FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Rac2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Rac2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Rac2
Annotation Symbol
CG8556
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0014011
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Gene Summary
Rac2 (Rac2) encodes a GTPase signaling protein that acts as a molecular switch, regulating cell shape, movement, division, and wound healing. It responds to signals from RTK and PIP3 pathways, activating the WAVE regulatory complex. This promotes the formation of branched actin filaments, helping cells move and change shape. [Date last reviewed: 2024-07-18] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Rac, Drac2, Rac1, Rac GTPase, DRacB

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
66A1-66A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-21
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:7432762..7435190
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (45 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables GTPase activity
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:cv-c; FB:FBgn0285955
(Denholm et al., 2005)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:A1Z7T0
(Lu and Settleman, 1999)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P48148
(Lu and Settleman, 1999)
enables protein kinase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Pak3; FB:FBgn0044826
(Mentzel and Raabe, 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables GTP binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000632671
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001806, InterPro:IPR003578, InterPro:IPR005225
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables GTPase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001806
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000632671
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables protein kinase binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (38 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (28 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333,FLYBASE:Mtl; FB:FBgn0039532
(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014)
involved_in actin filament bundle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in aggressive behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goergen et al., 2014)
involved_in defense response to bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Avet-Rochex et al., 2007)
involved_in dorsal appendage formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Peters et al., 2013)
involved_in dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Denholm et al., 2005, Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in encapsulation of foreign target
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sampson et al., 2012, Williams et al., 2005)
involved_in feeding behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goergen et al., 2014)
involved_in germ-band shortening
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in head involution
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in hemocyte migration
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Paladi and Tepass, 2004)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stramer et al., 2005)
involved_in JNK cascade
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in lamellipodium assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Woolner et al., 2005)
involved_in mating behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goergen et al., 2014)
involved_in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Howell et al., 2012)
involved_in mesodermal cell migration
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333,FLYBASE:Mtl; FB:FBgn0039532
(Wilson et al., 2005)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Chihara et al., 2003)
involved_in phagocytosis, engulfment
inferred from direct assay
(Stuart et al., 2005)
involved_in phagocytosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sampson et al., 2012, Avet-Rochex et al., 2007)
involved_in positive regulation of wound healing
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333,FLYBASE:Mtl; FB:FBgn0039532
(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014)
involved_in regulation of adherens junction organization
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Bruinsma et al., 2007)
involved_in regulation of axonogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:LIMK1; FB:FBgn0283712
(Ng and Luo, 2004)
involved_in regulation of lipid storage
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goergen et al., 2014)
involved_in Rho protein signal transduction
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Zir; FB:FBgn0031216
(Sampson et al., 2012)
involved_in salivary gland morphogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Pirraglia et al., 2006)
involved_in somatic muscle attachment to chitin-based cuticle
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Liu et al., 2013)
involved_in tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Chihara et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin filament organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000632671
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in cell chemotaxis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008604698
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in cortical cytoskeleton organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in motor neuron axon guidance
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002784640
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in myoblast fusion
traceable author statement
(Dworak and Sink, 2002)
involved_in Rac protein signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002784640
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of cell shape
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003578
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasmic vesicle
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in cytoskeleton
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001530052
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000632671
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
GTPase activity
RHEA 19669:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Rac2 (Rac2) encodes a GTPase signaling protein that acts as a molecular switch, regulating cell shape, movement, division, and wound healing. It responds to signals from RTK and PIP3 pathways, activating the WAVE regulatory complex. This promotes the formation of branched actin filaments, helping cells move and change shape. [Date last reviewed: 2024-07-18]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RHO GTPASES -
Rho (Ras Homologous) GTPases are members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. They are best characterized for their roles in regulating actin organization. (Adapted from PMID:15731001).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Involved in integrin alpha-PS3/beta-nu-mediated phagocytosis of Gram-positive S.aureus by hemocytes.
(UniProt, P48554)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Rac2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P48554)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Rac2-RA
FBtr0076867
NM_139864
1299
192
Rac2-RB
FBtr0332800
NM_001274588
2429
192
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.9 (northern blot)

(Harden et al., 1995)

1.3 (longest cDNA)

(Hariharan et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Rac2-PA
FBpp0076577
21.4
192
8.47
P48554
NP_648121
AAF50559
Rac2-PB
FBpp0305023
21.4
192
8.47
P48554
NP_001261517
AGB94212
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

192 aa isoforms: Rac2-PA, Rac2-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

192 (aa)

(Harden et al., 1995, Hariharan et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Pkn (via N-terminus).

(UniProt, P48554)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Rac2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.77

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Hariharan et al., 1995)
pre-blastoderm stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Sasamura et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5 -- 6
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Sasamura et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
fat body/gonad primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
plasmatocyte primordium

Comment: reported as plasmatocytes anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
head mesoderm
(Sasamura et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
somatic trunk mesoderm
(Sasamura et al., 1997)
visceral trunk mesoderm
(Sasamura et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
dorsal pharyngeal muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval somatic muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval visceral muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
organism | ubiquitous
(Sasamura et al., 1997)
oogenesis stage S10 -- S13 & adult stage | female
follicle cell
(Peters et al., 2013)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Sasamura et al., 1997, Harden et al., 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

Rac2 transcript is detected in all developmental stages.

(Sasamura et al., 1997)

Rac2 transcript is ubiquitous up to the blastoderm stage of embryogenesis. In late stage 5-early stage 6 embryos, there is a transient pair-rule-like expression of Rac2 in 7 stripes. Very little expression is detected between stages 6 and 10. At stage 11, Rac2 expression is detected in the cephalic mesoderm, and early in stage 12, in the visceral and somatic mesoderm. After stage 13, lower levels of transcript are detected ubiquitously.

(Sasamura et al., 1997)

Rac2 transcripts are detected throughout development with no significant fluctuations in transcript levels.

(Harden et al., 1995)

Rac2 is expressed throughout embryogenesis.

(Hariharan et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Rac2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Rac2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Rac2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3L)Exel8104
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(3L)pbl-X1
(Sawamoto et al., 1999, Boutros et al., 1998)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4srp.D.cCa
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
male fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior | male limited
abnormal courtship behavior | male limited
abnormal feeding behavior
abnormal immune response
abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4srp.D.cCa
abnormal immune response (with Df(3L)pbl-X1)
abnormal immune response (with Rac2KG05681b)
abnormal immune response (with Rac2Δ)
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
abnormal immune response | larval stage
abnormal immune response | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
abnormal locomotor behavior | male limited
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neurophysiology (with Df(3L)pbl-X1)
abnormal neurophysiology | recessive
long lived | dominant | female limited
short lived | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Hml.Δ
short lived | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
anterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4pnr.PU
chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4CY2
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4Vm26Aa.F
embryonic/larval hemocyte
embryonic/larval plasmatocyte
embryonic myoblast
embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic somatic muscle cell
embryonic somatic muscle cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
lamellocyte
mesoderm
microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr.PU
muscle founder cell | increased number
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
pericardial cell
photoreceptor
pigment cell
PNS glial cell
retina
retina (with Df(3L)pbl-X1)
serotonergic neuron
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (21)
Hsap\RAC1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
8  
Hsap\RAC2
10 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\RAC3
9 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOG
5 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOQ
5 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\CDC42
4 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\RHOH
4 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\RHOJ
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOU
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOV
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOF
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOA
2 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\RHOB
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RHOBTB1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RHOBTB2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RHOBTB3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOD
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RND1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RND2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RND3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RHOC
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (22)
Rnor\Rac1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Rac2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rac3
7 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Cdc42
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhog
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhoq
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhoh
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhoj
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhov
4 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhof
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhoa
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhob
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhobtb1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhobtb2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhobtb3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rhoc
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhod
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rnd2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rnd3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\RSA-14-44
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rhou
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rnd1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (22)
Mmus\Rac1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Rac2
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rac3
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Cdc42
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhog
5 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhoq
5 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhoh
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhoj
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhou
4 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhof
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhov
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\4930544G11Rik
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhoa
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhob
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhobtb1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhobtb2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhobtb3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rhoc
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rhod
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rnd1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rnd2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rnd3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (23)
Xtro\rac1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rac2
8 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rac3
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhog2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhoq
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\cdc42
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dynlt5
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhog
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhoh
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhoj
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhov
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhou
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\cdca7l
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\celf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC105945198
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pias1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rhoa.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rhobtb2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rhobtb3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rhob
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rhoc
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rhof
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rnd1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (41)
Drer\rac1a
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rac1b
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rac3a
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rac3b
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rac2
6 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cdc42
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdc42l
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100537765
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoga
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhogb
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhogc
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhogd
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoq
5 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\cdc42l2
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\rac1l
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoh
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoj
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoua
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoub
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhov
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-1f22.1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhof
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-133l11.10
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC793862
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhoaa
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhobtb1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhobtb2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhobtb3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rhobtb4
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhoca
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhocb
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rnd1a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rnd1b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rnd2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rnd3a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rnd3b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-1f22.2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC100331257
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhoab
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhoac
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rhobtb2a
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (8)
Cele\rac-2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ced-10
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\mig-2
6 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdc-42
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\chw-1
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\crp-1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\rho-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y71H2AM.12
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005445
8 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001573
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\CDC42_ANOGA
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003931
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006279
3 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003092
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006474
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005160
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (12)
Atha\ARAC1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ARAC9
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RAC2
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RAC3
11 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\RAC6
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RAC10
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ROP1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ROP9
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ROP10
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ARAC5
10 of 13
No
No
Atha\ROP2
10 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G51290
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (6)
Scer\CDC42
4 of 13
Yes
No
1  
Scer\RHO1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\RHO2
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\RHO3
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\RHO4
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\RHO5
2 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (6)
Spom\cdc42
4 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\rho1
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\rho2
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\rho3
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\rho4
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\rho5
2 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Rac2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
Rac1
12 of 13
Mtl
11 of 13
Cdc42
10 of 13
Rho1
4 of 13
RhoBTB
4 of 13
RhoL
4 of 13
RhoU
4 of 13
Miro
2 of 13
Rab21
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Rac2Δ
    ameliorates  hereditary systemic amyloidosis 1
    modeled by Hsap\TTRV30M.UAS.Tag:HA
    (Oliveira da Silva et al., 2020)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RAC1; Rac family small GTPase 1
    12 of 14
    RAS-RELATED C3 BOTULINUM TOXIN SUBSTRATE 1; RAC1
     
    RAC2; Rac family small GTPase 2
    10 of 14
    RAS-RELATED C3 BOTULINUM TOXIN SUBSTRATE 2; RAC2
     
    RAC3; Rac family small GTPase 3
    9 of 14
    602050
      RHOG; ras homolog family member G
      5 of 14
      179505
          RHOQ; ras homolog family member Q
          5 of 14
          605857
               
              CDC42; cell division cycle 42
              4 of 14
              CELL DIVISION CYCLE 42; CDC42
                 
                RHOH; ras homolog family member H
                4 of 14
                602037
                 
                RHOJ; ras homolog family member J
                4 of 14
                607653
                    RHOU; ras homolog family member U
                    4 of 14
                    606366
                        RHOV; ras homolog family member V
                        4 of 14
                        620101
                            RHOF; ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated
                            3 of 14
                            618867
                                Functional Complementation Data
                                Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                Interactions
                                Summary of Physical Interactions
                                Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                Interaction Browsers
                                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                                Starting gene(s)
                                Interaction type
                                Interacting gene(s)
                                Reference
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                enhanceable
                                bnl
                                (Chihara et al., 2003)
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                enhanceable
                                btl
                                (Chihara et al., 2003)
                                Mtl|Rac2|Rac1
                                enhanceable
                                Cdc42
                                (Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007)
                                Rac2
                                enhanceable
                                CRMP
                                (Morris et al., 2012)
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                suppressible
                                cv-c
                                (Denholm et al., 2005)
                                Rac2
                                suppressible
                                CycE
                                (Tseng and Hariharan, 2002)
                                Rac1|Mtl|Rac2
                                suppressible
                                hep
                                (Woolner et al., 2005)
                                Rac2
                                suppressible
                                mbc
                                (Nolan et al., 1998)
                                Rac2|DAAM|Rac1
                                enhanceable
                                Mtl
                                (Matusek et al., 2008)
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                suppressible
                                RhoGAP93B
                                (Lundstrom et al., 2004)
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                suppressible
                                robo1
                                (Lundstrom et al., 2004)
                                Rac2|Rac1
                                enhanceable
                                stumps
                                (Chihara et al., 2003)
                                Rac2
                                enhanceable
                                ttk
                                (Peters et al., 2013)
                                Starting gene(s)
                                Interaction type
                                Interacting gene(s)
                                Reference
                                cindr
                                enhanceable
                                Rac1|Mtl|Rac2
                                (Johnson et al., 2008)
                                cv-c
                                enhanceable
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Denholm et al., 2005)
                                DAAM
                                enhanceable
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Matusek et al., 2008)
                                DAAM
                                enhanceable
                                Rac1|Mtl|Rac2
                                (Matusek et al., 2008)
                                DAAM|Rac1
                                enhanceable
                                Rac2
                                (Matusek et al., 2008)
                                egr
                                suppressible
                                Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
                                (Ruan et al., 2016)
                                H
                                enhanceable
                                Rac2
                                (Müller et al., 2005)
                                LIMK1
                                suppressible
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Ng and Luo, 2004)
                                LIMK1
                                enhanceable
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Ng and Luo, 2004)
                                mbc|Ced-12
                                suppressible
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Liu et al., 2013, Geisbrecht et al., 2008)
                                Mtl
                                enhanceable
                                Rac2
                                (Hakeda-Suzuki et al., 2002)
                                N
                                suppressible
                                Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
                                (Song and Giniger, 2011)
                                Pak
                                suppressible
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Ng and Luo, 2004)
                                pall
                                suppressible
                                Rac2
                                (Xiao et al., 2015)
                                pbl
                                enhanceable
                                Rac2
                                (van Impel et al., 2009, Gregory et al., 2007)
                                pbl
                                suppressible
                                Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
                                (van Impel et al., 2009)
                                pbl
                                suppressible
                                Rac2
                                (Gregory et al., 2007)
                                Pvr
                                enhanceable
                                Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
                                (Ishimaru et al., 2004)
                                Rac1
                                enhanceable
                                Rac2
                                (Pirraglia et al., 2006)
                                RhoGAP18B
                                suppressible
                                Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
                                (Rothenfluh et al., 2006)
                                slpr
                                enhanceable
                                Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
                                (Polaski et al., 2006)
                                ssh
                                suppressible
                                Rac1|Rac2
                                (Ng and Luo, 2004)
                                sti
                                suppressible
                                Rac1|Mtl|Rac2
                                (D'Avino et al., 2004)
                                trio
                                suppressible
                                Rac2
                                (Hakeda-Suzuki et al., 2002)
                                Vav
                                suppressible
                                Rac2
                                (Malartre et al., 2010)
                                Zir
                                suppressible
                                Rac2
                                (Sampson et al., 2012)
                                External Data
                                Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                                Interacts with Pkn (via N-terminus).
                                (UniProt, P48554 )
                                Linkouts
                                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                Pathways
                                Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                                Metabolic Pathways
                                FlyBase
                                External Links
                                External Data
                                Linkouts
                                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                Class of Gene
                                Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                Chromosome (arm)
                                3L
                                Recombination map
                                3-21
                                Cytogenetic map
                                66A1-66A1
                                Sequence location
                                FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                Cytogenetic map
                                Evidence for location
                                66A1-66A1
                                Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0721708223&P{EP}Rac2EP3118 and P{lacW}Nmtj1C7
                                Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                Cytogenetic map
                                Notes
                                References
                                66A-66A
                                (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                                (Sasamura et al., 1997, Sasamura, 1995)
                                66A1-66A1
                                (Harden et al., 1995)
                                Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                Location

                                3-21

                                (FlyBase, 2016)

                                3-17.4

                                (Comeron et al., 2012)

                                3-

                                Left of (cM)
                                Right of (cM)
                                Notes
                                Stocks and Reagents
                                Stocks (19)
                                Genomic Clones (22)
                                cDNA Clones (49)
                                 

                                Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                BDGP DGC clones
                                Other clones
                                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                BDGP DGC clones
                                Other clones
                                RNAi and Array Information
                                Linkouts
                                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                Antibody Information
                                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                 
                                Commercially Available Antibodies
                                 
                                Cell Line Information
                                Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                 
                                  Other Stable Cell Lines
                                   
                                    Other Comments

                                    Rac2 is required for the proper regulation of lipid storage and feeding behaviour, as well as aggression and mating behaviours. Rac2 mutant males and females are susceptible to starvation and contain considerably fewer lipids than controls.

                                    (Goergen et al., 2014)

                                    S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

                                    (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

                                    dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

                                    (Kiger et al., 2003)

                                    Both Rac1 and Rac2 proteins are marginally more like human Rac1 and Rac2, respectively, but the DNA sequences encoding them are more homologous to human Rac2 cDNA than that of human Rac1. This data does not readily allow the relationship between Rac1 and Rac2 and the genes encoding human Rac1 and Rac2 to be determined. Because of this the authors decided to assign new genes names using letters instead of 1 and 2 designators.

                                    (Harden et al., 1995)
                                    Relationship to Other Genes
                                    Source for database merge of
                                    Additional comments

                                    The Rac2 gene may have been derived from the Cdc42 gene by retroposition.

                                    (Dai et al., 2006)
                                    Nomenclature History
                                    Source for database identify of
                                    Nomenclature comments
                                    Etymology
                                    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (19)
                                    Reported As
                                    Symbol Synonym
                                    CG8556
                                    (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Okuda et al., 2016, Abmayr and Pavlath, 2012, Howell et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Dai et al., 2006, Colicelli, 2004, Lee et al., 2003)
                                    D-Rac 2
                                    (Mentzel et al., 2003)
                                    D-Rac2
                                    (Ryabinina et al., 2006, Kockel et al., 2001)
                                    DRac2
                                    (Chen et al., 2002, Van Aelst and Symons, 2002, Sawamoto et al., 1999, Van Aelst and D'Souza-Schorey, 1997)
                                    DRacB
                                    (Harden et al., 1995, Harden, 1994.8.2)
                                    DmRAC2
                                    (Mentzel and Raabe, 2005)
                                    Drac1b
                                    (Sasamura et al., 1997, Sasamura et al., 1995)
                                    Drac2
                                    (Shuai et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2005, Chen and Olson, 2004, Noselli, 2002)
                                    P48554
                                    (Rojas et al., 2012)
                                    RAC1B
                                    (Mickael et al., 2021)
                                    Rac
                                    (Wang et al., 2014, Ng, 2008, Warren-Paquin et al., 2008, Gonda and Stronach, 2007, Montell, 2006, Pirraglia et al., 2006, Stramer et al., 2005, Talbot and VanBerkum, 2005, Keung et al., 2004, Starz-Gaiano and Montell, 2004, Baum, 2002, Manning et al., 2002, Mlodzik, 2002)
                                    Rac GTPase
                                    (Castellani and Rougon, 2002, Petit et al., 2002)
                                    Rac-2
                                    (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
                                    Rac1
                                    (Wang et al., 2014, Vaqué et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Peltan et al., 2012)
                                    Rac1b
                                    (Sasamura, 1995)
                                    Rac2
                                    (Bischoff et al., 2025, Bischoff et al., 2025, Spitz et al., 2025, Yang et al., 2024, Burghardt et al., 2023, Godfrey et al., 2023, Pan et al., 2023, Jia et al., 2022, Miao et al., 2022, Perlegos et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Bischoff et al., 2021, Harnish et al., 2021, Kapoor et al., 2021, Lebo and McCall, 2021, Puñal et al., 2021, Sechi et al., 2021, Iwashita et al., 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Boucher et al., 2019, Lee and Chen, 2019, Myat et al., 2019, Schumacher, 2019, Trylinski and Schweisguth, 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Im and Lazzaro, 2018, Spinner et al., 2018, Jang et al., 2017, Nainu et al., 2017, Okuda et al., 2016, Biersmith et al., 2015, Deng et al., 2015, Eikenes et al., 2015, Gombos et al., 2015, Luo et al., 2015, Morán et al., 2015, Verboon and Parkhurst, 2015, Verboon and Parkhurst, 2015, Vlisidou and Wood, 2015, Xiao et al., 2015, Abe et al., 2014, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Bothe et al., 2014, dos Santos, 2014, Faisal et al., 2014, Goergen et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Carter, 2013, Geisbrecht et al., 2013, Khoo et al., 2013, Melzer et al., 2013, Neisch et al., 2013, Parkhurst, 2013.10.2, Peters et al., 2013, Ríos-Barrera and Riesgo-Escovar, 2013, Vaque et al., 2013, Vaqué et al., 2013, Abmayr and Pavlath, 2012, Baek et al., 2012, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Gates, 2012, Howell et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Lu et al., 2012, Marchal et al., 2012, Morris et al., 2012, Peltan et al., 2012, Reed et al., 2012, Sampson and Williams, 2012, Sampson et al., 2012, Shiratsuchi et al., 2012, Szuplewski et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Fauvarque and Williams, 2011, Goossens et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2011, Rohn et al., 2011, Song and Giniger, 2011, Tanaka et al., 2011, Ball et al., 2010, Biehs et al., 2010, Colinet et al., 2010, D'Ambrosio and Vale, 2010, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Elsaesser et al., 2010, Jones et al., 2010, Neisch et al., 2010, Serio et al., 2010, Singh et al., 2010, Wendler et al., 2010, Yan et al., 2010, Asano et al., 2009, Bond and Foley, 2009, Hashimoto et al., 2009, Kuraishi et al., 2009, van Impel et al., 2009, Geisbrecht et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Matusek et al., 2008, Ng, 2008, Qin et al., 2008, Warren-Paquin et al., 2008, Avet-Rochex et al., 2007, Bakal et al., 2007, Bakal et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2007, Bruinsma et al., 2007, Colinet et al., 2007, Conder et al., 2007, Cordero et al., 2007, Firth and Baker, 2007, Gregory et al., 2007, Impel et al., 2007, Jovceva et al., 2007, Magalhaes et al., 2007, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Williams and Hultmark, 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Pipes et al., 2006, Pirraglia et al., 2006, Polaski et al., 2006, Rothenfluh et al., 2006, Srahna et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2005, Pütz et al., 2005, Stramer et al., 2005, Stuart et al., 2005, Williams et al., 2005, Paladi and Tepass, 2004, Raymond et al., 2004)
                                    RacB
                                    Rhog
                                    (Graham et al., 2021)
                                    rac2
                                    (Oliveira da Silva et al., 2020, Dollar et al., 2016, Ruan et al., 2016, Kamiyama et al., 2015, Martín-Bermudo et al., 2015, Soba et al., 2015, Herszterg et al., 2013, Pirraglia et al., 2013, Duan et al., 2012, Haralalka et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2011, Pinal and Pichaud, 2011, Elsaesser et al., 2010, Malartre et al., 2010, McPhee et al., 2010, Gildor et al., 2009, Higuchi et al., 2009, Georgiou et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2008, Lundstrom et al., 2004, Bidet et al., 2003, Chihara et al., 2003, Freeman et al., 2003, Michaut et al., 2003, Xiao and Ruden, 2003, Xiao et al., 2002, Boutros et al., 1998, Nolan et al., 1998)
                                    Name Synonyms
                                    Rac
                                    (Fanto and McNeill, 2004)
                                    Rac GTPase
                                    (Sailem et al., 2014)
                                    Rac2
                                    Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                      Datasets (0)
                                      Study focus (0)
                                      Experimental Role
                                      Project
                                      Project Type
                                      Title
                                      Study result (0)
                                      Result
                                      Result Type
                                      Title
                                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 58 )
                                      Sequence Crossreferences
                                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                      Other crossreferences
                                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                      Linkouts
                                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                      References (316)