FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\PolG1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\PolG1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1
Annotation Symbol
CG8987
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004406
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
17 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase (2.7.7.7)
exodeoxyribonuclease I (3.1.11.1)
Gene Summary
DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1 (PolG1) encodes the catalytic subunit of mitocondrial DNA polymerase gamma, which is responsible for the replication and repair of the mitochondrial genome. [Date last reviewed: 2019-12-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

tamas, tam, DNApol-γ125, pol γ-α, l(2)34Dc

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
34D1-34D1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-49
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:13823980..13827772
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bratic et al., 2015)
inferred from direct assay
(Luo and Kaguni, 2005, Wang and Kaguni, 1999, Lewis et al., 1996, Olson et al., 1995)
enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Ciesielski et al., 2015, Luo and Kaguni, 2005, Fan and Kaguni, 2001, Wang and Kaguni, 1999, Lewis et al., 1996, Olson et al., 1995, Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bratic et al., 2015)
enables nucleotide binding
inferred from direct assay
(Yu et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001098, InterPro:IPR002297
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001098, InterPro:IPR019760, InterPro:IPR047580
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000030201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000030201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA replication proofreading
inferred from direct assay
(Lewis et al., 1996, Olson et al., 1995)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bratic et al., 2015)
involved_in DNA-templated DNA replication
inferred from direct assay
(Luo and Kaguni, 2005, Farr et al., 2004, Fan and Kaguni, 2001, Farr et al., 1999, Lewis et al., 1996, Williams and Kaguni, 1995, Williams et al., 1993, Olson and Kaguni, 1992, Kaguni and Olson, 1989, Wernette et al., 1988)
involved_in mitochondrial DNA replication
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Siibak et al., 2017, Bratic et al., 2015, Baqri et al., 2009)
inferred from direct assay
(Ciesielski et al., 2015, Wang and Kaguni, 1999, Olson et al., 1995, Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
involved_in sperm individualization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yu et al., 2017)
involved_in sperm mitochondrion organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yu et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA replication
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001098, InterPro:IPR002297, InterPro:IPR019760
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in mitochondrial DNA replication
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000030201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR047580
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of gamma DNA polymerase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Ciesielski et al., 2015, Luo and Kaguni, 2005, Fan and Kaguni, 2001, Wang and Kaguni, 1999, Olson et al., 1995, Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
located_in mitochondrial nucleoid
inferred from direct assay
(Yu et al., 2017)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Wang and Kaguni, 1999)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of gamma DNA polymerase complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000030201
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002297
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-A family. (Q27607)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
DNA(n) + a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = DNA(n+1) + diphosphate (2.7.7.7)
single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity
Exonucleolytic cleavage in the 3'- to 5'-direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates (3.1.11.1)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1 (PolG1) encodes the catalytic subunit of mitocondrial DNA polymerase gamma, which is responsible for the replication and repair of the mitochondrial genome. [Date last reviewed: 2019-12-19]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DNA POLYMERASE GAMMA -
DNA polymerase gamma is a high-fidelity mitochondrial polymerase responsible for the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. It is a heterodimer in which the catalytic subunit is encoded by tam. (Adapted from PMID:30005324.)
DNA POLYMERASE CATALYTIC SUBUNITS -
Multiple DNA polymerases are required for DNA replication and/or repair in eukaryotic cells. The alpha-primase, delta, epsilon, zeta and gamma polymerases exist as multi-subunit complexes in which one of the subunits has catalytic activity, whereas other DNA polymerases act as single molecules. (Adapted from PMID:30005324.)
3'-5' DNA EXONUCLEASES -
3'-5'-exodeoxyribonucleases catalyze the sequential degradation of double-stranded DNA acting progressively in a 3'-to-5' direction, releasing nucleoside 5'-phosphates.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA REPLISOME -
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replisome is multiprotein assembly required for the replication of mitochondrial DNA. The complex catalyzes the unwinding and strand synthesis of mtDNA. (Adapted from PMID:38884788.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
As the catalytic component of the DNA polymerase gamma complex is involved in the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (PubMed:11917141, PubMed:15537632, PubMed:19924234, PubMed:28430993, PubMed:3095323, PubMed:7499423, PubMed:8798543). Has both 5'-3' DNA polymerase and a highly mispair-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity (PubMed:15537632, PubMed:26554610, PubMed:2671990, PubMed:28430993, PubMed:7499423, PubMed:8798543). At the end of mtDNA replication DNA ends are ligated to produce a closed circular mtDNA molecule, its exonuclease activity is required for formation of these ligatable ends by preventing DNA synthesis from continuing past the 5'-end of downstream DNA into duplex DNA regions (PubMed:28430993). Does not possess DNA primase activity, does not catalyze strand displacement synthesis and does not contain a 5'-3' exonuclease activity to catalyze nick translation (PubMed:3095323). Important for promoting the elimination of paternal mitochondrial DNA during spermatogenesis, however its exact role in this function has not yet been identified and appears to be independent of its 3'-5'-exonuclease activity and only partially dependent on its DNA polymerase activity (PubMed:28318978).
(UniProt, Q27607)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(2)34Dc
l(2)34Dc3 produces about 1% escapers in heterozygous combination with both l(2)34Dc1 and l(2)34Dc2.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PolG1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q27607)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
PolG1-RA
FBtr0080571
NM_057473
3679
1145
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.7 (longest cDNA)

(Lewis et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
PolG1-PA
FBpp0080148
129.8
1145
7.49
Q27607
NP_476821
AAF53338
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1145 (aa); 128.6 (kD predicted)

(Lewis et al., 1996)

125 (kD)

(Kaguni et al., 1988, Wernette et al., 1988, Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the DNA polymerase gamma complex consisting of two subunits: the catalytic subunit DNApol-gamma/DNApolG1 and the accessory subunit PolG2/DNApol-gamma35.

(UniProt, Q27607)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PolG1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.55

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of gamma DNA polymerase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Ciesielski et al., 2015, Luo and Kaguni, 2005, Fan and Kaguni, 2001, Wang and Kaguni, 1999, Olson et al., 1995, Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
located_in mitochondrial nucleoid
inferred from direct assay
(Yu et al., 2017)
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Wang and Kaguni, 1999)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\PolG1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 26 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 19 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of PolG1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of PolG1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 94 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 94 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)64j
(Iyengar et al., 1999, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)b75
(Gubb et al., 1990, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)b80c1
(Iyengar et al., 2002, Iyengar et al., 1999)
Df(2L)b82a3
(Roote, 2000.7.3, Roote, 1997.6.3, Roote, 1995.3.27)
Df(2L)b84a4
(Bonfini et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b84a9
(Iyengar et al., 1999)
Df(2L)b85b2
(Roote, 2000.7.3, Iyengar et al., 1999, Roote, 1997.6.3, Alexandrova et al., 1996, Roote, 1995.3.27)
Df(2L)b85c1
(Alexandrova et al., 1996)
Df(2L)b88b42
(Roote, 2000.7.3, Iyengar et al., 1999, Roote, 1997.6.3, Roote, 1995.3.27)
Df(2L)b89e12
(Roote, 1998.5.15)
Df(2L)BSC252
(Bratic et al., 2015, Christensen and Cook, 2007.3.22)
Df(2L)Exel7059
(Kahsai and Cook, 2018, Bratic et al., 2015, Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)fn30
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn31
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)GT5
(Gubb et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Sco7
(Roote, 1996.8)
Df(2L)TE35B-5
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35BC-6
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-23
(Gubb et al., 1984)
In(2L)b79h1A
(Iyengar et al., 1999, Roote, 1997.6.3, Roote, 1995.3.27)
In(2L)b79d5
(Roote, 1997.6.3)
In(2L)b83b22
(Iyengar et al., 1999, Roote, 1997.6.3)
In(2LR)b81a2LDTD43R
(Bonfini et al., 1992)
In(2LR)b81a2
(Iyengar et al., 1999, Roote, 1997.6.3, Roote, 1995.3.27, Bonfini et al., 1992)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)A47
(Gubb et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A48
(Gubb et al., 1990, Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A63
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A72
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A178
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A215
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A217
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A220
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A245
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A246
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A260
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A263
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A264
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A266
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A267
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A376
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A377
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A379
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A400
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)A445
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)b89e80b
(Roote, 2000.7.3)
Df(2L)BSC694
(Bratic et al., 2015)
Df(2L)el77
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)fn1
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)fn2
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)fn3
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)fn5
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn7
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)fn12
(Ashburner et al., 1982, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)fn15
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn26
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn27
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)fn36
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Df(2L)GT4
(Gubb et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Scorv4
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Df(2L)TE35B-1
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-2
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-3
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-4
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-6
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-7
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-8
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-9
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-10
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-11
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-12
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35B-15
(Gubb et al., 1985)
Df(2L)TE35BC-1
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-3
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-4
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-7
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-8
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-24
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-28
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-29
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-31
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-34
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)TE35BC-35
(Gubb et al., 1984)
Df(2L)W
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
In(2L)75cLC158.1R
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
In(2L)75c
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
In(2L)b81l7
(Iyengar et al., 1999)
In(2L)b82c44
(Iyengar et al., 1999)
In(2L)TE35B-13
(Gubb et al., 1985)
In(2LR)b71k1A
(Roote, 1997.2.3)
T(2;3)Scorv7
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
T(Y;2)A80DR15P
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
T(Y;2)J165DP58P
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
T(Y;2)R15DJ165P
(Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
Tp(2;2)A446
(Ashburner et al., 1982)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(2L)BSC252)
lethal (with Df(2L)Exel7059)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(2L)BSC252)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(2L)Exel7059)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with PolG13)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with PolG14)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with PolG1D263A)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with PolG1H1038A)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with PolG1Q1009A)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
lethal - all die during third instar larval stage
lethal - all die during third instar larval stage | recessive
partially lethal
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
partially lethal - majority die (with PolG1D263A)
partially lethal - majority die (with PolG1KO)
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with PolG1D263A)
viable (with PolG1H1038A)
viable (with PolG1Q1009A)
viable (with PolG1Rescue)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate | dominant
abnormal developmental rate | dominant | maternal effect
abnormal developmental rate | maternal effect (with PolG1D263A)
abnormal developmental rate | maternal effect (with PolG1H1038A)
abnormal developmental rate | maternal effect (with PolG1Q1009A)
abnormal developmental rate | maternal effect (with PolG1Rescue)
abnormal DNA repair | dominant | parental effect
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage
abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4Trhn.PB
abnormal neuroanatomy (with PolG12)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with PolG19)
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with PolG13)
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with PolG19)
abnormal size | larval stage
abnormal size | larval stage (with Df(2L)b80c1)
decreased body size | larval stage (with PolG1H1038A)
decreased body size | larval stage (with PolG1KO)
decreased body size | larval stage (with PolG1Q1009A)
decreased body size | third instar larval stage
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage (with Df(2L)b80c1)
decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
majority die during third instar larval stage
majority die during third instar larval stage (with PolG1H1038A)
majority die during third instar larval stage (with PolG1KO)
majority die during third instar larval stage (with PolG1Q1009A)
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
some die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during P-stage
some die during P-stage (with PolG1H1038A)
some die during P-stage (with PolG1KO)
some die during P-stage (with PolG1Q1009A)
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle
adult cuticle, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
adult head bristle
adult thorax & macrochaeta
dopaminergic PAL neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
dopaminergic PPL1 neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
dopaminergic PPL1 neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
dopaminergic PPL2c neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
dopaminergic PPL2c neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
dopaminergic PPM1 neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
dopaminergic PPM1 neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
dopaminergic PPM2 neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
dopaminergic PPM2 neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
dopaminergic PPM3 neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
dopaminergic PPM3 neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage (with PolG13)
embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage (with PolG19)
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
eye disc
indirect flight muscle cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
larval central nervous system (with Df(2L)b80c1)
larval segmental nerve | third instar larval stage (with PolG13)
larval segmental nerve | third instar larval stage (with PolG19)
leg
leg, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
macrochaeta
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4444
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
mitochondrial chromosome | parental effect | progressive
mitochondrial chromosome | third instar larval stage
mitochondrial nucleoid | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
mitochondrion (with PolG12)
mitochondrion (with PolG19)
mitochondrion | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with PolG13)
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with PolG19)
photoreceptor cell & axon
photoreceptor neuron
pupal cuticle, with Scer\GAL4444
scutum & macrochaeta
serotonergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4Trhn.PB
skeletal muscle myofibril | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
spermatid, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
ventral oblique muscle cell | third instar larval stage (with PolG13)
ventral oblique muscle cell | third instar larval stage (with PolG19)
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
wing vein
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Hsap\POLG
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\DDX60
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\HELQ
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\POLN
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\POLQ
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Polg
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Helq
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Polq
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
Mmus\Polg
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Helq
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Poln
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Polq
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\polg
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\adam9
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
Drer\polg
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\helq
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\poln
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\polq
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\polg-1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\polq-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000139
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007533
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012297
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\AT4G32700
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\POLGAMMA1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\POLGAMMA2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\MIP1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\pog1
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\polA
1 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:PolG1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
mus301
1 of 13
PolQ
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
PolG1KK100485
model of  Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
is NOT ameliorated by Cint\AOXwt.UAS
(Rodrigues et al., 2018)
is NOT ameliorated by Cint\AOXUAS.cFa
(Rodrigues et al., 2018)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
POLG; DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit
14 of 14
174763
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
PolG1 - POLDIP2
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Wang et al., 2025)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
PolG1
suppressible
dhd
(Humphrey et al., 2012)
PolG1
suppressible
Drp1
(Humphrey et al., 2012)
PolG1
suppressible
park
(Humphrey et al., 2012)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
PolG2
suppressible
PolG1
(Iyengar et al., 2002)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Component of the DNA polymerase gamma complex consisting of two subunits: the catalytic subunit DNApol-gamma/DNApolG1 and the accessory subunit PolG2/DNApol-gamma35.
(UniProt, Q27607 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2L
Recombination map
2-49
Cytogenetic map
34D1-34D1
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
34D1-34D1
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Sosk05224&P{lacW}RpII33k05605 and P{lacW}l(2)34Fak00811&P{PZ}wb09437
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
34D-34E
(Kaguni, 1996.6.27)
34D-34E
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Lewis et al., 1996)
34D4-34D4
(Bonfini et al., 1992)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

2-49

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-45.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-

(Kaguni, 1996.6.27)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes

Deletion-mapped to between b and Sop2 or Orc5.

(Ashburner et al., 1999)
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (17)
Genomic Clones (22)
cDNA Clones (158)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      Multiple amino acid sequence alignments show the DNA polymerases from numerous species forms a family strongly conserved from yeast to man.

      (Lecrenier et al., 1997)

      Cloning and biochemical characterisation of tam demonstrates both 5' to 3' DNA polymerase activity and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity in the recombinant protein. tam polypeptide amino acid sequence is 1145 residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 129.9kD.

      (Lewis et al., 1996)

      Cloning, sequencing and characterisation of tam.

      (Ropp and Copeland, 1996)

      Subunit structure and enzymatic activity of DNA polymerase γ are studied using a combination of physical and immunological approaches. The role of the 2 subunits in template primer DNA binding is explored.

      (Olson et al., 1995)

      mtSSB stimulates DNA polymerase γ activity in vitro.

      (Williams and Kaguni, 1995)

      The rate and processivity of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase γ has been analysed under a variety of different conditions.

      (Williams et al., 1993)

      Transcript identified during molecular analysis of the Sos genomic region.

      (Bonfini et al., 1992)

      Biochemical description of the 3'->5' exonuclease associated with mitochondrial DNA polymerase.

      (Olson and Kaguni, 1992)

      The 3' to 5' exonuclease encoded provides a proof-reading function to enhance the fidelity of DNA synthesis during mitochondrial DNA replication.

      (Kaguni and Olson, 1989)

      A structural and mechanistic analysis of DNApol-γ125 and DNApol-γ35 demonstrates them to be both effective and accurate in the synthesis of DNA.

      (Kaguni et al., 1988)

      Comparison of the rate and specificity of DNA synthesis by DNApol-γ125 and DNApol-γ35 on several template primers, and an examination of the products of DNA synthesis has been carried out.

      (Wernette et al., 1988)

      DNApol-γ125 and DNApol-γ35 have been isolated and purified and their subunit structure and catalytic properties examined.

      (Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: tamas l(2)34Dc

      (Ashburner et al., 1999)

      Source for merge of: tamas anon-34Dc

      (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)
      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: tam CG8987

      (Guan, 1999.11)

      Source for identity of: PolG1 tam

      (Marygold et al., 2020)
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology

      The gene is named "tamas" (Sanskrit meaning "dark inertia") based on the mutant phenotype of a reduction in the larval response to light.

      (Iyengar et al., 1999)
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (50)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      34Dc
      (Bonfini et al., 1992)
      AAC47658
      (Burgers et al., 2001)
      BG:DS00941.6
      (Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)
      CG8987
      (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Ibaraki et al., 2021, Fukuoh et al., 2014, Humphrey et al., 2012, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008)
      D-pol γ-α
      (Lefai et al., 2000)
      DNApol-γ
      (Dusenbery and Smith, 1996, Williams and Kaguni, 1995, Williams et al., 1993)
      DNApol-γ125
      (Lewis et al., 1996, Ropp and Copeland, 1996, Olson et al., 1995, Olson and Kaguni, 1992, Kaguni and Olson, 1989, Kaguni et al., 1988, Wernette et al., 1988, Wernette and Kaguni, 1986)
      DmPOLγA
      (Kauppila et al., 2018, Bratic et al., 2015)
      DmPolγA
      (Siibak et al., 2017)
      MtPolA
      (Kaguni, 1996.6.27)
      POLG
      (Salminen and Vale, 2020)
      POLGα
      (Humphrey et al., 2012)
      POLγ
      (El Fissi et al., 2024)
      Pol γ
      (Ciesielski et al., 2015)
      PolG
      (Samstag et al., 2018)
      PolG1
      (Gundberg and Nance, 2025, Wang et al., 2025, Klucnika et al., 2023, Li et al., 2023, Ozaki et al., 2022, Pallanck, 2022.10.20, Marygold et al., 2020)
      Polg
      (Chen et al., 2012)
      PolgA
      (Simard et al., 2018)
      Polγ
      (Lecrenier et al., 1997)
      Polγ-α
      (Meng et al., 2017)
      Tam
      (Wang et al., 2012, Spresser et al., 2008)
      anon-34Dc
      (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)
      br5
      (Gubb et al., 1985)
      cDNA 2
      (Bonfini et al., 1992)
      l(2)34Dc
      (Pflumm and Botchan, 2001, Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Roote, 1998.5.15, Spradling et al., 1995, Gubb et al., 1990)
      l(2)br14
      (Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
      l(2)br5
      (Gubb et al., 1984, Ashburner et al., 1982, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
      l(2)brS
      (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna)
      mtDNA pol
      (Pflumm and Botchan, 2001)
      mtPolA
      (Lefai et al., 2000)
      pol γ
      (Oliveira and Kaguni, 2008)
      pol γ-α
      (Oliveira et al., 2015, Martínez-Azorín et al., 2013, Matsushima et al., 2010, Luo and Kaguni, 2005, Matsushima et al., 2004, Fan and Kaguni, 2001, Lefai et al., 2000, Lefai et al., 2000)
      polγ
      (Farr et al., 1999)
      polγ-α
      (Lefai et al., 2000)
      tam
      (Tsai et al., 2022, Ibaraki et al., 2021, Michalak et al., 2019, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Sarov et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2013, Izutsu et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Baqri et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Christensen and Cook, 2007.3.22, Scantlebury et al., 2007, De Lucia et al., 2005)
      tamas
      (El Fissi et al., 2024)
      Name Synonyms
      DNA polymerase gamma
      (Ropp, 1996.6.9)
      DNA polymerase gamma subunit 1
      (Marygold et al., 2020)
      DNA polymerase γ
      (Farr et al., 2004, Vontom and Kaguni, 1992)
      DNA polymerase γ 125kD
      Tamas
      (Zhang et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2012)
      catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase
      (Sanchez-Martinez et al., 2006)
      catalytic(α)subunit
      (Wang and Kaguni, 1999)
      lethal 14 in the black-reduced region
      (Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
      lethal 5 in the black-reduced region
      (Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979)
      lethal(2)34Dc
      mitochondrial γ polymerase
      (Mandavilli et al., 2002)
      mtDNA pol-γ
      (Tue et al., 2017)
      mtDNA polymerase α
      (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
      tamas
      (Andreazza et al., 2019, Sênos Demarco et al., 2019, Rodrigues et al., 2018, Siibak et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2016, Bratic et al., 2015, Fukuoh et al., 2014, Jõers et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2012, Humphrey et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2008, Scantlebury et al., 2007, Lefai et al., 2000, Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999)
      α subunit
      (Alahari et al., 1999)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0000476
      • FBgn0001960
      • FBgn0020604
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (148)