Human Disease Model Report: cancer, epithelial, Par-complex-related

General Information

Name

cancer, epithelial, Par-complex-related

FlyBase ID

FBhh0000810

Disease Ontology Term

carcinoma

Parent Disease

OMIM

Overview

Loss of apical-basal polarity is an early event in the development of epithelial cancers. Epithelial cell polarity is maintained by three highly conserved polarity complexes, Par, Crumbs (CRB) and Scribble (SCRIB). In Drosophila, the Par complex consists of Dmel\baz (PARD3, PARD3B in human), Dmel\Cdc42 (CDC42 in human), Dmel\par-6 (PARD6A, PARD6B, PARD6G in human) and Dmel\aPKC (PRKCI, PRKCZ in human). This complex is variously called the PAR3-aPKC-PAR6 complex, the Cdc42-Par6-aPKC complex, the aPKC-PAR complex, or other combinations of the components; the junctional apical-basal polarity complex or the junctional ABP complex. The four component fly genes have been extensively studied: classical loss-of-function mutations, RNAi-targeting constructs, and alleles caused by insertional mutagenesis have been generated for each; physical and genetic interactions have been described for each; see below and in the respective gene reports.

The human Hsap\CDC42 and Hsap\PARD6B genes have been introduced into flies, but have not been characterized in context of this disease model.

Assayed in imaginal discs in flies, loss-of-function mutations of the Par complex genes exhibit polarity and other epithelial defects, but do not result in overgrowth phenotypes. Early work in Drosophila demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations of baz or Cdc42, in combination with a Ras85D activated mutation, transform the activated Ras overproliferation phenotype into an invasive phenotype.

Drosophila larval wing imaginal discs undergo apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation following tissue injury; this can be assayed by exposing larvae to irradiation. Loss of Cdc42, and to a lesser extent aPKC, increase this proliferation response. Cdc42, baz, aPKC, and par-6 have been characterized in combination with the anti-apoptotic p35 gene from baculovirus (BacA\p35). When apoptosis is blocked by p35 expression, Par-complex-depleted tissues are hyperproliferative, leading to tissue and organ overgrowth.

Activated aPKC expressed in wing discs has been used in transplantation assays; hosts develop malignant tumors. Reduced lifespan is observed, in part due to impact on the blood-brain barrier. Data suggest that transplanted tumors actively induce blood-brain barrier permeabilization; preventing the increased blood-brain barrier permeabilization extends the host lifespan.

[updated Oct. 2021 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Disease Summary: cancer, epithelial, Par-complex-related

OMIM report

Human gene(s) implicated

Symptoms and phenotype

Genetics

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

External links

Disease synonyms

Search term: aPKC/Par3/Par6 complex

Search term: aPKC-PAR complex

Search term: Cdc42-Par6-aPKC complex

Search term: junctional ABP complex

Search term: junctional apical-basal polarity complex

Search term: Par3/Par6/aPKC complex

Search term: PAR3-aPKC-PAR6 complex

Search term: Partitioning-defective complex

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

cancer, epithelial, Scribble-complex-related

cancer, malignant glioma, Par-complex-related

ovarian carcinoma, RAS-PKRC-related

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (4)

Dmel\baz

Gene Snapshot

bazooka (baz) encodes a scaffold protein that forms a complex with the products of par-6 and aPKC and with other cortical, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins. It functions in cell polarization pathways in epithelial, neuronal and other cell types. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

PAR
NTCH-P

Comments on ortholog(s)

Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human PARD3 and PARD3B (1 Drosophila to 2 human). Dmel\baz shares 22-26% identity and 34-38% similarity with the human genes.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\Cdc42

Gene Snapshot

Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) encodes a GTPase signaling protein that acts as a molecular switch and functions as key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a central role in diverse biological processes including actin cytoskeleton organization, morphogenesis, hemocyte migration, cell polarity, and wound repair. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

RHO
PVR-C

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human CDC42 (1 Drosophila to 1 human). Dmel\Cdc42 shares 92% identity and 95% similarity with the human gene.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\aPKC

Gene Snapshot

atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) encodes a member of the conserved Par complex and is asymmetrically localized to the apical cortex, where it phosphorylates and thus excludes the basal determinants encoded by mira and numb. It is involved in neuroblast proliferation and self-renewal. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human PRKCI and PRKCZ (1 Drosophila to 2 human). Dmel\aPKC shares 60-63% identity and 70-74% similarity with the human genes.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\par-6

Gene Snapshot

par-6 (par-6) encodes a scaffold protein that forms a complex with the products of baz and aPKC and with other cortical, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins. It is involved in cell polarization, actin-based protrusion formation and tracheal branching. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

PAR
HH-SMOP

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human PARD6A, PARD6B, and PARD6G (1 Drosophila to 3 human). Dmel\par-6 shares 48-55% identity and 62-73% similarity with the human genes.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (116 groups)

baz

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

baz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography, cross-linking study

(Kullmann and Krahn, 2018, Benton and St. Johnston, 2003)

baz - 14-3-3ε

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Krahn et al., 2009)

baz - α-Cat

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Bulgakova et al., 2013)

baz - aPKC

protein kinase assay, autoradiography, two hybrid, pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag western blot

(Holly et al., 2020, Casas-Tintó and Ferrús, 2019, Padash Barmchi et al., 2016, Goh et al., 2013, Duchi et al., 2010, Morais-de-Sá et al., 2010, Simões et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2009, Krahn et al., 2009, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Djiane et al., 2005, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Betschinger et al., 2003, Wodarz et al., 2000)

baz - arm

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography

(Wei et al., 2005)

baz - ASPP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Chan et al., 2021)

baz - clu

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Goh et al., 2013)

baz - crb

pull down, autoradiography

(Kolsch et al., 2007)

baz - cyst

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Silver et al., 2019)

baz - Dlic

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Jouette et al., 2019)

baz - dsh

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Banerjee et al., 2017)

baz - ed

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wei et al., 2005)

baz - fz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Banerjee et al., 2017, Djiane et al., 2005)

baz - insc

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, autoradiography

(Schober et al., 1999, Wodarz et al., 1999)

baz - Magi

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Padash Barmchi et al., 2016)

baz - Mbs

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sen et al., 2015)

baz - meru

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(McLellan et al., 2025, Banerjee et al., 2017)

baz - mira

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

baz - mts

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Krahn et al., 2009)

baz - N

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Wu et al., 2024)

baz - numb

pull down, western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

baz - par-6

pull down, western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by staining, autoradiography, x-ray crystallography

(Holly et al., 2020, Renschler et al., 2018, Morais-de-Sá et al., 2010, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Hutterer et al., 2004, Peterson et al., 2004, Ruiz-Canada et al., 2004, Betschinger et al., 2003, Petronczki and Knoblich, 2001)

baz - Patj

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sen et al., 2015)

baz - pon

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

baz - Pp2A-29B

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, two hybrid

(Krahn et al., 2009)

baz - Pten

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(von Stein et al., 2005)

baz - RASSF8

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Chan et al., 2021)

baz - sdt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Koch et al., 2016, Sen et al., 2015, Krahn et al., 2010)

baz - shg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance

(Renschler et al., 2018, Bulgakova et al., 2013, Harris and Peifer, 2005)

baz - sktl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Jouette et al., 2019)

baz - smash

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, nuclear magnetic resonance, predetermined participant

(Beati et al., 2018)

baz - sqh

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wang and Riechmann, 2007)

baz - Src42A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Sotillos et al., 2013)

baz - stan

pull down, western blot

(Wasserscheid et al., 2007)

baz - Stat92E

pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sotillos et al., 2013, Sotillos et al., 2008)

baz - stau

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wodarz et al., 1999)

baz - Traf4

pull down, autoradiography

(Mathew et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2006)

baz - tws

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Krahn et al., 2009)

baz - wrd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Krahn et al., 2009)

baz - wts

coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Keder et al., 2015)

baz - wupA

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Casas-Tintó and Ferrús, 2019)

Cdc42

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Cdc42 - Abi

pull down, western blot

(Fricke et al., 2009)

Cdc42 - aPKC

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Leibfried et al., 2013)

Cdc42 - CG12299

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Cdc42 - Cip4

pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot, two hybrid, autoradiography

(Brinkmann et al., 2016, Nahm et al., 2010, Fricke et al., 2009, Leibfried et al., 2008)

Cdc42 - dsx

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Cdc42 - Frl

pull down, autoradiography

(Dollar et al., 2016)

Cdc42 - GEFmeso

pull down, autoradiography, enzymatic study

(Sundaram, 2015, Blanke and Jackle, 2006)

Cdc42 - gek

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Luo et al., 1997)

Cdc42 - mbt

pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Rötte et al., 2024, Melzer et al., 2013, Schneeberger and Raabe, 2003)

Cdc42 - nwk

enzymatic study

(Rodal et al., 2008)

Cdc42 - Pak

pull down, autoradiography, western blot

(Nahm et al., 2006, Harden et al., 1996)

Cdc42 - Pak3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Mentzel and Raabe, 2005)

Cdc42 - par-6

pull down, molecular weight estimation by coomasie staining, western blot, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance

(Nunes de Almeida et al., 2019, Atwood et al., 2007, Hutterer et al., 2004, Peterson et al., 2004)

Cdc42 - pbl

pull down, anti tag western blot, autoradiography

(Nakamura et al., 2017, Rosa et al., 2015)

Cdc42 - RhoGAP18B

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ojelade et al., 2015)

Cdc42 - RhoGAP92B

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Neisch et al., 2013)

Cdc42 - RhoGAP100F

pull down, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, fluorescence technology

(Spinner et al., 2018)

Cdc42 - RhoGEF2

pull down, autoradiography

(Nakamura et al., 2017)

Cdc42 - SCAR

pull down, western blot

(Fricke et al., 2009)

Cdc42 - scra

pull down, autoradiography

(Stjepić et al., 2024)

Cdc42 - slpr

pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Garlena et al., 2010, Neisch et al., 2010)

Cdc42 - Sumo

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Handu et al., 2015)

Cdc42 - WASp

pull down, western blot, autoradiography, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy

(Sharifai et al., 2014, Nahm et al., 2010, Fricke et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Rodal et al., 2008)

Cdc42 - Whamy

pull down, anti tag western blot, autoradiography

(Brinkmann et al., 2016, Liu et al., 2009)

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Cdc42 - fne

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Alizzi et al., 2020)

aPKC

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

aPKC - kin17

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, reverse transcription pcr

(Connell et al., 2024)

aPKC - orb

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Barr et al., 2019)

aPKC - orb2

pull down, western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Xu et al., 2014, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

aPKC

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Colosimo et al., 2010)

aPKC - aurA

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

aPKC - baz

aPKC - Cdc42

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Leibfried et al., 2013)

aPKC - clu

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Goh et al., 2013)

aPKC - crb

phenotype-based detection assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, pull down, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Kempkens et al., 2006, Sotillos et al., 2004)

aPKC - Dap160

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, autoradiography

(Chabu and Doe, 2008)

aPKC - dlg1

enzymatic study, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Golub et al., 2017)

aPKC - futsch

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Ruiz-Canada et al., 2004)

aPKC - fz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Djiane et al., 2005)

aPKC - kibra

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Jin et al., 2015)

aPKC - l(2)gl

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, experimental knowledge based, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Portela et al., 2024, Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016, Goh et al., 2013, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Tian and Deng, 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Betschinger et al., 2003)

aPKC - Magi

proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Padash Barmchi et al., 2016)

aPKC - mira

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography, pull down, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

aPKC - mts

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Chabu and Doe, 2009, Ogawa et al., 2009)

aPKC - Myo10A

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Liu et al., 2008)

aPKC - nuf

pull down, western blot, protein kinase assay, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016)

aPKC - numb

pull down, western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

aPKC - par-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016, Tian and Deng, 2008)

aPKC - par-6

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based

(Nunes de Almeida et al., 2019, Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016, Neumüller et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Atwood and Prehoda, 2009, Kim et al., 2009, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Djiane et al., 2005, Hutterer et al., 2004, Ruiz-Canada et al., 2004, Betschinger et al., 2003)

aPKC - Patj

pull down, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Sotillos et al., 2004)

aPKC - pbl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rosa et al., 2015)

aPKC - pon

pull down, western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

aPKC - Rap1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Carmena et al., 2011)

aPKC - ref(2)P

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Avila et al., 2002)

aPKC - sdt

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Koch et al., 2016)

aPKC - sif

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Wang et al., 2018)

aPKC - Tsp2A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Xu et al., 2019)

aPKC - tws

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Chabu and Doe, 2009)

aPKC - Vhl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Duchi et al., 2010)

aPKC - wupA

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Casas-Tintó and Ferrús, 2019)

aPKC - yrt

enzymatic study, autoradiography, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Gamblin et al., 2014)

par-6

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

par-6 - brat

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

par-6 - fz2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Speese et al., 2012)

par-6 - Msp300

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Packard et al., 2015)

RNA-RNA

Interacting group

Assay

References

par-6 - mir-1

luminiscence technology

(Kuzuoğlu-Öztürk et al., 2016, Eulalio et al., 2009, Eulalio et al., 2008)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

par-6 - aPKC

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based

par-6 - aurA

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

par-6 - baz

pull down, western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, molecular weight estimation by staining, autoradiography, x-ray crystallography

par-6 - Cdc42

pull down, molecular weight estimation by coomasie staining, western blot, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance

(Nunes de Almeida et al., 2019, Atwood et al., 2007, Hutterer et al., 2004, Peterson et al., 2004)

par-6 - crb

nuclear magnetic resonance, pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, x-ray crystallography, phenotype-based detection assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Nunes de Almeida et al., 2019, Whitney et al., 2016, Kempkens et al., 2006)

par-6 - Dap160

pull down, autoradiography

(Chabu and Doe, 2008)

par-6 - l(2)gl

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Neumüller et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Hutterer et al., 2004, Betschinger et al., 2003)

par-6 - mira

pull down, western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

par-6 - mts

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ogawa et al., 2009)

par-6 - numb

pull down, western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

par-6 - Patj

pull down, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Hutterer et al., 2004, Nam and Choi, 2003)

par-6 - pbl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down

(Rosa et al., 2015)

par-6 - pon

pull down, western blot

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008)

par-6 - Rap1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Carmena et al., 2011)

par-6 - sdt

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, peptide massfingerprinting

(Koch et al., 2016, Neumüller et al., 2012, Kempkens et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2004)

Hsap\CDC42

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Hsap\CDC42 - RhoGEF3

enzymatic study, fluorescence technology

(Couturier et al., 2017)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (11 alleles)

baz

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

baz⁴

model of cancer

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Pagliarini and Xu, 2003)

CEA with Ras85D^V12.cUa.UAS

(Yang et al., 2022)

baz^GD1384

model of developmental disorder of mental health

CEA

(Stessman et al., 2017)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

baz^UAS.cKa

ameliorates hematologic cancer

modeled by hop^Tum

(Bina et al., 2010)

baz^GD1384

ameliorates hematologic cancer

modeled by hop^Tum

(Bina et al., 2010)

Cdc42

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Cdc42¹

model of cancer

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Pagliarini and Xu, 2003)

Cdc42^JF02855

model of kidney disease

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2013)

Cdc42^R186C.UASp

model of syndrome

CEA

(Verboon et al., 2020)

model of myelofibrosis

CEA

(Verboon et al., 2020)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

aPKC

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

aPKC^{UAS.Tag:CAAX(Unk)}

model of cancer

CEA with hep^UAS.cBa

(Bunker et al., 2015)

CEA with ph-p^GD4480

(Bunker et al., 2015)

model of high grade glioma

CEA

(Paglia et al., 2017)

aPKC^M.UAS

model of carcinoma

CEA

(Eder et al., 2005)

aPKC^ΔN.UAS

model of ovarian carcinoma

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Hsi et al., 2023)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

aPKC^UAS.ORF

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Myc^UAS.cZa, p53^{RNAi.UAS.RasG12D}

(Diaz et al., 2024)

aPKC^{UAS.Tag:CAAX(Unk)}

model of high grade glioma

is ameliorated by Myc^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Paglia et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Pi3K92E^CAAX.UAS

(Paglia et al., 2017)

aPKC^ΔN.UAS

model of cancer

is NOT ameliorated by bsk^K53R.UAS

(Bunker et al., 2015)

par-6

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

par-6^GD4048

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^R406W.UAS

(Butzlaff et al., 2015)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Hsap\PARD6B^UAS.Tag:HA

PBac{UAS-hPARD6B.HA}

y¹ w^*; PBac{UAS-hPARD6B.HA}VK00037

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

P{UASp-Cdc42.R186C}11, w^*

aPKC^{UAS.Tag:CAAX(Unk)}

P{UAS-aPKC.WT.CAAX}

aPKC^UAS.ORF

M{UAS-aPKC.ORF}

M{UAS-aPKC.ORF}ZH-86Fb

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1384}v2914

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01078}attP2

baz^JF01079

P{TRiP.JF01079}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01079}attP2

baz^HMS01412

P{TRiP.HMS01412}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01412}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00654}attP40

baz^HMS01992

P{TRiP.HMS01992}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01992}attP40

baz^RNAi.UASp

P{UASp-baz.RNAi}

w^*; P{UASp-baz.RNAi}attP40

par-6^RNAi.Sym.UAS

P{UAS-par-6.RNAi.Sym}

par-6^GD4048

P{GD4048}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4048}v19731

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01410}attP2

par-6^GL00621

P{TRiP.GL00621}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00621}attP40

par-6^HMS01829

P{TRiP.HMS01829}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS01829}attP2

par-6^HMS01928

P{TRiP.HMS01928}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01928}attP40

P{UAS-Cdc42.RNAi}1, w^*

Cdc42^JF02855

P{TRiP.JF02855}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02855}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01502}attP40

Cdc42^GL00620

P{TRiP.GL00620}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00620}attP40

Cdc42^HMS02553

P{TRiP.HMS02553}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS02553}attP40/CyO

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1366}v2907/CyO

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01966}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01320}attP2

aPKC^GL00007

P{TRiP.GL00007}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00007}attP2

aPKC^HMS01411

P{TRiP.HMS01411}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01411}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01689}attP40

aPKC^HMC06305

P{TRiP.HMC06305}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC06305}attP40

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

baz⁴

ethyl methanesulfonate

y¹ baz⁴/FM7c

par-6^29VV

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

ethyl methanesulfonate

y¹ w^* par-6^29VV P{neoFRT}19A/FM7i

Cdc42⁴

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

y¹ w^* Cdc42⁴ P{neoFRT}19A/FM6

Cdc42³

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

w¹ sn³ Cdc42³/FM6

Cdc42¹

ethyl methanesulfonate

y¹ w^* Cdc42¹/FM6

aPKC^HC

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

CRISPR/Cas9

aPKC^k06403

loss of function allele

P-element activity

y^d2 w¹¹¹⁸ P{ey-FLP.N}2 P{5xglBS-lacZ.38-1}TPN1; P{neoFRT}42D P{lacW}aPKC^k06403 /CyO y⁺

References (22)

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