FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\l(2)gd1
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\l(2)gd1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
lethal (2) giant discs 1
Annotation Symbol
CG4713
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261983
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Gene Summary
lethal (2) giant discs 1 (l(2)gd1) encodes a cytosolic protein conserved in Metazoa. It is involved in the transport of proteins such as signaling receptors through the endosomal pathway. It interacts with the ESCRT-III core component encoded by shrb and is probably required for its full activity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

lgd, l(2)gd, lethal (2) giant discs, lethal giant discs, gd

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
32D3-32D4
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-44
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:11106943..11110851
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding
inferred from direct assay
(Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000991266
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039725
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000991266
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in compound eye development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klein, 2003)
involved_in endosomal transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
involved_in endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Baeumers et al., 2020)
involved_in female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Matias et al., 2015)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klein, 2003)
involved_in intracellular protein transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Childress et al., 2006)
involved_in mitotic cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Matias et al., 2015)
involved_in negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Baeumers et al., 2020)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ser; FB:FBgn0004197
(Klein, 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Childress et al., 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
involved_in positive regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Baeumers et al., 2020)
involved_in sensory organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klein, 2003)
involved_in sensory organ precursor cell division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006)
involved_in wing disc morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klein, 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000991266
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Childress et al., 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
located_in endosome membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Baeumers et al., 2020)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000991266
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the CC2D1 family. (Q9VKJ9)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
lethal (2) giant discs 1 (l(2)gd1) encodes a cytosolic protein conserved in Metazoa. It is involved in the transport of proteins such as signaling receptors through the endosomal pathway. It interacts with the ESCRT-III core component encoded by shrb and is probably required for its full activity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAY -
The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Negative regulators of the pathway down-regulate the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Phosphatidyl inositol monophosphate binding protein involved in endosomal protein sorting through regulation of the endosomal sorting required for transport (ESCRT) pathway (PubMed:17084357, PubMed:28564595, PubMed:33349255). Required for full activity of the ESCRT-III complex core component shrb/shrub, probably by preventing its inappropriate polymerisation (PubMed:28564595, PubMed:33349255). Required, but not essential, for the efficient generation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) (PubMed:33349255). Involved in a late stage of the endosomal pathway targeting transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane for lysosomal degradation (PubMed:17084357, PubMed:17084358, PubMed:17088062, PubMed:23178945, PubMed:25804739). Plays a critical role in regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways, including the Notch and BMP/decapentaplegic (dpp) signaling pathways, through targeting of membrane bound receptors to multivesicular bodies, isolating them from the cytoplasm and targeting them for lysosomal degradation (PubMed:12648493, PubMed:17084357, PubMed:17084358, PubMed:17088062, PubMed:25804739). Involved in targeting N/Notch for endosomal degradation, negatively regulating the Notch signaling pathway (PubMed:12648493, PubMed:17084357, PubMed:17084358, PubMed:17088062). Regulates Notch signaling in imaginal disk cells and follicle cells during oogenesis and multiple developmental processes, including development of wings, veins, legs, eyes and bristles (PubMed:17084358, PubMed:23178945). Restricts the activity of Notch to the dorsoventral (D/V) boundary of the wing imaginal disk (PubMed:12648493, PubMed:17088062, PubMed:28564595). In external sensory organ development regulates Notch signaling during asymmetric cell division and differentiation of sensory organ precursor cells (PubMed:17084357). May be involved in regulation of apoptosis and cell growth independent of Notch signaling (PubMed:17084358). Involved in targeting tkv for endosomal degradation, negatively regulating the BMP/decapentaplegic (dpp) signaling pathway (PubMed:25804739). Regulates the BMP/dpp signaling pathway in follicle cells during oogenesis, but not in imaginal disk cells during wing development (PubMed:25804739). May be involved in differentiation or morphogenesis of peripodial epithelial cells in the developing imaginal disk (PubMed:23178945). Involved in abscission of germline cells during oogenesis (PubMed:25647097).
(UniProt, Q9VKJ9)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(2)gd1: lethal (2) giant discs
Pupariation delayed, up to nine days in crowded cultures; pupariation is but one day in uncrowded cultures. Discs continue to grow, becoming very large with long delays. Mutant discs transplanted into normal larval hosts metamorphose; cuticular patterns normal but bristles and to a greater degree sensillae and bracts missing; unguis missing from tarsal claws; tarsi two jointed. Mutant discs yield low incidence of trans-determination.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\l(2)gd1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VKJ9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
l(2)gd1-RA
FBtr0080197
NM_135644
2989
816
l(2)gd1-RB
FBtr0306138
NM_001259047
3043
834
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
l(2)gd1-PA
FBpp0079786
89.0
816
5.01
Q9VKJ9
NP_609488
AAF53069
l(2)gd1-PB
FBpp0297275
91.0
834
5.11
M9NEZ0
NP_001245976
AFH03650
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via DM14 domains 1 and 3) with shrb; the interaction is direct and blocks access to the surface involved in shrb polymerization (PubMed:22389409, PubMed:27452459, PubMed:28564595). This interaction may be required for the ESCRT-III complex role in multivesicular body formation (PubMed:22389409).

(UniProt, Q9VKJ9)
Domain

The C2 domain mediates interaction with monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols PtdIns[3]P, PtdIns[4]P and PtdIns[5]P, and is required for membrane interaction (PubMed:17084357). C2 domains can mediate membrane interactions in a Ca(2+)-dependent or -independent manner; the l(2)gd1 C2 domain lacks three out of five asparagines that are crucial for Ca(2+) binding (Probable). The C2 domain is required for protein stability and cytoplasmic localization, and is essential for l(2)gd1 function (PubMed:22389409).

Contains 4 tandem repeats of the DM14 domain that mediate interaction with the ESCRT-III complex component shrb (PubMed:22389409, PubMed:28564595). The 4 DM14 domains show functional redundancy, particularly domains 1 and 3, however domain 3 is necessary and sufficient for l(2)gd1 function (PubMed:22389409, PubMed:28564595). DM14 domain 3 forms an alpha-helical hairpin loop with a positively charged surface patch that binds a negatively charged surface patch on shrb (PubMed:28564595).

(UniProt, Q9VKJ9)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\l(2)gd1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.16

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Childress et al., 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
located_in endosome membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Baeumers et al., 2020)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\l(2)gd1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 51 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of l(2)gd1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of l(2)gd1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | somatic clone
lethal
lethal (with Df(2L)Exel6027)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(2L)FCK-20)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell cycle | somatic clone
abnormal cytokinesis | germline clone
decreased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone
hyperplasia
hyperplasia | recessive
increased cell death | somatic clone
increased size
neoplasia | somatic clone
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pharate adult stage
some die during pharate adult stage (with Df(2L)FCK-20)
some die during pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
some die during pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
some die during pharate adult stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
visible, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
visible | recessive
visible | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
antenna | pharate adult stage
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing blade
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
dorsal appendage
dorsal appendage | germline clone
dorsal organ
early endosome, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
early endosome | somatic clone
egg
egg chamber | germline clone
endosome | somatic clone
external sensory organ
external sensory organ, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
external sensory organ, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
external sensory organ | somatic clone
external sensory organ precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
external sensory organ precursor cell | somatic clone
eye-antennal disc
female germline cell | germline clone
female germline stem cell | germline clone
follicle cell | somatic clone
genital disc
haltere disc
head
head | somatic clone
imaginal disc
imaginal ring
Keilin organ
labial disc
larval brain
larval head
late endosome
late endosome, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4, l(2)gd1d7
late endosome, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4, l(2)gd1NIG.4713R
late endosome, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
late endosome | somatic clone
leg | pharate adult stage
leg disc
leg joint | ectopic | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
leg joint | ectopic | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
macrochaeta
macrochaeta | increased number, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
macrochaeta | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
macrochaeta | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
mesonotum | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
mesonotum | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
mesonotum | somatic clone
mesothoracic tarsal segment | pharate adult stage
metathoracic leg disc
metathoracic tarsal segment | pharate adult stage
microchaeta | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
microchaeta | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
peripodial epithelium | posterior, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4, l(2)gd1d7
peripodial epithelium | posterior, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4, l(2)gd1NIG.4713R
postorbital bristle | somatic clone
prothoracic tarsal segment | pharate adult stage
salivary gland imaginal ring
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
sensory mother cell | somatic clone
stalk follicle cell | somatic clone
tarsal segment | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
tarsal segment | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
terminal organ
tormogen cell
tormogen cell | pharate adult stage | increased number (with l(2)gd1d7)
tormogen cell | pharate adult stage | increased number (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
ventral denticle belt | ventral
wing | pharate adult stage
wing disc
wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4, l(2)gd1d7
wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4, l(2)gd1NIG.4713R
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
wing vein | somatic clone
wing vein L2 | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
wing vein L2 | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
wing vein L4 | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
wing vein L4 | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
wing vein L5 | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1d7)
wing vein L5 | pharate adult stage (with l(2)gd1SH0495)
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\CC2D1A
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
8  
Hsap\CC2D1B
13 of 14
No
Yes
 
12  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Cc2d1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Cc2d1b
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Cc2d1a
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Mmus\Cc2d1b
12 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\cc2d1a
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\cc2d1b
10 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\slc41a1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\cc2d1a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cc2d1b
12 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\ccct-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010539
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT1G61690
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:l(2)gd1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
l(2)gd1JF02619
model of  syndromic intellectual disability
CEA
(Kim et al., 2024)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
CC2D1A; coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A
14 of 14
COILED-COIL AND C2 DOMAINS-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1A; CC2D1A
 
CC2D1B; coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1B
13 of 14
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Dmel gene
      Ortholog showing functional complementation
      Supporting References
      l(2)gd1
      Hsap\CC2D1B
      (Baeumers et al., 2022)
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      aph-1
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      car
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1|ft
      suppressible
      dpp
      (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997)
      l(2)gd1
      enhanceable
      ft
      (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      Hrs
      (Schneider et al., 2013, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      N
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1
      enhanceable
      N
      (Schneider et al., 2013, Klein, 2003)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      Psn
      (Jaekel and Klein, 2006, Klein, 2003)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      Rab7
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      T48
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      tkv
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      vg
      (Agrawal et al., 1995)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      Vha68-1
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      l(2)gd1
      suppressible
      Vps39
      (Schneider et al., 2013)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      gcm
      suppressible
      l(2)gd1
      (Popkova et al., 2012)
      N
      enhanceable
      l(2)gd1
      (Klein, 2003)
      obk
      suppressible
      l(2)gd1
      (Atallah et al., 2004)
      Ser
      suppressible
      l(2)gd1
      (Klein, 2003)
      shrb
      suppressible
      l(2)gd1
      (Matias et al., 2015)
      shrb
      enhanceable
      l(2)gd1
      (Matias et al., 2015)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Interacts (via DM14 domains 1 and 3) with shrb; the interaction is direct and blocks access to the surface involved in shrb polymerization (PubMed:22389409, PubMed:27452459, PubMed:28564595). This interaction may be required for the ESCRT-III complex role in multivesicular body formation (PubMed:22389409).
      (UniProt, Q9VKJ9 )
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2L
      Recombination map
      2-44
      Cytogenetic map
      32D3-32D4
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      32D3-32D4
      Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0157097) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0157097)
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      32D3-32D4
      (Oh et al., 2003)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-44

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-37.7

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      2-42.7 +/- 0.5

      (Bryant and Schubiger, 1971)

      2-[41]

      Left of (cM)
      (Bryant and Schubiger, 1971)
      Right of (cM)
      (Bryant and Schubiger, 1971)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (13)
      Genomic Clones (23)
      cDNA Clones (98)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Troost et al., 2012, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

            (Childress et al., 2006)

            The l(2)gd1 product regulates N signaling in a manner that is independent of the N ligands, Dl and Ser. The genetic interaction between l(2)gd1 and Hrs, and the accumulation of N protein in subcellular puncta suggests that l(2)gd1 has a role in N protein trafficking.

            (Childress et al., 2006)

            l(2)gd1 is required to restrict N activity to the dorsal ventral boundary during wing development.

            (Klein, 2003)

            l(2)gd1 has a role in wing vein, eye and bristle formation.

            (Klein, 2003)

            1 allele of l(2)SH0495 recovered in a P-insertion screen.

            (Oh et al., 2003)

            Tumor suppressor genes act in combination to control cell proliferation. Tissue hyperplasia can be associated with ectopic expression of genes involved in pattern formation. The enhancement of leg disc duplication in l(2)gd1 mutants by ft is mediated by dpp.

            (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997)

            The third leg disc duplication depends on the expression of wg and dpp.

            (Buratovich and Bryant, 1995)

            Mutants display hyperplastic phenotype, with imaginal disc overgrowth.

            (Mechler, 1994)

            Endocrine mechanisms responsible for the prolongation of larval life in l(2)gd1 mutants were investigated: results suggest that delayed pupariation is caused by the overgrown imaginal discs inhibiting the production or release of ecdysteroids from the endocrine system.

            (Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

            Mutants at l(2)gd1 exhibit hyperplastic overgrowth.

            (Jursnich et al., 1990)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: l(2)gd1 CG4713

            (Childress et al., 2006)

            Source for merge of: l(2)gd1 l(2)SH0495

            (Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG4713
            (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Kondo et al., 2017, Nguyen et al., 2016, Childress et al., 2006, Childress et al., 2006, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006, Kim et al., 2005)
            Lgd
            (Ecovoiu et al., 2022, Hounjet and Vooijs, 2021, McMillan et al., 2017)
            SH495
            (Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
            gd
            (Szabad, 1998, Mechler, 1994)
            l(2)SH0495
            l(2)SH2 0495
            (Oh et al., 2002.3.22)
            l(2)gd
            (Dubatolova et al., 2010, Dubatolova et al., 2010, Jaiswal et al., 2005, Atallah et al., 2004, Hernandez et al., 2004, Nedelcheva et al., 2001, Santaren et al., 1998, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1995, Mukherjee et al., 1995, Gateff, 1994, Malva et al., 1994, Mechler, 1994, Gigliotti et al., 1993, Gateff and Mechler, 1989, Schmidt, 1989, Bryant and Levinson, 1985, Salas and Lengyel, 1984, Gateff, 1978, Bryant, 1969)
            l(2)gd1
            (Collins et al., 2024, Kim et al., 2024, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Robinson et al., 2020, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Lee et al., 2018, Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Sarov et al., 2016, Taylor et al., 2014, Kemp et al., 2013, Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Saj et al., 2010, Coumailleau et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.8.10)
            l(2)giant disc
            (Potter et al., 2000)
            l2gd
            (Ryerse and Nagel, 1984)
            lgd
            (Hermant et al., 2024, Baeumers et al., 2022, Reiff et al., 2021, Baeumers et al., 2020, Bäumers et al., 2019, Alfred and Vaccari, 2018, Drusenheimer et al., 2015, Matias et al., 2015, Palmer and Deng, 2015, Palmer et al., 2015, Couturier et al., 2014, Schneider et al., 2013, Carney et al., 2012, Troost et al., 2012, Coumailleau et al., 2009, Bowman et al., 2008, Childress et al., 2007, Tyler et al., 2007, Childress et al., 2006, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006, Agrawal et al., 1995, Watson et al., 1994, Sehnal and Bryant, 1993, Skaer, 1993, Szabad et al., 1991, Bryant and Schmidt, 1990, Jursnich et al., 1990)
            lgd1
            (Breuer et al., 2024)
            Name Synonyms
            CG4713
            Leathal giant disc
            (Palmer et al., 2015)
            Lethal (2) giant discs
            (Drusenheimer et al., 2015)
            lethal (2) SH0495
            lethal (2) giant discs
            (Alfred and Vaccari, 2018, Kondo et al., 2017, Saini and Reichert, 2012, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006)
            lethal (2) giant discs 1
            lethal giant discs
            (Coumailleau et al., 2009, Childress et al., 2007, Childress et al., 2006)
            lethal(2) giant discs
            (Palmer and Deng, 2015)
            lethal(2)giant discs 1
            (Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0250747
            • FBgn0002119
            • FBgn0032342
            • FBgn0065753
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            References (112)