FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\sls
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\sls
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
sallimus
Annotation Symbol
CG1915
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0086906
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
sallimus (sls) encodes a large modular protein present in muscles. It links myosin filaments to the Z-disc. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

kettin, D-Titin, Titin, Ket, l(3)dre8

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-1.5
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:2039681..2115611
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Msp300; FB:FBgn0261836
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from expression pattern
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in myoblast fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Mlp84B; FB:FBgn0014863
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from expression pattern
inferred from expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in I band
inferred from direct assay
located_in sarcomere
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
located_in Z disc
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (Q9I7U4)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
sallimus (sls) encodes a large modular protein present in muscles. It links myosin filaments to the Z-disc. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Key component in the assembly and functioning of adult and embryonic striated muscles and muscle tendons. By providing connections at the level of individual microfilaments, it contributes to the fine balance of forces between the two halves of the sarcomere. The size and extensibility of the cross-links are the main determinants of sarcomere extensibility properties of muscle. In non-muscle cells, seems to play a role in chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Might link the lamina network to chromatin or nuclear actin, or both during interphase.
(UniProt, Q9I7U4)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(3)62Ca
Hemizygotes for seventeen of nineteen alleles die during the first larval instar; four of these show some escape into the second instar; two alleles cause lethality in the pupal-adult stage.
sls: sallimus (J.A. Kennison)
Dominant suppressor of the extra-sex-combs phenotype of heterozygous Pc alleles. Also suppresses the dominant extra-sex-combs phenotype of Pcl alleles.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
13
Number of Unique Polypeptides
13

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sls for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9I7U4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0072848
15263
4796
FBtr0309042
17268
4811
FBtr0332674
56489
18468
FBtr0332675
56405
18440
FBtr0332676
55436
18117
FBtr0332677
47528
15481
FBtr0332678
55136
18017
FBtr0332679
48944
15953
FBtr0332680
49523
16146
FBtr0332681
47519
15478
FBtr0332682
55178
18031
FBtr0332683
32960
10625
FBtr0332684
46550
15155
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

18.0, 14.5 (northern blot)

11.5 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0072727
540.7
4796
5.89
FBpp0301063
542.5
4811
5.88
FBpp0304920
2102.8
18468
4.66
FBpp0304921
2099.5
18440
4.66
FBpp0304922
2063.4
18117
4.66
FBpp0304923
1759.9
15481
4.65
FBpp0304924
2051.1
18017
4.66
FBpp0304925
1810.7
15953
4.70
FBpp0304926
1844.1
16146
4.70
FBpp0304927
1760.3
15478
4.64
FBpp0304928
2053.6
18031
4.66
FBpp0304929
1207.3
10625
4.81
FBpp0304930
1724.3
15155
4.64
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

4796 (aa); 540 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Msp300; this interaction mediates the recruitment of Msp300 to the Z-disks.

(UniProt, Q9I7U4)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sls using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.58

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

The 18kb Ket transcript is a minor species observed on northern blots.

Ket transcripts are first expressed at stage 11 in the mesoderm. They are expressed in most if not all muscles until the third instar larval stage. At stage 14, they are expressed in nearly all somatic, visceral, and pharyngeal muscles. Later they are expressed in muscle attachment sites.

Ket transcripts are first detected in early stage 11 embryos. Expression is observed mainly in the hindgut and posterior midgut invagination. By late stage 11, expression is observed throughout the mesoderm and can be seen in the progenitors to the pharyngeal muscles and salivary glands. By stage 12,13, the mesodermal pattern has resolved into a parasegmental pattern. By stage 13,14, expression is present in both somatic and visceral mesoderm.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

sls protein can be detected in scattered aggregates dispersed in the cytoplasm of muscle cell precursors as early at 30 hrs APF. By 48 hours sls, along with other myofibrillar proteins, have organized into Z-bands.

The protein is enriched at the membrane of fusion competent cells and primarily cytoplasmic in founder cells in the developing muscle system. In myotubes sls protein islocated near the points of contact with myoblasts.

Ket protein localizes to the nucleus during interphase and to the chromosomes during mitosis.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in I band
inferred from direct assay
located_in sarcomere
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
located_in Z disc
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sls in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 69 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sls
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sls
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 157 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 157 )
Gene disrupted in
Gene not disrupted in
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
indirect flight muscle & myofibril
indirect flight muscle & striated muscle thick filament
indirect flight muscle & Z disc
mitosis & nuclear chromosome
mitosis & nuclear chromosome (with sls110ry-)
mitosis & nuclear chromosome (with slse4)
mitosis & nuclear chromosome (with slsg65)
mitosis & nuclear chromosome (with slsj1D7)
muscle fiber & nucleus & embryo
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (117)
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
6  
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
4  
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
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No
No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1  
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
10  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
3  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
4  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF705F
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (67)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (74)
4 of 14
Yes
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (61)
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
No
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
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No
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1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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1 of 13
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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No
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No
1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (150)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
Yes
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No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (48)
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
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No
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No
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No
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Yes
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No
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No
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Yes
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No
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No
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (98)
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sls. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (85)
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Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 8 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with Msp300; this interaction mediates the recruitment of Msp300 to the Z-disks.
    (UniProt, Q9I7U4 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-1.5
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    62C2-62C4
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}dlt04276 and P{PZ}slsrL182
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    62C-62C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    62C1-62C2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation) 62C (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    62C1-62C1
    62C1-62C3
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    62C1-62C2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation) 62C3--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    62C1-62C2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    68B8-68F2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (20)
    Genomic Clones (32)
    cDNA Clones (64)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          tn, Actn, sls and Mlp84B act in concert to maintain the integrity and stability of Z-discs, thereby ensuring myofibril stability and optimal muscle function.

          ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          sls may be involved in the morphogenesis of leg imaginal discs, and it is necessary for condensation and separation of sister chromatids during mitosis.

          sls along with bt protein may determine most of the high passive stiffness of the indirect flight muscle that is necessary for stretch activation.

          sls is essential for the formation and maintenance of normal sarcomere structure of muscles and muscle tendons.

          Mutations in sls result in chromosome undercondensation, chromosome breakage, loss of diploidy and premature sister chromatid separation. Mutants also have defects in myoblast fusion and muscle organisation.

          sls has a role in myoblast fusion during myogenesis and later serves to organise myofilaments into the highly ordered arrays underlying skeletal muscle striation.

          maps to clone: DS07136

          Identification: Via an autoimmune serum from a scleroderma patient. During embryogenesis, sls RNA and protein accumulate in all the somatic and visceral muscles. Antisera made against two different domains of sls localize this portion of the protein to the Z-discs of both larval visceral and adult thoracic muscles by confocal microscopy.

          sls has been cloned and its expression pattern has been analysed. Isolated from a genomic library using human autoimmune scleroderma serum that identifies a chromosomal protein in human cells and Drosophila embryos.

          Identified in a screen for modifiers of the Dfd13/Dfd3 mutant phenotype. Shows no interaction with the Pc mutant phenotype.

          sls encodes a mitotic chromosomal epitope and is expressed in the somatic musculature during late embryogenesis.

          sls encodes a mitotic chromosomal epitope.

          Isolated from a screen of a cDNA expression library with a human CREST serum.

          sls is required for the function of other homeotic genes.

          Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes.

          Mutations of sls interact with Dfd to reduce the viability of the Dfd3/Dfd13 combination.

          Identified as the gene encoding the epitope for a monoclonal antibody, MAC155, that recognises the Z-discs of Drosophila and Lethocerus. The encoded protein may act as scaffolding in the Z-disc.

          Recessive lethal mutations in this complementation group were identified by failure to complement the recessive lethality of Df(3L)R-R2.

          sls is one of the 18 loci identified in a screen for dominant modifiers of Pc and/or Antp phenotypes.

          Hemizygotes for seventeen of nineteen alleles die during the first larval instar; four of these show some escape into the second instar; two alleles cause lethality in the pupal-adult stage.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: sls l(3)S002001

          Source for merge of: Ket Titin

          Source for merge of: Ket l(3)rL182 l(3)62Ca

          Source for merge of: sls Ket

          Source for merge of: sls CG18857

          Source for merge of: sls CG18242

          Additional comments

          FlyBase curator comment: Correspondence with author Sparrow confirmed that 'Salimus' is identical to 'sallimus' (CG1915).

          Annotations CG1915, CG18242 and CG18857 merged as CG1915 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Titin CG1915

          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          'sallimus' is Finnish for 'fate'.

          Named 'Kettin' after the German word 'Kette', meaning 'chain'.

          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (42)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG18245
          CG18857
          MCP
          anon-CREST
          sls
          (Janssens et al., 2025, Rommelaere et al., 2025, Zhang et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2023, Loreau et al., 2023, Yheskel et al., 2023, Zheng et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Wu et al., 2022, DeAngelis et al., 2021, Deng et al., 2021, Kao et al., 2021, McLaughlin et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Abbott et al., 2020, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Ghosh et al., 2020, Lecheta et al., 2020, Nikonova et al., 2020, Raghuraman et al., 2020, Ditzler et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2019, Maksimov and Koryakov, 2019, Nixon et al., 2019, Ariss et al., 2018, Palandri et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2018, González-Morales et al., 2017, Nakaoka et al., 2017, Nie et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Sarov et al., 2016, Firdaus et al., 2015, Oliva et al., 2015, Spletter et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Haye et al., 2014, Molnár et al., 2014, Oas et al., 2014, Pézeron et al., 2014, Weitkunat and Schnorrer, 2014, Bonn et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Vasanthi et al., 2013, Xiong and Zhou, 2013, Cingolani et al., 2012, Nir et al., 2012, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Jia and Huan, 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Sinenko et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Loevenich et al., 2009, Bai et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2008, Hudson et al., 2008, Petruk et al., 2008, Vázquez et al., 2008, Baker et al., 2007, Burkart et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Chang et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Clark et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Junion et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Xing et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Bullard et al., 2005, Lipatov et al., 2005, Leake et al., 2003)
          Name Synonyms
          D-Titin/Kettin
          Dtitin
          Mitotic Chromosomal Protein
          lethal (3) S002001
          lethal(3)62Ca
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0003432
          • FBgn0002186
          • FBgn0010396
          • FBgn0010850
          • FBgn0011512
          • FBgn0015898
          • FBgn0020409
          • FBgn0024279
          • FBgn0035301
          • FBgn0035302
          • FBgn0042183
          • FBgn0028238
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 160 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (291)