FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\CkIIα
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\CkIIα
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
casein kinase IIα
Annotation Symbol
CG17520
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0264492
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
Gene Summary
Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling. (UniProt, P08181)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

CK2, CK2α, CKII, Tik, casein kinase 2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:23097072..23103460
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (22 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000621946
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045216
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in chaeta development
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in circadian rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in lateral inhibition
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in mitotic cell cycle
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:orb; FB:FBgn0004882
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000621946
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000621946
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000621946
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000621946
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000621946
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily. (P08181)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED CMGC KINASES -
This group comprises CMGC kinases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Pathway (FlyBase)
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling.
(UniProt, P08181)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
CkII α: Casein kinase II, α subunit
The structural gene for the catalytic subunit of casein kinase II (CKII). CKII is a cyclic-nucleotide-independent, Ca2+ and calmodulin-insensitive protein kinase. It phosphorylates serine and threonine residues of a broad range of nuclear and non-nuclear proteins with functions in development, cell division, and oncogenesis. It exists as a 130,000 molecular weight α2β2 tetramer. Purification of the Drosophila enzyme described by Glover, Shelton, and Brutlag (1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 3258-65).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

CkII catalytic and regulatory subunits - modulates Antennapedia's properties, restricting its activity to an appropriate level - a regulator of the active zone protein Bruchpilot - stabilizes Clock and represses its activity in circadian oscillator - promotes Hedgehog signaling by regulating both smoothened and Cubitus interrupt Myc and Casein kinase 2 target mushroom body miniature, which is required for ribosome biogenesis and cell growth of central brain neuroblasts

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\CkIIα for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P08181)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0070042
1536
336
FBtr0070043
1561
336
FBtr0070044
1423
336
FBtr0111141
1581
336
FBtr0344974
2053
336
FBtr0345138
1481
336
FBtr0345139
1429
336
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.467 (longest cDNA)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0070041
40.0
336
7.26
FBpp0070042
40.0
336
7.26
FBpp0070043
40.0
336
7.26
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

336 (aa); 39.833 (kD predicted)

36.7 (kD observed)

Comments

Purified CkII protein kinases were able to phosphorylate acid-soluble proteins from Drosophila Kc cells.

External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.

(UniProt, P08181)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\CkIIα using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.57

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

CkIIα is expressed in Pdf- and Clk-positive s-LNv neurons in adults.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\CkIIα in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 27 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of CkIIα
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of CkIIα
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Lethality
    Allele
    Sterility
    Allele
    Other Phenotypes
    Allele
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (17)
    13 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    4  
    11 of 14
    No
    Yes
    8 of 14
    No
    Yes
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)
    13 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    8 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)
    12 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    8 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
    10 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    2 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (15)
    12 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    12 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    12 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    8 of 14
    No
    Yes
    7 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
    13 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
    11 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (23)
    12 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    11 of 13
    No
    Yes
    11 of 13
    No
    Yes
    11 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (8)
    10 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    9 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (6)
    11 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    1 of 12
    No
    No
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:CkIIα. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers

      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers

      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
      (UniProt, P08181 )
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3L
      Recombination map
      3-47
      Cytogenetic map
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      80D1-80D1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j1B10j1B10 and P{lacW}l(3)j2C4j2C4
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      80A-80A
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (21)
      Genomic Clones (11)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (118)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, an increase in the proportion of G2/M phase cells, a whole range of mitotic abnormalities, centrosome abnormalities and lagging chromatids are seen.

          CkIIα may regulate eye morphogenesis via phosphorylation of E(spl).

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          A dominant mutant, which has a long period phenotype as a heterozygote. Homozygotes die during the third larval instar stage. The recessive lethal is not separable from the circadian phenotype, suggesting a vital role for the CkIIα gene.

          Identification: screen for circadian locomotor behavior mutants.

          In vivo activity of Antp is modified by CkIIα-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Antp by CkIIα is important for preventing inappropriate activities of this homeotic protein during embryogenesis.

          Casein kinase II specifically phosphorylates a set of serine residues within the cact PEST domain.

          Casein kinase II phosphorylates Ser468 (a residue in the PEST domain) of cact in vitro.

          Casein kinase II (encoded by CkIIα and CkIIβ) phosphorylates dsh in vitro. This phosphorylation is regulated by fz2, implicating a role for Casein kinase II in wg signalling.

          Recombinant CkII in vitro binds to spermine and this interaction is concomitant with a striking effect on the structural polymeric organisation on the kinase which in the presence of the polyamine exhibits a ring-like structure.

          Casein kinase II reconstituted from heterologous subunits displays properties similar to those of the homologous protein.

          CkIIβ is primarily an inhibitor of the catalytic activity of CkIIα in the absence of salt.

          Casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of Top2 stimulates its activity by enhancing the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyse its high energy ATP cofactor.

          S.cerevisiae Scer\cka1 Scer\cka2 double mutants are functionally complemented by CkIIα.

          Isolation and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding both subunits of casein kinase II.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CkIIα Tik

          Source for merge of: CkIIα anon-WO02059370.53

          Source for merge of: CkIIα l(3)S095808

          Additional comments

          Complementation tests and recombinational mapping suggest the CkIIα mutant maps to a novel circadian rhythm gene.

          Source for merge of CkIIα anon-WO02059370.53 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

          Drosophila Casein kinase II α and β subunits can rescue the lethality of S.cerevisiae deleted for both genes.

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (54)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CK2 alpha
          Cask-II-a
          anon-WO02059370.53
          dCKII alpha
          l(3)S095808
          Name Synonyms
          Casein kinase II alpha subunit
          Casein kinase II α subunit
          Casein kinase II-α subunit
          NAP1-kinase
          casein kinase II
          casein kinase II alpha
          casein kinase II α
          casein kinase IIα
          lethal (3) S095808
          protein kinase CK2
          α subunit of Drosophila casein kinase II
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0000258
          • FBgn0062248
          • FBgn0066006
          • FBgn0060573
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 70 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (241)