FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\neb
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\neb
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
nebbish
Annotation Symbol
CG10718
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004374
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
plus-end-directed kinesin ATPase (5.6.1.3)
Gene Summary
nebbish (neb) encodes a microtubule motor protein that interacts with PP1 phosphatases and is involved in chromosome segregation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-07-11] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

KLP38B, 38B.10, 38B.12, tio, Mothra

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-54
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:20075757..20089698
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:flw; FB:FBgn0000711
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1-13C; FB:FBgn0003132
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1α-96A; FB:FBgn0003134
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pp1-87B; FB:FBgn0004103
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001752, InterPro:IPR019821
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001752
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Khc; FB:FBgn0001308
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001752, InterPro:IPR019821
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in meiotic cell cycle
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:nod; FB:FBgn0002948
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001752, InterPro:IPR019821
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Khc; FB:FBgn0001308
involved_in oogenesis
traceable author statement
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in heterochromatin
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
is_active_in microtubule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000648413
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
ATP hydrolysis activity
RHEA 13065: plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
ATP + H2O + a kinesin associated with a microtubule at position (n) = ADP + phosphate a kinesin associated with a microtubule at position (n+1, toward the plus end) (5.6.1.3)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
nebbish (neb) encodes a microtubule motor protein that interacts with PP1 phosphatases and is involved in chromosome segregation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-07-11]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
KINESINS -
Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are microtubule motor proteins which use the hydrolysis of ATP to drive directional movement along microtubules. KIFs possess a well-conserved 360 residue globular head domain which binds and hydrolyses ATP and interacts with microtubules. Many KIFs homodimerize via coiled-coil interactions in the stalk region. KIFs bind cargo through their variable tail regions and are involved in transporting organelles, protein complexes, mRNAs and the movement of spindles and chromosomes during cell division. (Adapted from FBrf0219884).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
neb: nebbish (M. Fuller)
Recessive late lethal. Some homozygotes survive until the pupal period, but very few eclose. Squash preparations of pupal testes reveal that the mitochondrial derivative (nebenkern) fails to elongate during spermatid differentiation. Flagellar axonemes are assembled. Onion stage early spermatids appear normal.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\neb for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VIP4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0081332
3592
1121
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.6 (longest cDNA)

3.6 (northern blot)

3.5 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0080864
125.2
1121
7.72
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1121 (aa); 125 (kD predicted)

1121 (aa); 110 (kD observed)

Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\neb using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.81

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

neb is expressed in proliferating cells in various tissues and developmental stages, including the central nervous system, imaginal discs, testis, and ovary.

The neb transcript is most abundant in 0-2 hr embryos, and is also present in later embryos and in adults. In situ analysis shows that neb is distributed uniformly in preblastoderm embryos. neb is restricted to the nervous system at mid-embryogenesis, and is found in the procephalic neuroblasts and the ventral cord late in embryogenesis. During larval stages, expression is detected in the mitotically active regions of the brain and imaginal discs. From stage 5 of oogenesis, neb is detected in follicle cells and nurse cells. In th adult testis, neb accumulates in gonial cells and in primary spermatocytes.

neb is expressed at high levels in embryos. It is also expressed in adults during gametogenesis.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

During mitosis and male meiosis, neb protein colocalizes with condensed chromatin.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in heterochromatin
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\neb in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 52 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of neb
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of neb
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 45 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 45 )
Gene disrupted in
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult neuroblast & mitosis & nuclear chromosome
adult neuroblast & spindle
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (21)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (12)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (13)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (19)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (19)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (10)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (19)
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:neb. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (26)
6 of 13
6 of 13
5 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-54
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    38B3-38B5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}barrk14014 and P{EP}nebEP642
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    38B4-38B6
    38B4-38B6
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    38B-38B
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    38B3-38B4
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    38B1-38B2
    38B3--4 38B3--5 38B3--6 38B4--5 38B4--6
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (29)
    Genomic Clones (17)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (14)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          neb has been isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins interacting with Pp1-87B.

          neb protein binds Pp1-87B protein in vitro. neb function is required for normal chromosome condensation in mitosis and for male and female fertility.

          neb encodes the kinesin-like protein KLP38B.

          neb, perhaps redundantly with other chromosome-associated microtubule motor proteins, contributes to interactions between chromosome arms and microtubules important for establishing bipolar attachment of chromosomes and assembly of stable bipolar spindles.

          neb has been cloned and sequenced.

          Mutations in neb slow down blastoderm mitotic divisions.

          neb is required during mitosis for chromosome placement or maintenance at the metaphase plate in blastoderm embryos.

          The neb protein functions during meiosis, mitosis and abdominal segmentation. Mutant phenotypes suggests that neb encodes a chromokinesin that provides astral exclusion forces on the chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis, and might be involved in polar granule formation.

          Complementation group identified in the barr region.

          Encodes a kinesin-like protein.

          Mutations of neb affect the morphology and behaviour of the mitotic spindles of embryonic cleavage divisions to produce multipolar spindles in male meiosis and generate abnormal mitotic figures in larval neuroblasts.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments

          The P{lacW}l(2)k09314bk09314b insertion maps between pr and neb, mapping between the predicted neb promoter and transcription start site.

          "l(2)k09314b" probably corresponds to "neb".

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          Gene name "Mothra" was named after the insect monster that protected Tokyo from Godzilla. Name is based on the nebMot embryonic phenotype.

          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (30)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          l(2)03552
          l(2)k00802
          l(2)k07614
          sl(2)ry
          sl(2)ry3
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0010543
          • FBgn0015262
          • FBgn0019965
          • FBgn0022079
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (128)