FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\chp
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\chp
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
chaoptin
Annotation Symbol
CG1744
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0267435
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Required for photoreceptor cell morphogenesis. Mediates homophilic cellular adhesion. (UniProt, P12024)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

24B10, mAb24B10, chaoptic, INAD localization-A, mAb 24B10

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-102
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:31204180..31210520
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:prom; FB:FBgn0259210
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in rhabdomere
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001223373
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the chaoptin family. (P12024)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for photoreceptor cell morphogenesis. Mediates homophilic cellular adhesion.
(UniProt, P12024)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
chp: chaoptic
The structural gene encoding chaoptin, a 160 kd glycoprotein localized to the extracellular membrane surface of photoreceptor cells and their axonal projections to the optic ganglia. Protein first identified by a monoclonal antibody (MAb24B10). Antigen first appears behind the morphogenetic furrow during differentiation of the eye imaginal disk. Defective alleles, chp1 and chp2, recognized by reduced levels of antigen. Rhabdomeres of mutant photoreceptor cells highly deranged or nearly absent in homozygotes and hemizygotes for chp1 or chp2, respectively; also close apposition of adjacent retinular cells partially disrupted. Gene product postulated to play role in cell surface interactions necessary for correct alignment of the microvilli that form the rhabdomeres.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
5

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\chp for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P12024)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0085778
4872
1315
FBtr0330100
4842
1305
FBtr0330101
4863
1338
FBtr0335410
4851
1308
FBtr0335411
4863
1312
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0085139
152.0
1315
6.80
FBpp0303133
150.7
1305
6.80
FBpp0303134
154.7
1338
6.81
FBpp0307393
151.1
1308
6.80
FBpp0307394
151.6
1312
6.80
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments

Expression of a hsp70 promoter driven chp cDNA in S2 cells was used to show that chp protein encodes a homotypic adhesion molecule.

An intracellular precursor to the 160kD form of chp protein.

External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\chp using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.62

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

chp protein is expressed in photoreceptor cell soma and their axons.

Expressed specifically on the photoreceptor plasma membrane, strongly labeling the photoreceptor axons.

Complete disappearance of Bolwig's nerve occurs between 8 and 16 hours APF, as judged by chp immunostaining.

chp protein is linked to the extracellular surface of the plasma membrance by covalent attachment to glycosylphosphotidylinasitol.

Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in rhabdomere
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\chp in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of chp
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of chp
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (99)
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
1  
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
No
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1  
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1  
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1  
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1  
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1  
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2  
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1  
1 of 14
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No
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
52  
1 of 14
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1  
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1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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3  
1 of 14
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No
1  
1 of 14
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Yes
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1  
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1  
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1  
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2  
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1  
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (50)
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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Yes
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (58)
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
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No
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No
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Yes
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (77)
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
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No
2 of 13
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Yes
2 of 13
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No
2 of 13
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No
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No
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No
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No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (69)
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
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1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (31)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (118)
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
3 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
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1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (90)
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
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Yes
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1 of 13
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No
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No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
1 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:chp. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (62)
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Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-102
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    100B5-100B6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Aph-407028&P{PZ}dcorK215 and P{PZ}l(3)rM731rM731
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    100B-100B
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (10)
    Genomic Clones (27)
    cDNA Clones (71)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        The biophysical and biochemical characteristics of a synthetic Leu-rich repeat peptide (CRP32) generated from the sequence of one of the repeats found in chp is studied.

        Biochemical analyses demonstrate that chp is linked to the extracellular surface by covalent attachment to glycosyl-phosphotidylinositol: chp is required for photoreceptor cell morphogenesis. Results suggest that chp and other members of the leucine rich repeat family of proteins define a new class of cell adhesion molecules.

        chp mutants have disorganized rhabdomere organization.

        Developmental expression pattern of the cDNA clone is examined.

        Identified as a cDNA clone that is expressed at a low frequency in the body but abundantly in the head of the adult.

        The structural gene encoding chaoptin, a 160kD glycoprotein localized to the extracellular membrane surface of photoreceptor cells and their axonal projections to the optic ganglia. Protein first identified by a monoclonal antibody (MAb24B10). Antigen first appears behind the morphogenetic furrow during differentiation of the eye imaginal disk. Defective alleles, chp1 and chp2, recognized by reduced levels of antigen. Rhabdomeres of mutant photoreceptor cells highly deranged or nearly absent in homozygotes and hemizygotes for chp1 or chp2, respectively; also close apposition of adjacent retinular cells partially disrupted. Gene product postulated to play role in cell surface interactions necessary for correct alignment of the microvilli that form the rhabdomeres.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: chp idl-A

        Additional comments

        The "idl-A" complementation probably corresponds to alleles of the "chp" locus; idl-A mutants fail to complement hypomorphic chp alleles for inaD mislocalisation and retinal degeneration.

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: chp CG1744

        Nomenclature comments

        Full-name of 'chp' changed from 'chaoptic' to 'chaoptin' to reflect overwhelming community usage and reduce confusion.

        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        Nsp
        Name Synonyms
        INAD localization-A
        Neural-specific-protein
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0262131
        • FBgn0000313
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 60 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (290)