FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\ple

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

embryonic stage 17

epidermis | segmentally repeated | ventral

Comment: expression is specific to ple-RB isoform

(Friggi-Grelin et al., 2003)

first instar larval stage

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage & adult stage

central nervous system

(Birman et al., 1994)

(Neckameyer and Quinn, 1989)

epidermis

(Birman et al., 1994)

larval central nervous system

adult head

(Birman et al., 1994, Neckameyer and Quinn, 1989)

adult thorax

(Birman et al., 1994)

adult abdomen

(Birman et al., 1994)

pcr

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

(Birman et al., 1994)

adult brain

(Birman et al., 1994)

adult head

(Birman et al., 1994)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression assayed at stages 9, 11, 13, and 17. Expression may be continuous between assayed stages in some tissues.

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

ple-RB transcript isoform is expressed is ventral segmentally repeated rows of the epidermal cells that produce the denticle belts.

(Friggi-Grelin et al., 2003)

The 3.7 kb ple transcript is restricted to neural tissue. It is detected in adult head or brain tissue and from larval central nervous system using RT-PCR.

(Birman et al., 1994)

The 3.2 kb ple transcript, the shorter of the two type II ple isoforms, is epidermal, and is detected in larvae and adults using RT-PCR. Adult head, thorax, abdomen and larval epidermis express the short form of ple. A low level of expression is also seen in central nervous system tissue from larvae and adults. The 3.2 kb transcript is also detected in adult heads using Northern hybridization.

(Birman et al., 1994)

ple transcripts are detected in adult heads and in first instar larvae.

(Neckameyer and Quinn, 1989)

Marker for

(Stagg et al., 2011)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS)

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 17

EW1 neuron

(Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

EW2 neuron

(Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

larval serotonergic VNC neuron | subset

dopaminergic neuron | subset

(Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

(Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

larval dopaminergic DL1 neuron

Comment: expression is specific to ple-PA isoform

(Rohwedder et al., 2016, Friggi-Grelin et al., 2003)

(Rohwedder et al., 2016)

larval dopaminergic DL2 neuron

(Rohwedder et al., 2016)

larval dopaminergic DM neuron

(Rohwedder et al., 2016)

larval dopaminergic pPAM neuron

(Rohwedder et al., 2016)

adult dopaminergic PAM neuron

(White et al., 2010, Mao and Davis, 2009, Neckameyer et al., 2000, Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

dopaminergic PPM1 neuron

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009, Yang et al., 2006)

dopaminergic PPL2c neuron

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(White et al., 2010, Mao and Davis, 2009)

pedunculus of adult mushroom body | distal | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 1 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 2 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 3 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha' lobe slice 1 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body gamma lobe slice 3 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body gamma lobe slice 4 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body gamma lobe slice 5 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

protocerebral bridge | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

calyx of adult mushroom body | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

adult brain | restricted

(White et al., 2010)

dopaminergic PAL neuron

(White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009)

adult ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

adult mushroom body gamma-lobe | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

medial lobe of adult mushroom body | lateral | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

medial lobe of adult mushroom body | distal | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

vertical lobe of adult mushroom body | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

ellipsoid body outer posterior domain

(Xie et al., 2017)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

ple is expressed in approximately 10 PPL1, 8 PPL2, 6 PPM1/2, 5 PPM3 and 4 PAL dopaminergic neurons.

(White et al., 2010)

ple protein is expressed in the dopaminergic clusters PAL (5 neurons), PAM (74 neurons), PPL1 (12 neurons), PPL2ab (6 neurons), PPM1 (1 neuron), PPM2 (10 neurons) and PPM3 (8 neurons). ple protein labels more neurons in the PAM cluster than ScerGAL4^ple.PF or ScerGAL4^Ddc.HL9.

(Claridge-Chang et al., 2009)

Expression of ple is widely expressed throughout the mushroom body horizontal lobe, but is particularly intense at their distal tips.

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

ple-PA protein isoform is CNS-specific.

(Friggi-Grelin et al., 2003)

Marker for

(Pitmon et al., 2016, White et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2007, Neckameyer et al., 2000, Lundell and Hirsh, 1998)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.DBD}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

dopaminergic PAM neuron 5 | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R30G08-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB032B')

(Yamagata et al., 2015, Aso et al., 2014)

dopaminergic PAM neuron 6

Comment: when combined with P{R30G08-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB032B')

(Dolan et al., 2018, Yamagata et al., 2015, Aso et al., 2014)

dopaminergic PAM neuron 12 | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R30G08-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB032B')

(Yamagata et al., 2015, Aso et al., 2014)

dopaminergic PAM neuron 3 | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R30G08-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB032B')

(Yamagata et al., 2015, Aso et al., 2014)

MB-alpha neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB504B')

(Vogt et al., 2014)

mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB504B')

(Aso et al., 2014, Vogt et al., 2014)

mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe arborizing neuron 1

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB504B')

(Aso et al., 2014, Vogt et al., 2014)

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB504B')

(Aso et al., 2014, Vogt et al., 2014)

Comment: when combined with P{R24E12-p65.AD}

when combined with P{R58E02-p65.AD}

when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD}

when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

when combined with P{R82C10-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

dopaminergic PAL neuron | subset

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD}

when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

Comment: when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

dopaminergic PPM1 neuron | subset

Comment: when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron | subset

Comment: when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

Comment: when combined with P{R76F05-p65.AD}

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

dopaminergic PAM neuron 1 | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R30G08-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB032B')

(Aso et al., 2014)

MB-alpha neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R52H03-p65.AD} (combination referred to as 'MB504B')

(Aso et al., 2014)

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.F}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 17

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

larval stage

(Nässel et al., 2008)

vertical lobe of larval mushroom body

(Johard et al., 2008)

spur of larval mushroom body

(Johard et al., 2008)

larval serotonergic T1 neuron

(Xu et al., 2016)

larval serotonergic SE3 neuron

(Xu et al., 2016)

mushroom body gamma lobe slice 1

(Wu et al., 2023, Gao et al., 2019, White et al., 2010, Wu et al., 2010, Mao and Davis, 2009, Nässel et al., 2008, Tanaka et al., 2008)

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

mushroom body gamma lobe slice 2

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

mushroom body gamma lobe slice 5

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

mushroom body beta' anterior-posterior layer

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 2

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 3

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

mushroom body beta lobe surface layer

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

calyx of adult mushroom body

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

adult mushroom body dorsal accessory calyx

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

pedunculus of adult mushroom body

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

dopaminergic PAL neuron

(Riemensperger et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

dopaminergic PPM1 neuron

(Riemensperger et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(Ren et al., 2016, Riemensperger et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(Riemensperger et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(Zhang et al., 2022, Ren et al., 2016, Riemensperger et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

dopaminergic PPL2c neuron

(Riemensperger et al., 2013, Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009, Mao and Davis, 2009)

(Aso et al., 2012, White et al., 2010, Mao and Davis, 2009)

pedunculus of adult mushroom body | distal | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 1 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 2 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha lobe slice 3 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

mushroom body alpha' lobe slice 1 | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

calyx of adult mushroom body | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

fan-shaped body | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016, Mao and Davis, 2009)

ellipsoid body | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016, Mao and Davis, 2009)

posterior lateral protocerebrum | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

adult lateral horn | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

superior medial protocerebrum | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016, Mao and Davis, 2009)

posterior optic commissure | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

lobula | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

superior posterior slope | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

nodulus | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

adult brain | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016, Xu et al., 2016, White et al., 2010)

adult dopaminergic PAM neuron | faint

(White et al., 2010)

neuron | subset of adult brain

(Chen et al., 2012)

ellipsoid body

Comment: medium expression

(Chen et al., 2012)

eye

Comment: faint expression

(Chen et al., 2012)

dopaminergic PAM neuron 3

(Aso et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Claridge-Chang et al., 2009)

(Aso et al., 2012)

mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe arborizing neuron 1

(Aso et al., 2012)

mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1

(Aso et al., 2012)

(Aso et al., 2012)

adult dopaminergic VUM neuron of the gnathal ganglion

(Aso et al., 2012)

vertical lobe of adult mushroom body | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016, Mao and Davis, 2009)

adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe

(Tanaka et al., 2008)

medial lobe of adult mushroom body | distal | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

medial lobe of adult mushroom body | lateral | restricted

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron

(Yu et al., 2010)

(Claridge-Chang et al., 2009)

pedunculus of adult mushroom body | restricted

(Claridge-Chang et al., 2009)

(Johard et al., 2008)

adult mushroom body gamma-lobe

(Johard et al., 2008)

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe

(Johard et al., 2008)

mushroom body spur

(Johard et al., 2008)

dopaminergic neuron | subset of mushroom body vertical lobe

(Riemensperger et al., 2013)

dopaminergic neuron | subset of spur of adult mushroom body

(Riemensperger et al., 2013)

dopaminergic neuron | subset of adult mushroom body gamma-lobe

(Riemensperger et al., 2013)

dopaminergic neuron | subset of ellipsoid body

(Riemensperger et al., 2013)

dopaminergic neuron | subset of fan-shaped body

(Riemensperger et al., 2013)

adult fruitless aSP4 (female) neuron

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)

adult fruitless aSP4 (male) neuron

(von Philipsborn et al., 2014)

dopaminergic PPM3 neuron of adult DM6 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

dFB neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster of adult DL1 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | subset of adult DL2 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

MB-alpha neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster of adult DL2 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

MB-alpha' neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster of adult DL2 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

mushroom body vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1 of adult DL2 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016)

adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016)

superior intermediate protocerebrum | restricted

(Ren et al., 2016)

dopaminergic PPM2 neuron | subset of adult DM2 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

dopaminergic PPM2 neuron | subset of adult DM3 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

dopaminergic PPM2 neuron | subset of adult DM4 lineage clone

(Ren et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic PMPD neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic PMPM neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic IP neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic PLP neuron

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic LP2 neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic LP3 neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic SE1 neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic SE2 neuron

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic SEM neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic ALP neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic T1 neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic T2 neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult serotonergic T3 neuron | subset

(Xu et al., 2016)

serotonergic neuron | subset of adult abdomen

(Xu et al., 2016)

adult ellipsoid body extrinsic ring neuron

(Xie et al., 2017)

small field neuron of the central complex | restricted

(Xie et al., 2017)

neuron of fan-shaped body

(Yarali and Gerber, 2010)

mushroom body pedunculus

(Yarali and Gerber, 2010)

protocerebral bridge

(Yarali and Gerber, 2010)

vertical lobe of adult mushroom body

(Yarali and Gerber, 2010)

adult dopaminergic neuron

(Zhang et al., 2022)

adult neuron | subset of adult brain

(Zhang et al., 2022)

adult dopaminergic PAM neuron

(Mao and Davis, 2009)

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-C'}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-C}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval dopaminergic DL2 neuron

(Bjordal et al., 2014)

larval dopaminergic DL1 neuron | posterior | subset

(Bjordal et al., 2014)

larval dopaminergic DM1 neuron

(Bjordal et al., 2014)

dopaminergic PAL neuron | subset

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015, Liu et al., 2012)

(Xie et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2012)

dopaminergic PPM1 neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015, Liu et al., 2012)

(Xie et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2012)

(Xie et al., 2018, Agrawal and Hasan, 2015, Liu et al., 2012)

dopaminergic PAL neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

dopaminergic neuron of prothoracic neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

dopaminergic neuron of mesothoracic neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

dopaminergic neuron of metathoracic neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

dopaminergic neuron of abdominal neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

dopaminergic PPM1 neuron | subset

(Xie et al., 2018)

adult dopaminergic neuron of gnathal ganglion | subset

(Xie et al., 2018)

adult lateral accessory lobe-posterior slope-protocerebral bridge neuron

(Xie et al., 2018)

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-D'}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval dopaminergic DL2 neuron | subset

(Bjordal et al., 2014)

larval dopaminergic DL1 neuron | anterior | subset

(Bjordal et al., 2014)

dopaminergic PAL neuron | subset

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Pathak et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2012)

(Pathak et al., 2015)

dopaminergic neuron | subset

(Pathak et al., 2015)

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-D}4

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-D}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-F}1

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-F}2

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Liu et al., 2012)

mFB neuron of the dopaminergic PPM3 cluster

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Liu et al., 2012)

vFB neuron of the dopaminergic PPM3 cluster

(Liu et al., 2012)

DP neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Liu et al., 2012)

MB-alpha neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster

(Liu et al., 2012)

dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron | subset

(Liu et al., 2012)

mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Liu et al., 2012)

mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe arborizing neuron 1

(Liu et al., 2012)

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

dopaminergic neuron of abdominal neuron

(Agrawal and Hasan, 2015)

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-F}3

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-F}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron | subset

(Xie et al., 2018)

(Xie et al., 2018)

(Xie et al., 2018)

adult dopaminergic neuron of gnathal ganglion | subset

(Xie et al., 2018)

(Xie et al., 2018)

Reporter: P{ple-GAL4.TH-G}1

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Reporter: P{ple-lexA::p65}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

(Kim et al., 2017)

Reporter: P{ple-nlsLexA::GAD}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult brain | restricted

(Berry et al., 2015)

mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1

(Cervantes-Sandoval et al., 2017, Berry et al., 2015)

(Berry et al., 2015)

adult protocerebrum | restricted

(Berry et al., 2015)

(Berry et al., 2015)

Reporter: P{ple-p65.AD} PBac{ple-p65.AD}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval mushroom body dopaminergic neuron c1

Comment: when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

when combined with P{R72G06-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB586B')

(Truman et al., 2023, Eschbach et al., 2020)

larval mushroom body dopaminergic neuron f1

Comment: when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

(Truman et al., 2023, Eschbach et al., 2020)

MB-alpha neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster

Comment: when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

(Zhang et al., 2022, Aso and Rubin, 2016, Aso et al., 2014)

MB-alpha' neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

(Aso et al., 2014)

mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1

Comment: when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

when combined with P{R73F07-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB099C')

(Zhang et al., 2022, Aso and Rubin, 2016, Aso et al., 2014)

MB-alpha neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster | faint

Comment: when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

when combined with P{R73F07-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB099C')

(Zhang et al., 2022, Aso and Rubin, 2016, Aso et al., 2014)

Comment: when combined with P{R26F01-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB308B')

(Aso et al., 2014)

MB-alpha' neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster

Comment: when combined with P{R26F01-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB308B')

when combined with P{R72B05-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB065B')

(Zhang et al., 2022, Aso and Rubin, 2016, Aso et al., 2014)

MB-alpha' neuron of the dopaminergic PPL1 cluster | intense

Comment: when combined with P{R26F01-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB308B')

(Aso et al., 2014)

mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe arborizing neuron 1

Comment: when combined with P{R22B12-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'MB320C')

(Zhang et al., 2022, Feng et al., 2021, Aso and Rubin, 2016)

EB neuron of the dopaminergic PPM3 cluster

Comment: when combined with P{R42H01-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'LH2454')

(Dolan et al., 2019)

Comment: when combined with P{Ddc-GAL4.DBD}

(Gao et al., 2019)

adult dopaminergic VUM neuron of the gnathal ganglion

Comment: when combined with P{VT064569-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'SS46889')

(Sterne et al., 2021)

adult ascending neuron | subset

Comment: when combined with P{VT064569-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'SS46889')

(Sterne et al., 2021)

dopaminergic PPL1 fan-shaped body layer 5 neuron

Comment: when combined with P{VT064569-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'SS46889')

(Sterne et al., 2021)

Comment: when combined with P{VT025720-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'SS56699')

(Hulse et al., 2021)

dopaminergic PPL1 fan-shaped body layer 6 neuron

Comment: when combined with P{VT025720-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'SS56699')

(Hulse et al., 2021)

dopaminergic PPL1 fan-shaped body layer 7 neuron

Comment: when combined with P{VT025720-GAL4.DBD} (combination referred to as 'SS56699')

(Hulse et al., 2021)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ple in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\ple

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\ple

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0005626

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38746/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0005626

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0005626

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0005626

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10118

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0005626

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\ple

Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 19 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 42 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ple

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ple

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 9 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)A76

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Jurgens et al., 1984)

Df(3L)Vn-2

(Neckameyer and White, 1993, Budnik and White, 1987)

Df(3L)vn^65c

(Pendleton et al., 2002)

Df(3L)W5.4

(Anderson et al., 1995)

Df(3L)XBB70

(Pendleton et al., 2002, Anderson et al., 1995)

Ts(Y;3Rt)G130

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Jurgens et al., 1984)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3L)B162

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Df(3L)XAS96

(Anderson et al., 1995)

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3L)Dfvvl4

(Sotillos et al., 2010)

Inferred from location ( 4 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

ple^KOGal4

lethal (with Df(3L)XBB70)

lethal | heat sensitive

ple³

lethal | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)vn^65c)

ple^ts1

lethal | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)XBB70)

ple^ts1

lethal | heat sensitive (with ple¹)

ple^ts1

lethal | heat sensitive (with ple²)

ple^ts1

lethal | heat sensitive (with ple^ts1)

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

lethal - all die during larval stage

ple^unspecified

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

ple^GD1181

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

ple^GD1181

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ple^GD1181

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

ple^GD1181

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal body color

ple^unspecified

abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

ple^UAS.cTa

abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

ple^UAS.cTa

abnormal body color | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ple^HMC06137

abnormal body color | larval stage

ple^unspecified

abnormal courtship behavior | heat sensitive

ple^ts1

abnormal feeding behavior | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

abnormal feeding behavior | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^RNAi.Sym.UAS

abnormal feeding behavior | larval stage | chemical conditional, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^JF01813

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PU

ple^KK101660

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^KK101660

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^ple.TH-D

ple^KK101660

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

ple^FS.UAS

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^NP6510

ple^JF01813

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^UAS.m

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.TH-C

ple^UAS.m

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.TH-D

ple^UAS.m

abnormal locomotor behavior | heat sensitive

ple^ts1

abnormal locomotor behavior | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)XBB70)

ple^ts1

abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

ple^FS.UAS

abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

abnormal memory, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^GD1181

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR64H06

ple^JF01813

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^KK101660

abnormal phototaxis, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

abnormal phototaxis, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

abnormal phototaxis, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^UAS.cFa

ple²

abnormal proboscis extension reflex, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^UAS.m

abnormal proboscis extension reflex, with Scer\GAL4^ple.TH-C

ple^UAS.m

abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

ple^JF01813

abnormal sleep, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

ple^FS.UAS

abnormal sleep, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

abnormal smell perception, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

ple^FS.UAS

abnormal smell perception, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

abnormal thermotaxis | adult stage | dominant

ple⁴

abnormal visual behavior, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

abnormal visual behavior, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

abnormal visual behavior, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^UAS.cFa

ple²

chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^UAS.cFa

chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4^Trhn.PB

ple^UAS.cFa

decreased cell number | adult stage | drug conditional, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

decreased rate of movement, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple²

ple^FS.UAS

decreased rate of movement, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, ple^FS.UAS

ple²

flightless, with Scer\GAL4^GMR67E06

ple^KK101660

flightless, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^KK101660

long lived, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

long lived | drug conditional, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

some die during embryonic stage

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

uncoordinated | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR67E06

ple^KK101660

uncoordinated | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^KK101660

visible | heat sensitive

ple^ts1

visible | somatic clone

ple^unspecified

wild-type

ple^+t8

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult abdomen, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

ple^UAS.cTa

adult cuticle, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^GD1181

adult cuticle | somatic clone

ple^unspecified

adult external abdomen, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ple^HMC06137

adult external thorax, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ple^HMC06137

adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ple^RNAi.UAS

cephalopharyngeal skeleton

cuticle

ple⁴

dopaminergic neuron | drug conditional, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^KK101660

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

embryonic/larval cuticle

ple^unspecified

embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

ple^JF01813

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk

ple²

larval tracheal system

ple²

macrochaeta

ple⁴

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ple^GD1181

microchaeta | somatic clone

ple^unspecified

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

ple^JF01813

mouth hook

ple⁴

serotonergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

serotonergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

ple^RNAi.Sym.UAS

spiracle

ple⁴

wing, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

ple^GD1181

wing, with Scer\GAL4^GMR67E06

ple^KK101660

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

wing cell, with Scer\GAL4^unspecified

ple^UAS.cTa

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (4)

Hsap\TH

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PAH

4 of 14

Hsap\TPH2

4 of 14

Hsap\TPH1

3 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)

Rnor\Th

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pah

4 of 14

Rnor\Tph1

4 of 14

Rnor\Tph2

4 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)

Mmus\Th

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pah

4 of 14

Mmus\Tph2

4 of 14

Mmus\Tph1

3 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)

Xtro\th

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\th2

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\fbxw8

5 of 13

Yes

Xtro\tph2

3 of 13

Xtro\tph1

2 of 13

Xtro\pah

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\rasgrp3

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\xpot

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)

Drer\th

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\th2

12 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\cat-2

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\pah-1

3 of 14

Cele\tph-1

3 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006023

11 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006020

4 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005712

3 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ple. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)

Trhn

6 of 13

5 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

ple^2.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Cichewicz et al., 2017)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

TH; tyrosine hydroxylase

model of autosomal recessive Segawa syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ple^GD1181

ameliorates synucleinopathy

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

(Bayersdorfer et al., 2010)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

TH; tyrosine hydroxylase

13 of 14

191290

SEGAWA SYNDROME, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

autosomal recessive Segawa syndrome

PAH; phenylalanine hydroxylase

4 of 14

612349

PHENYLKETONURIA; PKU

phenylketonuria

TPH2; tryptophan hydroxylase 2

4 of 14

607478

major depressive disorder

TPH1; tryptophan hydroxylase 1

3 of 14

191060

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

ple - Catsup

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wang et al., 2011)

ple - Pu

far western blotting, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, pull down

(Bowling et al., 2008)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

Ddc

(True et al., 1999, True and Carroll, 1998)

suppressible

Ddc

(True and Carroll, 1998)

suppressible

Trhn

(Neckameyer and Bhatt, 2012)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Ask1

suppressible

(Sekine et al., 2011)

Itpr

suppressible

(Pathak et al., 2015)

Rpn9

suppressible

(Zhang et al., 2021)

Trhn

suppressible

(Neckameyer and Bhatt, 2012)

Txl

suppressible

(Uechi et al., 2018)

Vhl

suppressible