FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Ir25a

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Ir25a

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Ionotropic receptor 25a

Annotation Symbol

CG15627

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0031634

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

23 publicly available

Gene Summary

Ionotropic receptor 25a (Ir25a) encodes a member of the Ionotropic Receptor (IR) family of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors. It functions as co-receptor subunit in chemosensation and thermosensation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

25A8-25A8

Sequence location

2L:4,830,846..4,835,300 [-]

Recombination map

2-13

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:4830846..4835300

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)

Molecular Function (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables coreceptor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Abuin et al., 2011)

contributes_to olfactory receptor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Abuin et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables glutamate receptor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001826301

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001320, InterPro:IPR019594

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from sequence model

(Benton et al., 2009)

enables monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001508

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables signaling receptor activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001508

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001826301

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Abuin et al., 2011)

involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception

inferred from expression pattern

(Benton et al., 2009)

involved_in entrainment of circadian clock

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2015)

involved_in temperature compensation of the circadian clock

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001826301

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in monoatomic ion transport

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001508

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001826301

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cilium

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2015, Benton et al., 2009)

colocalizes_with sensory dendrite

inferred from direct assay

(Abuin et al., 2011)

located_in sensory dendrite

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2015, Benton et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in membrane

inferred from sequence model

(Benton et al., 2009)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001320, InterPro:IPR001508, InterPro:IPR019594

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000437926

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ANTENNAL IONOTROPIC CO-RECEPTORS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. (E9NA96)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ANTENNAL IONOTROPIC CO-RECEPTORS -: Ionotropic Receptors (IR) co-receptors are part of the IR family. They are broadly, but selectively, expressed in antennal sensory neurons in Drosophila. Some antenneal IRs only form functional odor-responsive ion channels as a heteromeric complex with an IR co-receptor. (Adapted from FBrf0222310).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Integral part of various neural sensory systems in the antenna that provide the neural basis for the response to environmental changes in temperature (thermosensation), humidity (hygrosensation) and odor detection (PubMed:21220098, PubMed:27161501, PubMed:27656904). Required for odor-evoked electrophysiological responses in multiple neuron classes in the antenna and is likely to function as part of an olfactory receptor complex with Ir76a and Ir76b (PubMed:21220098). Together with Ir21a and Ir93a, mediates the response of the larval dorsal organ cool cells, a trio of cool-responsive neurons, to cooling and is required for cool avoidance behavior (PubMed:27126188, PubMed:27161501, PubMed:27656904). Required in chordonotal organ neurons for behavioral synchronization to low-amplitude temperature cycles and mediates circadian clock resetting by temperature (PubMed:26580016). Together with Ir40a and Ir93a, mediates the response of the hydrosensory sacculus neurons to changes in relative humidity, and is required for dry detection and humidiy preference behavior (PubMed:27161501, PubMed:27656904).

(UniProt, E9NA96)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Ionotropic Receptor (IR) family of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors part of an input pathway to the circadian clock that detects small temperature differences - required for humidity preference - co-receptor subunit in chemosensation and thermosensation

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ir25a for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry E9NA96)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Ir25a-RB

FBtr0289979

NM_135019

3004

934

Ir25a-RC

FBtr0332480

NM_001273120

3446

947

Ir25a-RD

FBtr0336959

NM_001273121

2938

929

Ir25a-RE

FBtr0336960

NM_001273122

3139

934

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Ir25a-PB

FBpp0288417

106.7

934

5.38

FBpp0304756

108.1

947

5.69

FBpp0307902

106.1

929

5.57

FBpp0307903

106.7

934

5.38

Q9VR32

NP_001260051

AGB92587

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

934 aa isoforms: Ir25a-PB, Ir25a-PE

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with nocte.

(UniProt, E9NA96)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ir25a using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.44

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

labral sensory complex primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

dorsal sensory complex proper primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal/lateral sensory complexes

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic head sensory system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval labral sensory complex

(Fisher et al., 2012)

adult stage

adult antennal sense organ | restricted

(Benton et al., 2009)

adult sense organ

(Benton et al., 2009)

proboscis

(Benton et al., 2009)

neuron of coeloconic sensillum of antennal segment 3

(Benton et al., 2009)

neuron of aristal sensillum

(Benton et al., 2009)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

antenna

(Croset et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Ir25a transcript is expressed in the neurons of the sensillum coeloconicum of antennal segment 3 located throughout the antenna, around the sacculus and in the neurons of the arista.

(Benton et al., 2009)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS)

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

dorsal organ cool cell

(Ni et al., 2016)

adult stage

aristal sensory neuron VP2

(Ni et al., 2016)

antennal lobe glomerulus VP5

(Knecht et al., 2017)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

gustatory receptor neuron of terminal organ | subset

(Croset et al., 2010)

gustatory receptor neuron | subset of dorsal pharyngeal sense organ

(Croset et al., 2010)

gustatory receptor neuron | subset of posterior pharyngeal sense organ

(Croset et al., 2010)

terminal organ

(Croset et al., 2016)

dorsal pharyngeal sense organ

(Croset et al., 2016)

posterior pharyngeal sense organ

(Croset et al., 2016)

adult stage

neuron of coeloconic sensillum of antennal segment 3 | subset

(Abuin et al., 2011)

neuron of aristal sensillum

(Abuin et al., 2011)

neuron of sensillum of sacculus chamber I

(Abuin et al., 2011)

neuron of sensillum of sacculus chamber II

(Abuin et al., 2011)

gustatory receptor neuron | subset of labellum

(Croset et al., 2010)

neuron of ventral cibarial sense organ | subset

(Croset et al., 2010)

dorsal cibarial sense organ neuron | subset

(Croset et al., 2010)

adult hygrosensory neuron Ir40a

(Knecht et al., 2016)

gustatory receptor neuron of the labellum | subset

(Lee et al., 2018)

high salt/bitter-sensing neuron

(Lee et al., 2018)

carbon dioxide sensitive neuron

(Lee et al., 2018)

sugar-sensing neuron of taste bristle | subset

(Lee et al., 2018)

calcium-sensing neuron of labellar S-type taste bristle

(Lee et al., 2018)

adult hygrosensory neuron Ir40a VP4

(Sun et al., 2018)

mechanosensory neuron of femoral chordotonal organ | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

Johnston organ neuron | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

aristal sensory neuron VP3

(Budelli et al., 2019)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Additional Descriptive Data

Ir21a protein is detected in cold cell sensory endings. It is also detected in hot cells.

(Budelli et al., 2019)

Ir25a expression overlaps completely with that driven by ScerGAL4^Ir25a.PA, ScerGAL4^Gr66a.PD and ScerGAL4^E409, and partially with that driven by ScerGAL4^Gr5a.PU.

(Lee et al., 2018)

Ir25a is expressed in Ir93a and Ir40a positive adult olfactory receptor neuron Ir40a.

(Knecht et al., 2016)

Ir25a is expressed in ScerGAL4^Ir21a.PK positive dorsal organ cool cells and ScerGAL4^hot-cell positive aristal sensory neuron VP2.

(Ni et al., 2016)

Ir25a protein is expressed in a subset of the neurons of the sensillum coeloconicum of antennal segment 3, aristal sensillum, and basiconic and blunt-tipped sensillum of sacculus, which project to the first and second chambers of the sacculus, respectively. A subset of the sensilla coeloconicum labeled with Ir25a also expresses Ir8a.

(Abuin et al., 2011)

Ir25a protein is expressed expression in the adult dorsal and ventral cibarial sense organs and in the labellum. In the larva, it is detected in the terminal organ, hypopharyngeal sense organ (posterior pharyngeal sense organ, PPS) and epiphysis (dorsal pharyngeal sense organ, DPS).

(Croset et al., 2010)

Ir25a protein is expressed in the cell body and in the dendrite terminus of the neurons of the sensilla of the arista and sacculus and in the sensillum coeloconicum of antennal segment 3.

(Benton et al., 2009)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cilium

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2015, Benton et al., 2009)

colocalizes_with sensory dendrite

inferred from direct assay

(Abuin et al., 2011)

located_in sensory dendrite

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2015, Benton et al., 2009)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Ir25a-GAL4.A}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

terminal organ ganglion

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

ventral organ ganglion

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

dorsal organ ganglion

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

dorsopharyngeal organ

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

posterior pharyngeal sense organ

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

dorsal pharyngeal sense organ

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

ventral pharyngeal sense organ

(Omelchenko et al., 2022)

adult stage

neuron of antennal coeloconic sensillum ac1

(Silbering et al., 2011)

neuron of antennal coeloconic sensillum ac2

(Silbering et al., 2011)

neuron of antennal coeloconic sensillum ac3

(Silbering et al., 2011)

neuron of antennal coeloconic sensillum ac4

(Silbering et al., 2011)

neuron of sensillum of sacculus chamber I

(Silbering et al., 2011)

neuron of sensillum of sacculus chamber II

(Silbering et al., 2011)

neuron of aristal sensillum

(Enjin et al., 2016, Silbering et al., 2011)

adult antennal lobe glomerulus | subset

(Silbering et al., 2011)

gustatory receptor neuron of the labellum | subset

(Lee et al., 2018)

gustatory receptor neuron of leg

(Lee et al., 2018)

calcium-sensing neuron of labellar S-type taste bristle

(Lee et al., 2018)

metathoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron | subset

(Sánchez-Alcañiz et al., 2018)

labral sense organ neuron

(Sánchez-Alcañiz et al., 2018)

gustatory receptor neuron of labellar taste bristle

(Sánchez-Alcañiz et al., 2018)

adult antennal olfactory receptor neuron | subset

(Sánchez-Alcañiz et al., 2018)

adult hygrosensory neuron Ir40a VP4

(Sun et al., 2018)

chamber II of sacculus

(Sun et al., 2018)

prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron

(Ahn et al., 2017)

bitter-sensing neuron of the leg

(Ahn et al., 2017)

gustatory receptor neuron of the labellum

(Ahn et al., 2017)

mechanosensory neuron of femoral chordotonal organ | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

Johnston organ neuron | subset

(Chen et al., 2015)

non-aristal sensory neuron VP3

(Alpert et al., 2020)

adult thermosensory neuron

(Enjin et al., 2016)

adult hygrosensory neuron Ir40a

(Enjin et al., 2016)

sensillum of sacculus chamber I

(Enjin et al., 2016)

sensillum of sacculus chamber II

(Enjin et al., 2016)

neuron of chamber I of sacculus

(Enjin et al., 2016)

neuron of chamber II of sacculus

(Enjin et al., 2016)

adult thermosensory neuron of arista

(Enjin et al., 2016)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ir25a in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Ir25a

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Ir25a

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0031634

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33683/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0031634

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0031634

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0031634

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0031634

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ir25a

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ir25a

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Exel6010

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 3 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

Ir25a²

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^e22c, Scer\GAL4^sqh.PW

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Ir25a^GD891

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Ir25a^GD891

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Ir25a^GD891

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Ir25a²

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal behavior | adult stage

Ir25a²

abnormal behavior | larval stage

Ir25a²

abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage

abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Gr33a-GAL4

Ir25a^KK106802

abnormal chemosensory behavior | adult stage | female limited

Ir25a²

abnormal chemosensory behavior | larval stage

Ir25a²

abnormal feeding behavior | adult stage

Ir25a²

abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | chemical conditional

Ir25a²

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Ir25a^NIG.15627R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Ir25a.PA

Ir25a^NIG.15627R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nan.PK

Ir25a^NIG.15627R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nocte.PS

Ir25a^NIG.15627R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nompC.PL

Ir25a^NIG.15627R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage (with Df(2L)Exel6010)

Ir25a²

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage | conditional

Ir25a²

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage | conditional (with Ir25a¹)

Ir25a²

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage | conditional (with Ir25a²)

Ir25a¹

abnormal neurophysiology

Ir25a²

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage

Ir25a²

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Gr33a-GAL4

Ir25a^KK106802

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | heat sensitive

Ir25a²

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Pdf.PU

Ir25a^UAS.cAa

abnormal oviposition

Ir25a²

abnormal proboscis extension reflex

Ir25a²

increased mortality | chemical conditional

Ir25a²

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult gustatory receptor neuron

Ir25a²

adult metathoracic leg nerve | heat sensitive

Ir25a²

large labellar taste bristle | adult stage

Ir25a²

l-LNv neuron | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Pdf.PU

Ir25a^UAS.cAa

L-type sensillum L1

Ir25a²

short labellar taste bristle | adult stage

Ir25a²

short labellar taste bristle S-a

Ir25a²

short labellar taste bristle S-a, with Scer\GAL4^Gr33a-GAL4

Ir25a^KK106802

short labellar taste bristle S-c

Ir25a²

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (21)

Hsap\GRIA1

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRIA2

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRIA3

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRIA4

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRIK4

5 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRID1

4 of 14

Hsap\GRID2

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

Yes

Hsap\GRIN3B

3 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)

Rnor\Gria3

5 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gria4

5 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Grik4

5 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gria1

4 of 14

Rnor\Gria2

4 of 14

Rnor\Grid2

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)

Mmus\Gria1

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gria2

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gria4

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Grik4

5 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Gria3

4 of 14

Mmus\Grid1

4 of 14

Mmus\Grid2

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (32)

Xtro\grik4

3 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\gmpr

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\grm5

1 of 13

Xtro\lrfn5

1 of 13

Xtro\lrrn4cl

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\mettl4

1 of 13

Xtro\serpinb1

1 of 13

Xtro\vtcn1

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (33)

Drer\gria1a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\gria1b

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\gria2a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\gria2b

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\gria3a

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\gria3b

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\gria4b

5 of 14

Yes

Drer\grik4

5 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\grin3ba

3 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC110438919

3 of 14

Drer\si:ch211-251b21.1

3 of 14

Drer\si:dkey-183j2.10

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

Drer\LOC100149482

2 of 14

Drer\LOC100331381

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (17)

Cele\glr-7

11 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\T25E4.2

1 of 14

Cele\ZK867.2

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (45)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010272

11 of 12

Yes

4 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (20)

Atha\GLR3.4

7 of 13

Yes

Atha\GLR3.5

7 of 13

Yes

Atha\GLR5

7 of 13

Yes

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ir25a. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (47)

8 of 13

8 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

7 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

6 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

mtt

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

GRIA1; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1

model of autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 67

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 76

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

GRIA3; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3

model of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 94

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

GRID2; glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2

model of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

GRIA1; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1

5 of 14

138248

GRIA2; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2

5 of 14

138247

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES; NEDLIB

GRIA3; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3

5 of 14

305915

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, WU TYPE; MRXSW

syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 94

GRIA4; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4

5 of 14

138246

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH OR WITHOUT SEIZURES AND GAIT ABNORMALITIES; NEDSGA

GRIK4; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 4

5 of 14

600282

GRID1; glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 1

4 of 14

610659

GRID2; glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2

4 of 14

602368

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 18; SCAR18

autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18

GRIK1; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1

4 of 14

138245

GRIK3; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3

4 of 14

138243

GRIK2; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2

3 of 14

138244

autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 6

GRIK5; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5

3 of 14

600283

GRIN2A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A

3 of 14

138253

EPILEPSY, FOCAL, WITH SPEECH DISORDER AND WITH OR WITHOUT IMPAIRED INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT; FESD

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

GRIN2B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B

3 of 14

138252

GRIN2C; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C

3 of 14

138254

GRIN2D; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D

3 of 14

602717

DEVELOPMENTAL AND EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY 46; DEE46

developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 46

GRIN3A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A

3 of 14

606650

GRIN3B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B

3 of 14

606651

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Ir25a - nocte

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Chen et al., 2015)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Dgat2

suppressible

Ir25a

(Deng et al., 2025)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2024)

suppressible

(Dweck et al., 2022)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with nocte.

(UniProt, E9NA96 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0031634

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

33683

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-13

Cytogenetic map

25A8-25A8

Sequence location

2L:4,830,846..4,835,300 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

25A8-25A8

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Tps1^k08903&P{EP}morgue^EP1184 and P{lacW}l(2)k10004^k10004&P{EP}CG3036^EP963

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-13

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-15.4

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (23)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

78067

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-Ir25a.L}3

41736

w^*; TI{TI}Ir25a¹/CyO

41737

w^*; TI{TI}Ir25a²/CyO

92392

w^*; TI{2A-QF2}Ir25a^2A-QF2

84073

y¹ v¹; P{TKO.GS05542}attP2

29539

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01925}attP2

43985

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMC02682}attP40

NIG-Fly

15627R-1

P{NIG.15627R}1

15627R-2

P{NIG.15627R}2

HMC02682

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMC02682}attP40

VDRC

v106731

P{KK106802}VIE-260B

v7842

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD891}v7842

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (11)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (5)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

IP13516

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0031634

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0031634

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Knecht et al., 2016, Benton et al., 2009)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Ir25a CG15627

(Benton et al., 2009)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

25a

(Ni, 2020)

CG15627

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hosono et al., 2015, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Rees et al., 2011, Croset et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Benton et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Lee et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009)

CT35778

(Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000)

DmelIR25a

(Croset et al., 2010)

Ir25a

(Budelli et al., 2025, Keesey et al., 2025, Lebreton et al., 2025, Asefa et al., 2024, Jain et al., 2024, Luo et al., 2024, Sang et al., 2024, Suito and Tominaga, 2024, Corthals et al., 2023, Fisher et al., 2023, Ali et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Dweck et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Zocchi et al., 2022, De and Chatterjee, 2021, McLaughlin et al., 2021, Mika and Benton, 2021, Vulpe et al., 2021, Chen and Dahanukar, 2020, Guo et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Budelli et al., 2019, Chakraborty et al., 2019, Devineni et al., 2019, Narasimha et al., 2019, Rimal et al., 2019, Abu et al., 2018, Chin et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Frank et al., 2017, Ganguly et al., 2017, Croset et al., 2016, Enjin et al., 2016, Knecht et al., 2016, Ni et al., 2016, Lin et al., 2015, Martin et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Benton, 2012.10.23, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Benton et al., 2009)

ir25a

(Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-)

Name Synonyms

CG15627

Ionotropic Receptor 25a

(Chen et al., 2015)

Ionotropic receptor 25a

(Tsubouchi et al., 2012)

ionotropic receptor 25a

(Benton et al., 2009)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

33683

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

E9NA96

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

E9NA96

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

E9NA96

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0031634

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33683/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0031634

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0031634

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0031634

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG15627

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

33683

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0031634

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0031634

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0031634

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0031634

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0031634

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0031634

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0031634

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC004850

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

33683

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (156)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

0.44

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