FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\dpn
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dpn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
deadpan
Annotation Symbol
CG8704
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010109
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
23 publicly available
Gene Summary
Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription (PubMed:1427077, PubMed:24618901, PubMed:28899667). In the larval brain, required to maintain the self-renewal and identity of type II neuroblasts by regulating the expression of the transcriptional repressor erm together with other self-renewal transcriptional repressors such as klu and E(spl)mgamma-HLH (PubMed:21262215, PubMed:22357926, PubMed:23056424, PubMed:24618901, PubMed:28899667). As part of its role in neuroblasts development, has been shown to be a direct target of the Notch signaling pathway, however might work also independently of N/Notch (PubMed:21262215, PubMed:22357926, PubMed:23056424). In the developing larval and pupal brain, required for mushroom body differentiation (PubMed:22357926). Involved in sex determination and SXL transcription repression when in complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:7651341, PubMed:8001118). (UniProt, Q26263)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

44C

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
44C2-44C2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-58
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:8228971..8232330
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)
Molecular Function (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Janssens et al., 2017)
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Southall and Brand, 2009)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Hoshijima et al., 1995)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Janssens et al., 2017)
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003650
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables protein dimerization activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011598, InterPro:IPR036638
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in adult locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
involved_in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
involved_in larval locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from direct assay
(Hoshijima et al., 1995)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
involved_in neuroblast development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wallace et al., 2000)
involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zacharioudaki et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2017, Berger et al., 2012)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P29617
(Zhu et al., 2012)
involved_in R7 cell fate commitment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016)
involved_in regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Janssens et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P51023
(Li et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q8MQJ9
(Janssens et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VQ56
(Janssens et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:M9PF84
(Janssens et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q94517
(Janssens et al., 2017)
involved_in sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Sxl; FB:FBgn0264270
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anterior/posterior pattern specification
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000105428
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003650
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000105428
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Tindell et al., 2020)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Bier et al., 1992)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription (PubMed:1427077, PubMed:24618901, PubMed:28899667). In the larval brain, required to maintain the self-renewal and identity of type II neuroblasts by regulating the expression of the transcriptional repressor erm together with other self-renewal transcriptional repressors such as klu and E(spl)mgamma-HLH (PubMed:21262215, PubMed:22357926, PubMed:23056424, PubMed:24618901, PubMed:28899667). As part of its role in neuroblasts development, has been shown to be a direct target of the Notch signaling pathway, however might work also independently of N/Notch (PubMed:21262215, PubMed:22357926, PubMed:23056424). In the developing larval and pupal brain, required for mushroom body differentiation (PubMed:22357926). Involved in sex determination and SXL transcription repression when in complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:7651341, PubMed:8001118).
(UniProt, Q26263)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor - bHLH - hairy/E(spl) class - a pan-neural repressor - regulates the self-renewal and specification of Drosophila larval neural stem cells independently of Notch - required to silence Tramtrack transcription in the R7 photoreceptor precursor in order to determine photoreceptor fate

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dpn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q26263)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
dpn-RA
FBtr0088803
NM_057575
2036
435
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.3 (northern blot)

(Bier et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
dpn-PA
FBpp0087879
46.6
435
7.55
Q26263
NP_476923
AAF59113
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

435 (aa)

(Bier et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer (PubMed:22357926, PubMed:7651341). Heterodimer with E(spl)mgamma-HLH and E(spl) (PubMed:22357926). Transcription repression requires formation of a complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:8001118). Interacts (via bHLH motif) with sisA (PubMed:7651341). Interacts with da (PubMed:7651341).

(UniProt, Q26263)
Domain

Has a particular type of basic domain (presence of a helix-interrupting proline) that binds to the N-box (CACNAG), rather than the canonical E-box (CANNTG).

The C-terminal WRPW motif is a transcriptional repression domain necessary for the interaction with Groucho, a transcriptional corepressor recruited to specific target DNA by Hairy-related proteins.

(UniProt, Q26263)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dpn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.34

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral neurectoderm
(Bier et al., 1992)
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
larval neuron
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage & larval stage
peripheral nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
central nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic cycle 13
organism | gap expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
larval stage
external sensory organ
(Bier et al., 1992)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4
organism | ubiquitous
(Kang et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Kang et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 5 -- 6
mesectoderm | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9
stage 1 neuroblast
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
stage 1 neuroblast
(Chang et al., 2000)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 10
organism | restricted

Comment: rosette pattern

(Kang et al., 2009)
neuroblast
(Kang et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
sensory mother cell
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
neuroblast of ventral nervous system
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval lateral VNC glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
sensory neuron
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head sensory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
sensory nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval lateral VNC glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

dpn is expressed in precellular blastoderm embryos during cycle 13 in a nearly ubiquitous pattern. It is then expressed in a pattern of 8 pair rule stripes. In late germband extension, expression in a rosette pattern is observed. At stage 10 expression is seen in the neuroblasts of each hemisegment along the ventral nerve cord.

(Kang et al., 2009)

No dpn transcripts are detected in dpn1 mutant embryos.

(Bier et al., 1992)

dpn transcripts are first detected in a ubiquitous pattern in embryonic cycle 12. A transient gap-rule pattern in cycle 13 is followed by a pair-rule stripe pattern. dpn stripes overlap with the corresponding h stripes which extend further posteriorly. dpn transcripts are expressed briefly in patches of neurectoderm preceding the first wave of neuroblast segregation and become restricted to the neuroblasts before they delaminate. By 6 1/2-7 hr, all neuroblasts have delaminated and express dpn. In the PNS, dpn is expressed weakly in patches of ectodermal cells followed by strong expression in sensillum precursors. Expression in neural precursors disappears soon after they divide and reappears at later stages of nervous system development of the CNS and PNS as neurons begin to differentiate. dpn is also expressed in neuroblasts of the larval CNS and in precursors of sensory neurons in imaginal discs. Expression is restricted to the primary neural precursor cell. In ventral thoracic discs, expression is also observed in additional non-neuronal cells. dpn expression is absent in neuroblasts in a da mutant background, but is present at normal levels in a reduced number of neuroblasts in a Df(1)sc-B57 background.

(Bier et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
stage 1 neuroblast
(Chang et al., 2000)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval neuron
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage & larval stage
peripheral nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic cycle 13
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
larval stage
external sensory organ
(Bier et al., 1992)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral neurectoderm
(Bier et al., 1992)
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage & larval stage
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
central nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic cycle 13
organism | gap expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 8
procephalic neurogenic region & Pcv7 neuroblast & Pcv9 neuroblast
(Urbach et al., 2003)
embryonic antennal segment & ventral neurectoderm & neuroblast
(Urbach et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
thoracic neuroblast NB5-6
(Losada-Pérez et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 11
neuroblast NB6-4 | punctate
(Bernardoni et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
neuroblast NB5-5
(Benito-Sipos et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 11 -- 16
thoracic neuroblast NB5-6 | subset of embryonic mesothoracic segment
(Ulvklo et al., 2012)
thoracic neuroblast NB5-6 | subset of embryonic metathoracic segment
(Ulvklo et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 17
neuroblast MBp
(Kraft et al., 2016)
embryonic neuroblast
(Kraft et al., 2016)
larval stage
intermediate neuronal progenitor
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
type II neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
first instar larval stage
abdominal neuroblast NB5-2
(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)
abdominal neuroblast NB5-3
(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)
abdominal neuroblast NB3-5
(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)
second instar larval stage
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 36 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
third instar larval stage
neuroblast of embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Weng et al., 2012)
inner optic anlage lateral proliferation zone | restricted
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
larval optic neuroblast
(Southall et al., 2013)
medulla forming neuroblast
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
optic lobe neuroepithelial cell | subset
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
larval outer optic anlage
(Wallace et al., 2000)
larval inner optic anlage
(Wallace et al., 2000)
larval neuroblast
(Shaikh et al., 2016)
early third instar larval stage
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 48 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
late third instar larval stage
neuroblast
(Siegrist et al., 2010)
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 96 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
prepupal stage
neuroblast

Comment: Assayed at ~5hr after pupal formation.

(Siegrist et al., 2010)
pupal stage
neuroblast

Comment: Assayed at ~30hr after pupal formation.

(Siegrist et al., 2010)
pharate adult stage
neuroblast

Comment: Assayed at mid-pupal stage.

(Siegrist et al., 2010)
pharate adult stage P9
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 72 hours APF

(Kraft et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

dpn-protein expression can be found in neuroblasts in the distal part of the inner proliferation zone in the larval optic anlage.

(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)

dpn protein is localized to type II and secondary neuroblasts, but not to type I neuroblasts.

(Eroglu et al., 2014)

Approximately 100 neuroblasts in the 96hr 3rd instar larvae central nervous system express dpn. At ~5hr after pupal formation, the number of cells expressing dpn remains the same as in 3rd instar larvae, but cell size and mitotic activity are reduced. Midway through pupal development, only the mushroom body neuroblasts remain. Expression is no longer present 10hr before eclosion (~96hr APF).

(Siegrist et al., 2010)

dpn is expressed weakly in two to three rows of neural progenitor cells lateral to the l(1)sc-expressing cells in the developing optic lobe and at high levels in the neuroblasts.

(Yasugi et al., 2010)

No dpn protein is detected in neural precursors in dpn1 mutants.

(Bier et al., 1992)

dpn protein is first detected in a ubiquitous pattern in embryonic cycle 12. A transient gap-rule pattern in cycle 13 is followed by a pair-rule stripe pattern. dpn stripes overlap with the corresponding h stripes which extend further posteriorly. dpn protein is expressed briefly in patches of neurectoderm preceding the first wave of neuroblast segregation and is restricted to the neuroblasts before they delaminate. By 6 1/2-7hr, all neuroblasts have delaminated and express dpn. In the PNS, dpn protein is expressed weakly in patches of ectodermal cells followed by strong expression in sensillum precursors. Expression in neural precursors disappears soon after they divide and reappears at later stages of CNS and PNS development as neurons begin to differentiate. dpn protein is also expressed in neuroblasts of the larval CNS and in precursors of sensory neurons in imaginal discs. Expression is restricted to the primary neural precursor cell. In leg imaginal discs, expression is also observed in additional non-neuronal cells. dpn protein expression is absent in neuroblasts in a da mutant background, but is present at normal levels in a reduced number of neuroblasts in a Df(1)sc-B57 background.

(Bier et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
intermediate neuronal progenitor
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
larval neuroblast
(Shaikh et al., 2016)
neuroblast
(Kraft et al., 2016, Soshnev et al., 2013)
type II neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Tindell et al., 2020)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Bier et al., 1992)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dpn in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dpn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dpn
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | germline clone
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
partially lethal - majority live (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
viable
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior | recessive
abnormal cell death, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4GMR9D11
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL471B
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with dpn1)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with dpn7)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL471B
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
decreased cell number | larval stage
flightless (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
some die during embryonic stage
some die during larval stage
some die during pupal stage
uncoordinated (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult brain, with Scer\GAL471B
embryonic/larval optic lobe | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval optic lobe | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL471B
ganglion mother cell | larval stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4ase.neuro
ganglion mother cell | larval stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
intermediate neuronal progenitor | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
intermediate neuronal progenitor | larval stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lamina | third instar larval stage
larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
macrochaeta
neuroblast MBp | larval stage (with dpn1)
neuroblast MBp | larval stage (with dpn7)
neuroblast MBp | somatic clone
type II neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4GMR9D11
type II neuroblast | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
type II neuroblast | larval stage
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with dpn1)
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with dpn7)
type II neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone
type II neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
type I neuroblast | larval stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4ase.neuro
type I neuroblast | larval stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage (with dpn1)
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage (with dpn7)
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (24)
Hsap\HES1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\HES4
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\HES2
5 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BHLHE40
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BHLHE41
3 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\HES3
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HEYL
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HELT
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HES5
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HES6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HES7
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HEY1
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HEY2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ARNTL2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BMAL1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MLX
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MNT
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MXD1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MXD3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MXD4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MYC
1 of 14
No
No
6  
Hsap\SREBF2
1 of 14
No
No
5  
Hsap\USF2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\USF3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (20)
Rnor\Hes1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Hes2
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Heyl
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bhlhe40
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hes3
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hey2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Bhlhe41
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hes5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hes6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hes7
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hey1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Helt
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mnt
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mxd1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mxd3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mxd4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srebf1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Srebf2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Usf2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Usf3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)
Mmus\Hes1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Hes2
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bhlhe40
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Bhlhe41
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hes3
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Heyl
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Helt
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hes5
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hes6
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hes7
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hey1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hey2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Arntl
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mnt
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mxd1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mxd3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mxd4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Srebf1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Usf2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (24)
Xtro\hes1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\hes4
8 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes2
4 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bhlhe40
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\hes3
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bhlhe41
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ctdp1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dlst
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gnrhr2/nmi
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\helt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes5.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes5.4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes5.7
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes5.9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes6.1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hes7.1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\hes7.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hey1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC116412194
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mnt
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mxd1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\mxd3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\mxd4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\mxi1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (37)
Drer\her6
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\her9
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\hes2.2
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\hes2.1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\bhlhe40
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\bhlhe41
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\her3
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\her8.2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\her8a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\helt
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\her1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\her5
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\her7
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\her13
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\hes6
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\hey1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\hey2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\heyl
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\arntl2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her4.1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her4.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her4.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her4.4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her11
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her12
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her15.1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\her15.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\max
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mnta
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mxd1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mxd3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\mxd4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\myca
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\usf1
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\lin-22
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ref-1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006699
6 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012346
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012342
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003844
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007450
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000682
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005655
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012873
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013301
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
Atha\AT2G40200
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ALC
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G68810
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G56770
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G28800
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G38070
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G62610
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\BHLH32
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PIF3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PIL1
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:dpn. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (14)
hry
9 of 13
E(spl)m3-HLH
6 of 13
E(spl)m7-HLH
6 of 13
E(spl)mβ-HLH
6 of 13
E(spl)mδ-HLH
6 of 13
E(spl)mγ-HLH
6 of 13
Sidpn
6 of 13
cwo
5 of 13
E(spl)m5-HLH
5 of 13
E(spl)m8-HLH
5 of 13
Hesr
4 of 13
Hey
4 of 13
cyc
1 of 13
Mnt
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
HES1; hes family bHLH transcription factor 1
10 of 14
139605
      HES4; hes family bHLH transcription factor 4
      10 of 14
      HES FAMILY bHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4; HES4
           
          HES2; hes family bHLH transcription factor 2
          5 of 14
          609970
              BHLHE40; basic helix-loop-helix family member e40
              3 of 14
              604256
                  BHLHE41; basic helix-loop-helix family member e41
                  3 of 14
                  606200
                     
                    HES3; hes family bHLH transcription factor 3
                    3 of 14
                    609971
                        HEYL; hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif like
                        3 of 14
                        609034
                            Functional Complementation Data
                            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                            Interactions
                            Summary of Physical Interactions
                            Interaction Browsers
                            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                            protein-protein
                            Physical Interaction
                            Assay
                            References
                            dpn
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
                            (Komori et al., 2018, Liu and Belote, 1995)
                            dpn - CHOp24
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
                            (Rhee et al., 2014)
                            dpn - Df31
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
                            (Rhee et al., 2014)
                            dpn - E(spl)m8-HLH
                            electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, autoradiography
                            (Zacharioudaki et al., 2012)
                            dpn - E(spl)mγ-HLH
                            electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
                            (Komori et al., 2018, Zacharioudaki et al., 2012)
                            dpn - GATAe
                            two hybrid array
                            (Shokri et al., 2019)
                            dpn - Hr78
                            two hybrid array
                            (Shokri et al., 2019)
                            dpn - Sirt1
                            pull down, autoradiography
                            (Rosenberg and Parkhurst, 2002)
                            dpn - da
                            two hybrid
                            (Liu and Belote, 1995)
                            dpn - dgrn
                            pull down, autoradiography
                            (Barry et al., 2011)
                            dpn - gro
                            pull down, autoradiography, inferred by curator, two hybrid
                            (Jennings et al., 2006, Poortinga et al., 1998, Paroush et al., 1994)
                            dpn - hry
                            pull down, autoradiography
                            (Secombe and Parkhurst, 2004)
                            dpn - insb
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot
                            (Komori et al., 2018)
                            dpn - sisA
                            two hybrid
                            (Liu and Belote, 1995)
                            RNA-protein
                            Physical Interaction
                            Assay
                            References
                            dpn - brat
                            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography
                            (Reichardt et al., 2018, Loedige et al., 2015)
                            Summary of Genetic Interactions
                            Interaction Browsers
                            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                            Starting gene(s)
                            Interaction type
                            Interacting gene(s)
                            Reference
                            dpn
                            suppressible
                            eag
                            (Huang et al., 2015)
                            dpn
                            enhanceable
                            erm
                            (Janssens et al., 2014)
                            dpn
                            suppressible
                            erm
                            (Janssens et al., 2014)
                            dpn
                            suppressible
                            mir-ban
                            (Wu et al., 2017)
                            dpn
                            suppressible
                            pros
                            (Zhu et al., 2012)
                            Starting gene(s)
                            Interaction type
                            Interacting gene(s)
                            Reference
                            brat
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Komori et al., 2025, Komori et al., 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018)
                            brat
                            enhanceable
                            dpn
                            (Janssens et al., 2014)
                            brat|Tis11
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Komori et al., 2018)
                            brat|insb
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Komori et al., 2018)
                            brm
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Tegeder et al., 2019)
                            Cul1
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Komori et al., 2018)
                            da
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Barbash and Cline, 1995)
                            erm
                            enhanceable
                            dpn
                            (Janssens et al., 2014)
                            erm
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Janssens et al., 2014)
                            N
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (San-Juán and Baonza, 2011)
                            N
                            enhanceable
                            dpn
                            (Babaoğlan et al., 2013)
                            sc
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Barbash and Cline, 1995)
                            scrt
                            enhanceable
                            dpn
                            (Roark et al., 1995)
                            sisA
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Barbash and Cline, 1995)
                            sisRNA:4
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Tay and Pek, 2017)
                            Snr1
                            suppressible
                            dpn
                            (Tegeder et al., 2019)
                            External Data
                            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                            Homodimer (PubMed:22357926, PubMed:7651341). Heterodimer with E(spl)mgamma-HLH and E(spl) (PubMed:22357926). Transcription repression requires formation of a complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:8001118). Interacts (via bHLH motif) with sisA (PubMed:7651341). Interacts with da (PubMed:7651341).
                            (UniProt, Q26263 )
                            Linkouts
                            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                            Pathways
                            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                            Metabolic Pathways
                            FlyBase
                            External Links
                            External Data
                            Linkouts
                            Class of Gene
                            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                            Chromosome (arm)
                            2R
                            Recombination map
                            2-58
                            Cytogenetic map
                            44C2-44C2
                            Sequence location
                            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                            Cytogenetic map
                            Evidence for location
                            44C2-44C2
                            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Rs1k09514&P{lacW}l(2)k03110k03110 and P{lacW}Vps25k08904&P{lacW}ptck02507
                            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                            Cytogenetic map
                            Notes
                            References
                            44C-44C
                            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                            (Bier et al., 1992)
                            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                            Location

                            2-58

                            (FlyBase, 2016)

                            2-57.4

                            (Comeron et al., 2012)
                            Left of (cM)
                            Right of (cM)
                            Notes
                            Stocks and Reagents
                            Stocks (23)
                            Genomic Clones (21)
                            cDNA Clones (26)
                             

                            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                            BDGP DGC clones
                            Other clones
                            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                            BDGP DGC clones
                            Other clones
                            RNAi and Array Information
                            Linkouts
                            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                            Antibody Information
                            Cell Line Information
                            Publicly Available Cell Lines
                             
                              Other Stable Cell Lines
                               
                                Other Comments

                                Host gene for two maternally inherited stable intronic sequence RNA (sisRNA), referred to as "sisR-4" and the "dpn 5' sisRNA".

                                (Tay and Pek, 2017)

                                dpn is both necessary and sufficient for maintaining neuroblast self-renewal.

                                (Zhu et al., 2012)

                                dpn mutants have defects in larval locomotion.

                                (Parrish et al., 2006)

                                dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of dpn results in increased arborization of ddaD and ddaE neurons, defects in dendrite morphogenesis and reproducible defects in da dendrite development.

                                (Parrish et al., 2006)

                                Expression of activated h in early blastoderm embryos causes ectopic Sxl expression and male-specific lethality, implying that the h-related denominator element dpn represses Sxl during sex-determination by directly recognising the early Sxl promoter.

                                (Jimenez et al., 1996)

                                An extensive genetic screen for dominant suppressors of the female specific lethal sisA mutation identified 10 alleles of dpn but no other loci. By itself dpn cannot account for the masculinizing effect of increased autosomal ploidy, but if other denominator elements exist their contributions must be less than that of dpn. The time course of expression of dpn and Sxl in dpn mutant backgrounds suggests that dpn is required for sex determination only during the later stages of X:A signalling in males, to prevent inappropriate expression of SxlPe in the face of increasing sis gene product levels.

                                (Barbash and Cline, 1995)

                                Ecol\lacZ reporter gene construct demonstrates dpn pan-neural enhancer is composed of CNS and PNS specific subelements.

                                (Emery and Bier, 1995)

                                dpn gene functions as a dose-dependent negative regulator of Sxl-Pe.

                                (Estes et al., 1995)

                                Transfection assays and in vitro DNA binding experiments indicate that da/sc heterodimers directly activate the Sxl early promoter by binding to both high and low affinity sites. dpn protein represses this activation by specific binding to a unique site within the Sxl early promoter.

                                (Hoshijima et al., 1995)

                                The yeast two hybrid system has been used to demonstrate specific interactions within the sisA, sc, dpn and da group of gene products, and to delimit their interaction domains. The results support and extend the model of the molecular basis of the X/A ratio signal.

                                (Liu and Belote, 1995)

                                Mutants at dpn show genetic interaction with achaete-scute complex mutants.

                                (Bier et al., 1992)

                                The dpn+ product is involved in mobility of larvae and adults. dpn may act as a denominator element in sex determination, with Sxl mediating male lethality due to imbalance of sc+, dpn+ and maternally provided emc+.

                                (Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
                                Relationship to Other Genes
                                Source for database merge of

                                Source for merge of: dpn anon- EST:fe1B12

                                (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
                                Additional comments
                                Nomenclature History
                                Source for database identify of
                                Nomenclature comments
                                Etymology
                                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
                                Reported As
                                Symbol Synonym
                                44C
                                (Wainwright and Ish-Horowicz, 1992, Vaessin et al., 1990)
                                CG8704
                                (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Meadows, 2017.1.11, Hadar et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Krejcí et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Stevens et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Schulz et al., 2004, Norga et al., 2003)
                                DPN
                                (Mirkovic et al., 2019, Sprecher et al., 2006)
                                Deadpan
                                (Dapergola et al., 2021)
                                Dpn
                                (Liu et al., 2025, Wang et al., 2025, He et al., 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Aughey et al., 2023, Barbaste et al., 2023, Voutyraki et al., 2023, Guan et al., 2022, Hafer et al., 2022, Hildebrandt et al., 2022, Ray and Li, 2022, Soares et al., 2022, Connacher and Goldstrohm, 2021, Li and Hidalgo, 2021, Rajan et al., 2021, Hailstone et al., 2020, Hakes and Brand, 2020, Nakamura et al., 2020, Tindell et al., 2020, Bivik Stadler et al., 2019, Piggott et al., 2019, Ramon-Cañellas et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Abed et al., 2018, Hakes et al., 2018, Schwartz and Rhiner, 2018, Shaikh and Tejedor, 2018, An et al., 2017, Caygill and Brand, 2017, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2017, Altenhein et al., 2016, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Shaikh et al., 2016, Apitz and Salecker, 2015, Arya et al., 2015, Fernández-Hernández and Rhiner, 2015, Jia et al., 2015, To et al., 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Kuang et al., 2014, Lai and Doe, 2014, Carney et al., 2013, Chai et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kux et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Li et al., 2013, Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Suzuki et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Zhou and Luo, 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Callan et al., 2012, Haenfler et al., 2012, Hirono et al., 2012, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Moraru et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Ulvklo et al., 2012, Weng and Cohen, 2012, Weng et al., 2012, Xiao et al., 2012, Barry et al., 2011, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Kawamori et al., 2011, Morante et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Weng and Lee, 2011, Zhu et al., 2011, Bayraktar et al., 2010, Berger et al., 2010, Brankatschk and Eaton, 2010, Chang et al., 2010, Karlsson et al., 2010, Monastirioti et al., 2010, Reddy et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2010, Weng et al., 2010, Andrews et al., 2009, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Cabernard and Doe, 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Boone and Doe, 2008, Bowman et al., 2008, Chabu and Doe, 2008, Yasugi et al., 2008, Egger et al., 2007, Kozhina et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Parrish et al., 2006, Urbach et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Quintero et al., 2005, Winston and Gottesfeld, 2000)
                                anon-EST:fe1B12
                                bHLHe50
                                (Stevens et al., 2008)
                                dpn
                                (Arias and Tomlinson, 2025, Cai and Wang, 2025, El-Danaf et al., 2025, Plygawko et al., 2025, Yun et al., 2025, Ko et al., 2024, Mönch et al., 2024, Cai et al., 2023, Catalani et al., 2022, Simões et al., 2022, Theodorou et al., 2022, Voutyraki et al., 2022, Crocker et al., 2021, Frankenreiter et al., 2021, Martin et al., 2021, Michki et al., 2021, Onur et al., 2021, Surkova et al., 2021, Hassan et al., 2020, Li and Hidalgo, 2020, Li et al., 2020, Magadi et al., 2020, Yoo et al., 2020, Arya et al., 2019, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Gahr et al., 2019, Harding and White, 2019, Otsuki and Brand, 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Tegeder et al., 2019, van den Ameele and Brand, 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Aughey et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Komori et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Loewen et al., 2018, Mora et al., 2018, Paul et al., 2018, Pek, 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018, Vaufrey et al., 2018, Chan et al., 2017, Janssens et al., 2017, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Tay and Pek, 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wu et al., 2017, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016, Morrissy et al., 2016, Urbach et al., 2016, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Huang et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Loedige et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, To et al., 2015, Awasaki et al., 2014, Awasaki et al., 2014, Ciglar et al., 2014, Córdoba and Estella, 2014, Eroglu et al., 2014, Gokcezade et al., 2014, Janssens et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Southall et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Babaoğlan et al., 2013, Chai et al., 2013, Berger et al., 2012, Carney et al., 2012, Hadar et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kunz et al., 2012, San Juan et al., 2012, Zacharioudaki et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, Cave et al., 2011, Colonques et al., 2011, Hasegawa et al., 2011, Kappes et al., 2011, Kuzin et al., 2011, Michaut et al., 2011, Nien et al., 2011, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Duncan and Dearden, 2010, Egger et al., 2010, Gladstein et al., 2010, Suissa et al., 2010, Yasugi et al., 2010, Kang et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Liang et al., 2008, Lu et al., 2008, Bartolome and Charlesworth, 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Reeves and Posakony, 2005, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Grad et al., 2004, Wallace et al., 2000)
                                Name Synonyms
                                Dead-pan
                                (Ramon-Cañellas et al., 2019)
                                Deadpan
                                (Strunov et al., 2022, Baccino-Calace et al., 2020, Baral et al., 2020, Samuels et al., 2020, Hakes et al., 2018, Skeath et al., 2017, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016, To et al., 2015, Jeibmann et al., 2014, Kuang et al., 2014, Lacin et al., 2014, Chai et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kux et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Berger et al., 2012, Callan et al., 2012, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Moraru et al., 2012, Siddall et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Sun et al., 2012, Hasegawa et al., 2011, Morante et al., 2011, Richter et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011, Reddy et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Andrews et al., 2009, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Boone and Doe, 2008, Bowman et al., 2008, Chabu and Doe, 2008, Morey et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2006, Winston and Gottesfeld, 2000)
                                anon-fast-evolving-1B12
                                deadpan
                                (Chan et al., 2023, Aggarwal et al., 2022, Pek, 2018, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016, Urbach et al., 2016, Awasaki et al., 2014, Southall et al., 2014, Eguchi et al., 2013, San Juan et al., 2012, Yoshioka et al., 2012, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Kuzin et al., 2011, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Chang et al., 2010, Suissa et al., 2010, Cabernard and Doe, 2009, Kang et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Bonaccorsi et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Kozhina et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
                                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                • FBgn0025271
                                Datasets (0)
                                Study focus (0)
                                Experimental Role
                                Project
                                Project Type
                                Title
                                Study result (0)
                                Result
                                Result Type
                                Title
                                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )
                                Sequence Crossreferences
                                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                Other crossreferences
                                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                Linkouts
                                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                References (434)