FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\chico
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\chico
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
chico
Annotation Symbol
CG5686
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0024248
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
15 publicly available
Gene Summary
chico (chico) encodes a substrate of the product of InR. As a key component of the Insulin pathway, the chico product plays an essential role in the control of cell size and growth. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

IRS, dIRS, fs(2)4, flipper

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
31B1-31B1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-40
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:10242512..10247078
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (39 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables insulin receptor binding
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:InR; FB:FBgn0283499
(Bohni et al., 1999)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P09208
(Marin-Hincapie and Garofalo, 1999)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables insulin receptor binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039011
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35568
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35568
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35570
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables SH2 domain binding
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35570
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000064809
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (28 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (26 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cellular response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chatterjee et al., 2014)
involved_in determination of adult lifespan
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Slack et al., 2015, Libert et al., 2008, Clancy et al., 2001)
involved_in germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2009)
involved_in glucose homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ugrankar et al., 2015)
involved_in growth of a germarium-derived egg chamber
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Drummond-Barbosa and Spradling, 2001)
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsao et al., 2023, Slack et al., 2015, Clemens et al., 2000, Gao et al., 2000)
inferred from direct assay
(Almudi et al., 2013, Radimerski et al., 2002)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P09208
(Marin-Hincapie and Garofalo, 1999)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pi3K92E; FB:FBgn0015279
(Bohni et al., 1999)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:InR; FB:FBgn0283499
(Bohni et al., 1999)
involved_in lipid homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
involved_in long-term synaptic potentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Naganos et al., 2016)
involved_in male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ueishi et al., 2009)
involved_in multicellular organism growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schiesari et al., 2016)
involved_in negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2011)
involved_in olfactory learning
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Naganos et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of border follicle cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sharma et al., 2018)
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bohni et al., 1999)
involved_in positive regulation of cell size
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bohni et al., 1999)
involved_in positive regulation of growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Slack et al., 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Libert et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Parrish et al., 2009, Oldham et al., 2002)
involved_in positive regulation of organ growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shingleton et al., 2005)
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Clemens et al., 2000)
inferred from direct assay
(Almudi et al., 2013)
involved_in primary spermatocyte growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ueishi et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of tube length, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Beitel and Krasnow, 2000)
involved_in response to anoxia
inferred from direct assay
(Vigne et al., 2009)
involved_in response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Oldham et al., 2002)
involved_in vitellogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Drummond-Barbosa and Spradling, 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Richard et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000064809
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039011
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000064809
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35568
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000064809
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Almudi et al., 2013)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Almudi et al., 2013)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35569
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000064809
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35569
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
located_in nucleus
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P35569
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000064809
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
chico (chico) encodes a substrate of the product of InR. As a key component of the Insulin pathway, the chico product plays an essential role in the control of cell size and growth. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]
Pathway (FlyBase)
INSULIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY CORE COMPONENTS -
The Insulin-like Receptor (IR) signaling pathway in Drosophila is initiated by the binding of an insulin-like peptides to the Insulin-like receptor (InR). (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity). May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin-like peptides. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains. Involved in control of cell proliferation, cell size, and body and organ growth throughout development. Also has a role in a signaling pathway controlling the physiological response required to endure periods of low nutrient conditions. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has a role in regulating aging and is necessary in the ovary for vitellogenic maturation.
(UniProt, Q9XTN2)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

insulin receptor substrate family - the major cytoplasmic substrate of the insulin receptor - longevity conferred by reduced Insulin receptor substrate Chico partially requires d4eBP.

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\chico for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9XTN2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
chico-RA
FBtr0080088
NM_164899
3229
968
chico-RB
FBtr0303904
NM_001201843
3104
968
chico-RC
FBtr0333412
NM_001273387
3578
968
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.197 (longest cDNA)

(Kulansky Poltilove et al., 2000)

3.6 (sequence analysis)

(Bohni et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
chico-PA
FBpp0079677
107.8
968
7.71
Q9XTN2
NP_723540
AAF52882
chico-PB
FBpp0292907
107.8
968
7.71
Q9XTN2
NP_001188772
ADV37022
chico-PC
FBpp0305604
107.8
968
7.71
Q9XTN2
NP_001260316
AGB92851
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

968 aa isoforms: chico-PA, chico-PB, chico-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

968 (aa); 144 (kD observed); 108 (kD predicted)

(Kulansky Poltilove et al., 2000)

968 (aa); 97 (kD predicted)

(Bohni et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Bindings to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and SHP2.

(UniProt, Q9XTN2)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\chico using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-2.17

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain | restricted
(Naganos et al., 2012)
Kenyon cell
(Naganos et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain | restricted
(Naganos et al., 2012)
Kenyon cell
(Naganos et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Almudi et al., 2013)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Almudi et al., 2013)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\chico in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of chico
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of chico
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 16 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die (with chico1)
partially lethal - majority die (with chicoflp147E)
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
partially lethal - majority live | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
female sterile | recessive
male semi-sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate | recessive
abnormal learning (with chico1)
abnormal learning (with chicoflp147E)
abnormal learning | adult stage
abnormal learning | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone
abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | recessive
abnormal size
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
abnormal size | larval stage
abnormal starvation stress response
abnormal stress response
decreased body size
decreased body size (with chico1)
decreased body size (with chicoflp147E)
decreased body size | adult stage
decreased body size | adult stage | recessive
decreased body size | recessive
decreased body size | somatic clone
decreased cell number
decreased cell number (with chico1)
decreased cell number (with chicoflp147E)
decreased cell size
decreased cell size (with chico1)
decreased cell size (with chicoflp147E)
decreased fecundity | female
decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage
decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4bun-GSG5961
decreased occurrence of cell division | oogenesis
decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
decreased size | spermatogenesis (with Df(2L)J1)
increased cell size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
long lived
long lived | dominant
long lived | dominant | female limited
long lived | female | recessive
long lived | nutrition conditional
radiation sensitive | recessive
short lived | male | recessive
short lived | nutrition conditional
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with chico1)
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with chicoKG00032)
visible
visible (with chico1)
visible (with chicoflp147E)
visible | adult stage | recessive
visible | recessive
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult (with chico1)
adult (with chicoflp147E)
adult brain
adult brain, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
adult gut
adult head capsule | somatic clone
adult heart
adult hemolymph, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
adult hemolymph, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
adult hemolymph, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
adult hemolymph, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
adult hemolymph, with Scer\GAL4nSyb.PS
adult mushroom body
dendrite | adult stage | somatic clone
distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8a | adult stage | somatic clone
egg chamber
ellipsoid body
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk
embryonic/larval tracheal transverse connective
epandrium | male | somatic clone
eye
eye (with chico1)
eye (with chicoflp147E)
eye | cell autonomous | somatic clone
eye | somatic clone
fat cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4AB1
follicle cell
Kenyon cell
larva
larval salivary gland & nucleus
male germline stem cell (with Df(2L)J1)
maxillary palp | male | somatic clone
mechanosensory neuron of posterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
mitochondrion (with chico1)
mitochondrion (with chicoKG00032)
neuron projection | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
nurse cell
ommatidium
ommatidium (with chico1)
ommatidium (with chicoflp147E)
ovary
ovary (with chico1)
ovary (with chicoflp147E)
polar primary spermatocyte (with Df(2L)J1)
primary spermatocyte (with Df(2L)J1)
spermatocyte (with Df(2L)J1)
synapse
synapse | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing
wing (with chico1)
wing (with chicoflp147E)
wing disc
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\IRS1
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\IRS2
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\IRS4
6 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\DOK4
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Irs1
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Irs2
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Irs3
7 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Dok4
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Mmus\Irs1
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Irs2
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Irs3
7 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Irs4
6 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Dok4
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\irs1
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\irs2
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\irs4
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\LOC100498409
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\atxn2l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hoxd10
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)
Drer\irs2a
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\irs1
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\irs4a
9 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\irs2b
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch73-335l21.1
8 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-284e13.4
8 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\ist-1
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008859
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:chico. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1
9 of 14
147545
IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2
9 of 14
600797
IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4
6 of 14
300904
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
chico - 14-3-3ε
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Breitkopf et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011, Pflieger et al., 2008)
chico - 14-3-3ζ
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Breitkopf et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011, Pflieger et al., 2008)
chico - CG7668
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - Flo1
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - Flo2
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - Hsc70-3
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - InR
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting, two hybrid, fluorescent resonance energy transfer
(Breitkopf et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Almudi et al., 2013, Friedman et al., 2011, Glatter et al., 2011, Pflieger et al., 2008, Kulansky Poltilove et al., 2000)
chico - Ist1
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - Lnk
fluorescent resonance energy transfer, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Almudi et al., 2013, Song et al., 2010)
chico - Pgam5
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
(Glatter et al., 2011)
chico - Pi3K21B
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Breitkopf et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011)
chico - Pi3K92E
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting
(Breitkopf et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - Pp2A-29B
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RanBPM
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpL14
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpL17
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpL18
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpL30
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpL4
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpL7A
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpS15Aa
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - RpS26
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
chico - Vps4
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - Vps60
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - cmb
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - dos
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - mib2
experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
(Glatter et al., 2011, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
chico - tws
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
(Vinayagam et al., 2016)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
chico
suppressible
Adcy1
(Naganos et al., 2016)
chico
suppressible
Atg5
(Bjedov et al., 2020)
chico
suppressible
B4
(Wittwer et al., 2005)
chico
suppressible
foxo
(Junger et al., 2003)
chico
enhanceable
foxo
(Junger et al., 2003)
chico
enhanceable
InR
(Bohni et al., 1999)
chico
suppressible
mir-278
(Teleman and Cohen, 2006)
chico
enhanceable
Pi3K92E
(Bohni et al., 1999)
chico
enhanceable
PIP4K
(Sharma et al., 2019)
chico
suppressible
PRAS40
(Pallares-Cartes et al., 2012)
chico
suppressible
Ras85D
(Slack et al., 2015)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Cul1
suppressible
chico
(Lee et al., 2024)
Pi3K92E
enhanceable
chico
(Coelho et al., 2005)
Pink1
suppressible
chico
(Imai et al., 2010)
Pten
enhanceable
chico
(Huang et al., 1999)
Pten
suppressible
chico
(Huang et al., 1999)
sl
suppressible
chico
(Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
Uch
suppressible
chico
(Lee et al., 2024)
wake
suppressible
chico
(Chen et al., 2022)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Bindings to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and SHP2.
(UniProt, Q9XTN2 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2L
Recombination map
2-40
Cytogenetic map
31B1-31B1
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
31B1-31B1
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}me31Bk06607 and P{PZ}nmd08774
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
31B-31C
(Poltilove, 1998.9.14)
32B-32B
(Boehni, 1999.5.27)
31B-31B
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Riesgo-Escovar, 1998.3.10)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

2-40

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-34.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (15)
Genomic Clones (17)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (49)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Naganos et al., 2012, Kulansky Poltilove et al., 2000)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        chico plays an important role in spermatogenesis, by stimulating germline stem cell proliferation and spermatocyte growth.

        (Ueishi et al., 2009)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene, when combined with Rheb, raptor, S6k, Pk61C, or Pten dsRNA, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt1 in S2 cells.

        (Yang et al., 2006)

        Removal of foxo accelerates the cell cycle at the expense of cell size in a chico background.

        (Junger et al., 2003)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        (Kiger et al., 2003)

        chico function is needed for vitellogenesis and to accelerate the rate of follicle cell proliferation within the entire lineage, in response to rich food.

        (Drummond-Barbosa and Spradling, 2001)

        Animals mutant for chico are less than half the size of wild-type flies owing to fewer and smaller cells.

        (Bohni et al., 1999)

        Plays an essential role in the control of cell size and growth.

        (Bohni et al., 1999)

        An insulin receptor substrate.

        (Leevers et al., 1998)

        Heteroallelic InR mutants and chico mutants exhibit impaired imaginal disc growth, resulting in the generation of small flies.

        (Leevers et al., 1998)

        Null alleles of chico are semi-viable, but the flies develop slower than sibling controls and have a reduced body size. chico mutant cells differentiate normally but are significantly reduced in size.

        (Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1998)

        chico is required cell-autonomously in wing and eye imaginal discs. chico interacts strongly with mutations in InR and also with lines overexpressing dominant negative Pi3K92E, thus implying that chico functions in the insulin pathway for cell growth.

        (Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1998)

        Designation as "flipper" was a symbol misassignment.

        (Berg and Spradling, 1991, de Valoir et al., 1991)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: chico anon-WO0078940.1

        (FlyBase, 1996-)

        Source for merge of: chico anon-WO0078940.4

        (FlyBase, 1996-)

        Source for merge of: chico BcDNA:GH11263

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Additional comments

        Source for merge of chico anon-WO0078940.1 was sequence comparison ( date:030908 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)

        Source for merge of chico anon-WO0078940.4 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)

        Source for merge of chico BcDNA:GH11263 was sequence comparison ( date:991108 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: chico fs(2)4

        (Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1996)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        chico means small boy in Spanish.

        (Bohni et al., 1999)
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        BcDNA.GH11263
        (Rubin, 1999.8.27)
        BcDNA:GH11263
        CG5686
        (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Lu et al., 2016, Glatter et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Zheng et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Bell et al., 2007, Wirbelauer et al., 2005)
        CHICO
        (Dabrowska et al., 2022, Noguchi et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Gruntenko and Rauschenbach, 2018, Mathew et al., 2017, Altintas et al., 2016, Wu and Storey, 2016, Kannan and Fridell, 2013, Sim and Denlinger, 2013, Papatheodorou et al., 2012, Schiesari et al., 2011, Towers and Sattelle, 2002)
        Chico
        (Chen et al., 2024, Jang et al., 2024, Ko et al., 2023, Haugen et al., 2022, Nässel and Zandawala, 2022, Chatterjee and Perrimon, 2021, Heier et al., 2021, Kannangara et al., 2021, Moraes and Montagne, 2021, Wu et al., 2021, Lee et al., 2020, Luo et al., 2020, Nakamura et al., 2020, Chatterjee et al., 2019, Galenza and Foley, 2019, Ahmad et al., 2018, Inoue et al., 2018, Merigliano et al., 2018, Staats et al., 2018, Ugrankar et al., 2018, Das and Arur, 2017, Murillo-Maldonado and Riesgo-Escovar, 2017, Alfa and Kim, 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Das and Dobens, 2015, Nässel et al., 2015, Sopko et al., 2015, Li et al., 2014, Koyama et al., 2013, Shim et al., 2013, Eleftherianos and Castillo, 2012, Kapuria et al., 2012, Yang and Xu, 2011, Song et al., 2010, Pflieger et al., 2008, Ahrens et al., 2007, Hoshizaki and Gibbs, 2007, Lasko and Sonenberg, 2007, Tountas and Fortini, 2007)
        Chico/IRS
        (Merigliano et al., 2018)
        IRS
        (Saka et al., 2023, Merigliano et al., 2018, Song et al., 2017, Kaynar et al., 2016, Demontis et al., 2013, Oldham, 2011, Bjedov et al., 2010, Sims et al., 2009, Poltilove, 1998.9.14)
        IRS/chico
        (Friedman and Perrimon, 2006)
        anon-WO0078940.1
        anon-WO0078940.4
        chic
        chico
        (Dash and Mishra, 2025, Gautam et al., 2025, Simmons et al., 2025, Meyer et al., 2024, Yu et al., 2024, Gui et al., 2023, Jafari et al., 2023, Kim et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Li et al., 2023, Nieken et al., 2023, Sanz et al., 2023, Chang et al., 2022, Charroux and Royet, 2022, Chen et al., 2022, Congleton et al., 2022, Enomoto and Igaki, 2022, Miao et al., 2022, Nakai et al., 2022, Tafesh-Edwards et al., 2022, Azuma et al., 2021, Biglou et al., 2021, Bonfini et al., 2021, Evans et al., 2021, Fabian et al., 2021, Kim and O'Connor, 2021, Lee et al., 2021, Marr and Potter, 2021, Millington et al., 2021, Morata, 2021, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Bjedov et al., 2020, Eschment et al., 2020, Miller et al., 2020, Parniewska and Stocker, 2020, Pegoraro et al., 2020, Sanaki et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Banerjee et al., 2019, Birnbaum et al., 2019, Bradshaw, 2019, Chatterjee et al., 2019, Drummond-Barbosa, 2019, Evangelakou et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2019, Huang et al., 2019, Krittika and Yadav, 2019, Kumar Chaudhary and Rizvi, 2019, Lenaerts et al., 2019, Mirzoyan et al., 2019, Rosen et al., 2019, Álvarez-Rendón et al., 2018, Chiku et al., 2018, Funakoshi et al., 2018, Ghiglione et al., 2018, Henstridge et al., 2018, Im et al., 2018, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2018, Sharma et al., 2018, Banerjee et al., 2017, Bolukbasi et al., 2017, Park et al., 2017, Stefana et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Yun et al., 2017, Zhu et al., 2017, Afschar et al., 2016, Breitkopf et al., 2016, Constantinou et al., 2016, Dobson et al., 2016, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2016, Lu et al., 2016, Mahoney et al., 2016, Maistrenko et al., 2016, Naganos et al., 2016, Ratliff et al., 2016, Sanchez et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Schiesari et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Woods et al., 2016, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Briga and Verhulst, 2015, Chambers et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2015, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Ismail et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2015, Mensah et al., 2015, Serbus et al., 2015, Slack et al., 2015, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Charroux and Royet, 2014, Chatterjee et al., 2014, Knight et al., 2014, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Radermacher et al., 2014, Schriner et al., 2014, Almudi et al., 2013, Bai et al., 2013, Banerjee et al., 2013, Demontis et al., 2013, Esslinger et al., 2013, Gems and Partridge, 2013, Hirabayashi et al., 2013, Hirano et al., 2013, Jagut et al., 2013, Na et al., 2013, Rera et al., 2013, Sopko and Perrimon, 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012, Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2012, Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Iliadi et al., 2012, Kapuria et al., 2012, Kuo et al., 2012, Naganos et al., 2012, Pallares-Cartes et al., 2012, Papatheodorou et al., 2012, Pritchett and McCall, 2012, Tokusumi et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Albrecht et al., 2011, Alic et al., 2011, Bartlett et al., 2011, Boyd et al., 2011, Flatt, 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Glatter et al., 2011, Jones and Grotewiel, 2011, Karpac et al., 2011, Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, Partridge et al., 2011, Schachter and Boulianne, 2011, Slack et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2011, Tatar, 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Yamamoto and Tatar, 2011, Zheng et al., 2011, Bauer et al., 2010, Becker et al., 2010, Biteau et al., 2010, Bjedov et al., 2010, Imai et al., 2010, Kockel et al., 2010, Kühnlein, 2010, Paaby et al., 2010, Przybylski et al., 2010, Righi et al., 2010, Slack et al., 2010, Tiefenböck et al., 2010, Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2009, Hull-Thompson et al., 2009, Nuzhdin et al., 2009, Parrish et al., 2009, Ueishi et al., 2009, Vigne et al., 2009, Werz et al., 2009, Honegger et al., 2008, Hsu et al., 2008, LaFever et al., 2008, Libert et al., 2008, Paaby et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Giannakou et al., 2007, Libert, 2007, Libert et al., 2007, Luo et al., 2007, Parisi et al., 2007, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Wagaman and Rand, 2007, Christensen and Cook, 2006.8.30, Edgar, 2006, Jaklevic et al., 2006, Martin-Pena et al., 2006, Wu and Brown, 2006, Yang et al., 2006, Corl et al., 2005, Flatt et al., 2005, Richard et al., 2005, Shingleton et al., 2005, Wittwer et al., 2005, Tu and Tatar, 2003, Tu et al., 2002)
        dIRS
        (Sanchez et al., 2016, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Jacinto and Hall, 2003, Kulansky Poltilove et al., 2000)
        dIRS1
        (Lee et al., 2024)
        fs(2)4
        (Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1996, Clegg et al., 1993)
        fs(2)ry4
        Name Synonyms
        Chico
        (Wippich et al., 2023, Liguori et al., 2021, Sharma et al., 2019)
        Insulin Receptor Substrate
        (Demontis et al., 2013)
        Insulin receptor substrate
        (Demontis and Perrimon, 2009)
        chico
        (Barbaste et al., 2023, Ma et al., 2020, Afschar et al., 2016, Serbus et al., 2015, Neckameyer and Argue, 2013, Becker et al., 2010, Amcheslavsky et al., 2009, Demontis and Perrimon, 2009, Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2009, Parrish et al., 2009, Wong et al., 2009, Dutta and Baehrecke, 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Giannakou et al., 2007, Corl et al., 2005, Richard et al., 2005, Tu et al., 2002)
        flipper
        (Berg and Spradling, 1991, de Valoir et al., 1991)
        insulin receptor substrate
        (Sims et al., 2009)
        insulin-like receptor substrate
        (Boyd et al., 2011)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0013449
        • FBgn0014169
        • FBgn0028483
        • FBgn0043507
        • FBgn0043508
        Datasets (1)
        Study focus (1)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        • bait_protein
        PPI_InR-Tor_interaction_map
        Interaction map generated by purification of insulin pathway factors, with identification of copurifying proteins by mass spectrometry.
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 69 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        References (452)