevia et al., 2017)
                External Data
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Pathways
                Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                Metabolic Pathways
                FlyBase
                External Links
                External Data
                Linkouts
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                Class of Gene
                Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                Chromosome (arm)
                3R
                Recombination map
                3-102
                Cytogenetic map
                100D2-100D2
                Sequence location
                FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Evidence for location
                100D2-100D2
                Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}pygoEP1076 and P{PZ}ttk02667&P{lacW}ttkj6C7
                Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Notes
                References
                100E1-100E2
                (Ito, 1999.5.3)
                Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                Location

                3-102

                (FlyBase, 2016)

                3-99.1

                (Comeron et al., 2012)
                Left of (cM)
                Right of (cM)
                Notes
                Stocks and Reagents
                Stocks (9)
                Genomic Clones (11)
                 

                Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                cDNA Clones (24)
                 

                Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                  For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                  cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                  BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  RNAi and Array Information
                  Linkouts
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Antibody Information
                  Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                   

                  polyclonal

                  (Jain et al., 2015, Eberharter et al., 2001, Ito et al., 1999)

                  monoclonal

                  (Jain et al., 2015, Chioda et al., 2010, Ferreira et al., 2007)
                  Commercially Available Antibodies
                   
                  Cell Line Information
                  Publicly Available Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Stable Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Comments

                      dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of Acf1 causes an increase in the number of class I da neurons. RNAi also causes defects in muscle, defects in the epidermis, alterations in the number of MD neurons and reproducible defects in da dendrite development.

                      (Parrish et al., 2006)

                      ACF (ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor) is a multisubunit factor consisting of 3 polypeptides. These are encoded by Iswi and by Acf1 (this encodes both 170 and 185kD subunits). The p47 polypeptide seen previously in ACF fractions (FBrf0095281) has been found to be identical to Yp2 and appears to have been a contaminant in these earlier ACF fractions.

                      (Ito et al., 1999)

                      The Acf1 and Iswi subunits of ACF (ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor) function synergistically in the assembly of chromatin.

                      (Ito et al., 1999)

                      Acf1, a multisubunit factor consisting of polypeptides with molecular masses of 47, 140, 170 and 185kD, has been purified and characterised. The 140kD component is encoded by Iswi. Acf1 is distinct from NURF, a nucleosome remodelling factor that also contains Iswi. Acf1 together with a core histone chaperone (such as Caf1 or Nap1) is sufficient for ATP-dependent formation of periodic nucleosome arrays. In chromatin remodelling, Acf1 is able to modulate the internucleosomal spacing of chromatin by an ATP-dependent mechanism.

                      (Ito et al., 1997)
                      Relationship to Other Genes
                      Source for database merge of
                      Additional comments
                      Nomenclature History
                      Source for database identify of

                      Source for identity of: Acf1 CG1966

                      (Zhao, 1999.11)

                      Source for identity of: Acf Acf1

                      (FlyBase, 2009-)
                      Nomenclature comments

                      Renamed from 'Acf1' to 'Acf' to remove the superfluous '1' and reflect usage in the literature.

                      (FlyBase, 2009-)
                      Etymology
                      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
                      Reported As
                      Symbol Synonym
                      175K protein
                      (Varga-Weisz et al., 1997)
                      ACF
                      (Meyer-Nava et al., 2020, Kavi et al., 2016, Lieleg et al., 2015, Emelyanov et al., 2014, Emelyanov et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2006, Liu et al., 2005, Alexiadis et al., 2004, Dilworth et al., 2004, An and Roeder, 2003, Banerjee and Kundu, 2003, Alexiadis and Kadonaga, 2002, Bonaldi et al., 2002, Levenstein and Kadonaga, 2002, Huang and Kadonaga, 2001, Mello and Almouzni, 2001, Nakagawa et al., 2001, Ridgway and Almouzni, 2001, Farkas et al., 2000, Glass and Rosenfeld, 2000, Jiang et al., 2000, Ridgway and Almouzni, 2000, Bjorklund et al., 1999, Di Croce et al., 1999, Jacobson and Pillus, 1999, Kornberg and Lorch, 1999, Kornberg and Lorch, 1999, Tyler and Kadonaga, 1999, Armstrong and Emerson, 1998, Cairns, 1998, John and Workman, 1998, Kadonaga, 1998, Reinberg et al., 1998, Ito et al., 1997, Ito et al., 1997)
                      ACF/CHRAC
                      (Polo and Almouzni, 2006)
                      ACF1
                      (Richards et al., 2022, Scacchetti and Becker, 2020, Scacchetti et al., 2018, Doyen et al., 2015, Ho et al., 2014, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Abel et al., 2009, Clapier and Cairns, 2009, Ferreira et al., 2007, Bienz, 2006, Bouazoune and Brehm, 2006, Hartlepp et al., 2005, Eberharter and Becker, 2004, Eberharter et al., 2004, Badenhorst et al., 2002, Doerks et al., 2001)
                      Acf
                      (Raicu et al., 2024, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Scacchetti and Becker, 2020, Becker, 2019.3.27, Yee et al., 2019, Baldi et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Dobson et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017, Fei et al., 2015)
                      Acf-1
                      (Mondal et al., 2003)
                      Acf1
                      (Donovan et al., 2021, Okimune et al., 2020, Levendosky and Bowman, 2019, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017, Börner et al., 2016, Völker-Albert et al., 2016, Kwong et al., 2015, Koe et al., 2014, Mathew et al., 2014, Debruhl et al., 2013, Hazelett et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Garcia and Stathopoulos, 2011, Chioda et al., 2010, Gan et al., 2010, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Koizumi et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2006, Santoso and Kadonaga, 2006, Stephens et al., 2006, Wu et al., 2006, Strohner et al., 2005, Corona and Tamkun, 2004, Livengood and Nyborg, 2004, Cayirlioglu et al., 2003, Fyodorov and Kadonaga, 2002, Georges et al., 2002, Eberharter et al., 2001, Ito et al., 1999)
                      CAF
                      (Adams and Kamakaka, 1999)
                      CG1966
                      (Hevia et al., 2017, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2008, Bienz, 2006)
                      CHRAC
                      (Bienz, 2006, Ridgway and Almouzni, 2001, Farkas et al., 2000, Ridgway and Almouzni, 2000, Ferrari, 1999.4.20)
                      CHRAC-175
                      acf1
                      (Balaji et al., 2019, Jain et al., 2015, Arancio et al., 2010, Burgio et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2008, Ito et al., 1999)
                      dACF
                      (Fry and Peterson, 2001, Peterson, 2000)
                      dAcf1
                      (Endo et al., 2021)
                      dCHRAC
                      (Boyer et al., 2000, Peterson, 2000)
                      p170
                      (Ito et al., 1997)
                      p170/p185
                      (Ito et al., 1999)
                      p175
                      (Corona et al., 2000)
                      Name Synonyms
                      ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor large subunit
                      ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor
                      (Ito et al., 1997)
                      Chromatin Accessibility Complex
                      (Ferrari, 1999.4.20)
                      Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      • FBgn0021749
                      Datasets (1)
                      Study focus (1)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      • bait_protein
                      modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_cells
                      Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in cell lines by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
                      Study result (0)
                      Result
                      Result Type
                      Title
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 62 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      References (157)