FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\me31B

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\me31B

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

maternal expression at 31B

Annotation Symbol

CG4916

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0004419

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

13 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

RNA helicase (3.6.4.13)

Gene Summary

ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a core component of a variety of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) that play critical roles in translational repression and mRNA decapping during embryogenesis, oogenesis, neurogenesis and neurotransmission (PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742, PubMed:17178403, PubMed:17982591, PubMed:18590813, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:21447556, PubMed:28388438, PubMed:28875934, PubMed:31114929). Recruits core components and translational repressors to some RNP complexes, and mediates RNP aggregation into processing granules such as P-bodies (PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742, PubMed:17178403, PubMed:17982591, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:21447556, PubMed:28875934). As part of a RNP complex containing tral, eIF4E1, cup, and pAbp, involved in RNP-mediated translational repression of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis and embryogenesis (PubMed:28875934). As part of a RNP complex containing tral and the RNA localization factors exu and yps, mediates translational silencing of mRNAs such as osk/oskar and bcd/bicoid during their transport to the oocyte in order to prevent their translation until they reach their positional destinations (PubMed:11546740). In neurons and possibly imaginal disks, involved in miRNA-mediated translational repression, possibly in association with components of the piRNA transposon silencing pathway (PubMed:17178403, PubMed:17982591, PubMed:21081899, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:21447556). Involved in RNA localization and protein trafficking in the oocyte (PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742). As part of an ER-associated RNP containing tral, cup and yps, required for tral-dependent ER exit site formation and consequently efficient trafficking of proteins such as grk and yl through the secretory pathway (PubMed:16256742). Component of neuron RNPs that mediate transport and translation of neuronal RNAs, including translation repression of synaptic transcripts in preparation for their dendritic targeting (PubMed:17178403, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:28388438). As part of the Atx2-Not1 repressor complex promotes Not1-dependent post-transcriptional gene silencing in adult circadian pacemaker neurons in order to sustain high-amplitude circadian rhythms and Pdf cycling in a per-independent manner (PubMed:28388438). Promotes the interaction between Atx2 and Not1 within the Atx2-Not1 RNP complex (PubMed:28388438). Recruited to the 4EHP-GYF2 complex by Gyf, where it plays a role in 4EHP-GYF2 mediated translational repression and mRNA decay (PubMed:31114929). (UniProt, P23128)

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All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(2)k06607

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

31B1-31B1

Sequence location

2L:10,239,341..10,242,172 [+]

Recombination map

2-40

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:10239341..10242172

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (34 terms)

Molecular Function (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ruscica et al., 2019)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q7KQM6

(Peter et al., 2019, Ruscica et al., 2019)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8IH18

(Peter et al., 2019)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VEN9

(Peter et al., 2019)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P28750

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VTZ0

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VVI2

(Tritschler et al., 2007)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:M9PF20

(Barbee et al., 2006)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9NFU0

(Barbee et al., 2006)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:papi; FB:FBgn0031401

(Liu et al., 2011)

enables RNA binding

inferred from direct assay

(Chekulaeva et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011545

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables mRNA binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004651220

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables nucleic acid binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011545

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables RNA helicase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR014014

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (16 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ge-1; FB:FBgn0283682

(Eulalio et al., 2009)

involved_in deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

inferred from direct assay

(Nishihara et al., 2013)

involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jia et al., 2015)

involved_in habituation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(McCann et al., 2011)

involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Barbee et al., 2006)

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ge-1; FB:FBgn0283682

(Eulalio et al., 2009)

involved_in negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Barbee et al., 2006)

involved_in P-body assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Eulalio et al., 2007)

involved_in pole cell formation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tud; FB:FBgn0003891

(Thomson et al., 2008)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:vas; FB:FBgn0283442

(Thomson et al., 2008)

involved_in positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process

inferred from direct assay

(Nishihara et al., 2013)

involved_in positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

involved_in regulation of defense response to virus

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Moy et al., 2014)

involved_in regulation of neuron projection arborization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Barbee et al., 2006)

involved_in regulation of olfactory learning

inferred from mutant phenotype

(McCann et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in negative regulation of translation

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002777617

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in P-body assembly

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002777617

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in stress granule assembly

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002777617

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (11 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule

inferred from direct assay

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

is_active_in cytoplasmic stress granule

inferred from direct assay

(Ricolo et al., 2025)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Lin et al., 2008)

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

colocalizes_with endoplasmic reticulum exit site

inferred from direct assay

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

located_in neuronal cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

located_in neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010, Barbee et al., 2006)

is_active_in P granule

inferred from direct assay

(Lim et al., 2009)

located_in P granule

inferred from direct assay

(Liu et al., 2011, Thomson et al., 2008)

is_active_in P-body

inferred from direct assay

(Ricolo et al., 2025, Cauchi et al., 2010)

located_in P-body

inferred from direct assay

(Fan et al., 2011, Eulalio et al., 2007, Liu and Gall, 2007)

inferred from direct assay

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

located_in postsynapse

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

located_in sensory dendrite

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasmic stress granule

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002777617

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in P-body

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002777617

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DEAD-BOX RNA HELICASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX6/DHH1 subfamily. (P23128)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

RNA helicase activity

ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (3.6.4.13)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

DEAD-BOX RNA HELICASES -: DEAD-box RNA helicases belong to helicase superfamily 2 (SF2). They are characterized by the presence of nine conserved helicase motifs, including the DEAD sequence in motif II. (Adapted from PMID:21509200.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, P23128)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

A DEAD-box helicase, part of a ribonuclear protein complex, that restricts translation of oocyte-localizing RNAs - in neurons Me31B acts to promote translational repression and/or mRNA degradation in response to miRNAs

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\me31B for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P23128)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

6S8R

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

me31B-RA

FBtr0079975

NM_078809

1699

459

me31B-RB

FBtr0079976

NM_164898

1600

428

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

me31B-PA

FBpp0079565

51.9

459

7.71

FBpp0079566

48.6

428

8.06

NP_723539

AAN10728

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Conserved component of different types of multiprotein ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) that form distinct germ granules (P-body, nuage, sponge body or polar granules) and P-body-like neuronal RNPs (PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742, PubMed:18590813, PubMed:18765641, PubMed:19285948, PubMed:28388438). Consequently it interacts with a wide variety of proteins, some of which appear to be common interactive partners in almost all RNPs types i.e. cup and tral, whereas other interactions are specific to a germ granule/RNP (PubMed:28945271). Core functional components in me31B-containing RNPs include RNA regulatory proteins (such as translational repressor, RNA-decapping and exonuclease proteins), RNA localization proteins and additional proteins depending on the biological context of the RNPs (PubMed:17178403, PubMed:28945271). In the P-body RNPs, interacts with at least the translation repressor proteins tral, cup and Edc3, and the mRNA localization factor yps (PubMed:16256742, PubMed:18590813, PubMed:18765641, PubMed:19285948). Interaction with tral or Edc3 is required for translation repression and possibly RNA decapping; binding to tral and Edc3 is mutually exclusive (PubMed:18765641, PubMed:19285948). In the nuage and germ plasm polar granule RNPs, interacts with at least tral, cup, and additional proteins required for assembly and function of the germ granules such as tud, vas and aub (PubMed:18590813, PubMed:18765641, PubMed:19285948, PubMed:28945271). Interacts (when dimethylated on Arg residues) with tud; interaction is RNA-independent (PubMed:28945271). Component of the osk RNP complex, which is composed of at least me31B, exu, yps, aret/bruno, cup, and the mRNA of osk (PubMed:10662770). Component of the nanos RNP complex, which is composed of at least smg, cup, tral, me31B, the CCR4-NOT complex members Rga/NOT2 and Caf1-55, and the mRNA of nanos (nos) (PubMed:21081899). Interacts with tral and piRNA pathway components papi and AGO3; promotes interaction between nuage RNPs and the piRNA-mediated transposon silencing (PubMed:21447556). Forms a RNP containing at least me31B, eIF4E1, cup, tral and pAbp; this interaction is required for the translational silencing of maternal mRNAs during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (PubMed:28875934). In the sponge body, forms a RNP containing at least me31B, exu, yps and the mRNA of osk; interactions with exu and yps are RNA dependent (PubMed:11546740). Component of a neuronal RNP, at least composed of me31B, tral and Fmr1 (PubMed:17178403). Component of the Atx2-Not1 repressor complex, composed of at least me31B, Atx2, tyf and pAbp (PubMed:28388438). Interacts (via the C-terminus) with Atx2, tyf, pAbp and Lsm12a (PubMed:28388438). Interacts (via RecA-like domain 2) with 4EHP-GYF2 complex member Gyf (via the me31B binding motif) (PubMed:31114929, PubMed:31439631). Interacts with 4E-T, Edc3 and Patr-1 (PubMed:31439631).

(UniProt, P23128)

Post Translational Modification

Symmetrically dimethylated on arginine residues.

(UniProt, P23128)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

6S8R

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P23128

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\me31B using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

me31B_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.30

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 4

organism | uniform

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

adult stage

adult brain | ubiquitous

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

adult antennal lobe projection neuron

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

bilateral local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

Kenyon cell

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

adult glial cell

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

adult stage | female & oogenesis

oocyte

• cytoplasm | granular

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

nurse cell

• cytoplasm | granular

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

ovary

• cytoplasm | granular

Comment: present in P-bodies

(Schaefer et al., 2010)

adult stage | male & spermatogenesis

primary spermatocyte

• P-body

(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)

spermatogonium

• P-body

(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | female

ovary

(Pisa et al., 2009)

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

me31B is ubiquitously expressed in the adult brain. Closer examination in antennal lobes shows punctate expression in cell bodies and in the synaptic neuropil. Expression is observed in projection neurons, local interneurons, and mushroom body Kenyon cells. me31B is also strongly expressed in glial cells which send processes into the antennal lobe.

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

The me31B protein is present in discrete cytoplasmic P-body granules. The number of me31B labeled foci increases upon heat shock.

(Schaefer et al., 2010)

me31B protein is localized to cytoplasmic foci in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. me31B is colocalized with pcm and DCP1 protein in the cytoplasmic foci.

(Zabolotskaya et al., 2008)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule

inferred from direct assay

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

is_active_in cytoplasmic stress granule

inferred from direct assay

(Ricolo et al., 2025)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Lin et al., 2008)

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

colocalizes_with endoplasmic reticulum exit site

inferred from direct assay

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from direct assay

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

located_in neuronal cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

located_in neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010, Barbee et al., 2006)

is_active_in P granule

inferred from direct assay

(Lim et al., 2009)

located_in P granule

inferred from direct assay

(Liu et al., 2011, Thomson et al., 2008)

is_active_in P-body

inferred from direct assay

(Ricolo et al., 2025, Cauchi et al., 2010)

located_in P-body

inferred from direct assay

(Fan et al., 2011, Eulalio et al., 2007, Liu and Gall, 2007)

inferred from direct assay

(Wilhelm et al., 2005)

located_in postsynapse

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

located_in sensory dendrite

inferred from direct assay

(Hillebrand et al., 2010)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{PTT-GB}me31B^CB05282

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis

oocyte

(Cauchi et al., 2010)

nurse cell

(Cauchi et al., 2010)

Reporter: PBac{806.LOX-SVS-2}me31B^CPTI003927

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\me31B in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\me31B

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\me31B

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0004419

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34364/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0004419

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004419

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0004419

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4916

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0004419

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 20 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of me31B

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of me31B

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2L)J2

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Exel6026

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2L)J2

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | recessive

me31B^k06607

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

me31B^GD11470

viable

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

me31B^GD11470

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal learning, with Scer\GAL4^GH146

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^cry.PE

me31B^NIG.4916R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf

me31B^NIG.4916R

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

melanotic mass phenotype, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

me31B^HM05052

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

me31B^GD11470

wild-type

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

egg chamber | germline clone

fat body, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

me31B^HM05052

germline cell | germline clone

melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

me31B^HM05052

nurse cell & nucleus | germ-line clone

oocyte | germline clone

ring canal | germline clone

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (30)

Hsap\DDX6

13 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)

Rnor\Ddx6

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)

Mmus\Ddx6

12 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)

Xtro\ddx6

11 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (19)

Drer\ddx6

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\ddx61

11 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (25)

Cele\cgh-1

14 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (25)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP009135

12 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (44)

Atha\RH8

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G45810

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G61240

12 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (19)

Scer\DHH1

13 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (9)

Spom\ste13

12 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (4)

Ecol\deaD

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\rhlE

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\dbpA

1 of 11

Ecol\srmB

1 of 11

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:me31B. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (30)

CG7483

4 of 13

eIF4A

4 of 13

Dbp45A

3 of 13

ais

2 of 13

bel

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

pit

2 of 13

Prp5

2 of 13

pths

2 of 13

Rm62

2 of 13

Rs1

2 of 13

vas

2 of 13

abs

1 of 13

CG9143

1 of 13

CG14443

1 of 13

Ddx1

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

DDX6; DEAD-box helicase 6

13 of 14

600326

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH IMPAIRED LANGUAGE AND DYSMORPHIC FACIES; IDDILF

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

me31B - UbcE2H

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, full identification by RNA sequencing

(Zavortink et al., 2020)

me31B - grk

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(McDermott et al., 2012)

me31B - msl-2

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Graindorge et al., 2013)

me31B - nanos

pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Götze et al., 2017, Jeske et al., 2011)

me31B - osk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Tanaka et al., 2021, Flora et al., 2018)

me31B - pgc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Flora et al., 2018)

me31B - tral

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, cross-linking study

(McCambridge et al., 2020, Götze et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Haas et al., 2010, Tritschler et al., 2009, Tritschler et al., 2008, Wilhelm et al., 2005)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

me31B

aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Sankaranarayanan et al., 2021)

me31B - 4E-T

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Peter et al., 2019)

me31B - Atx2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Lee et al., 2017)

me31B - BicC

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kugler et al., 2009)

me31B - Edc3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Peter et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2017, Haas et al., 2010, Tritschler et al., 2009, Jinek et al., 2008, Tritschler et al., 2008, Tritschler et al., 2007)

me31B - Fmr1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Fajner et al., 2021)

me31B - Gyf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, western blot, x-ray crystallography

(Peter et al., 2019, Ruscica et al., 2019)

me31B - Hecw

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Fajner et al., 2021)

me31B - Hou

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot, cross-linking study

(Briney et al., 2025)

me31B - LSm1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Haas et al., 2010)

me31B - LSm7

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Haas et al., 2010)

me31B - Lsm12a

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2017)

me31B - Mad1

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

me31B - Mkrn1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Dold et al., 2020)

me31B - Not1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2017)

me31B - PAN3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Tang et al., 2023, Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

me31B - Patr-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Peter et al., 2019, Sgromo et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Haas et al., 2010, Jäger and Dorner, 2010)

me31B - Pur-α

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Aumiller et al., 2012)

me31B - RanBPM

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot

(Briney et al., 2025, Zavortink et al., 2020)

me31B - RpL10Ab

pull down, western blot

(Antic et al., 2015)

me31B - Sxl

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Graindorge et al., 2013)

me31B - aub

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Zheng et al., 2016)

me31B - bru1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Nakamura et al., 2004)

me31B - cry

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Cusumano et al., 2019)

me31B - cup

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Salgania et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2017, Igreja and Izaurralde, 2011, Kugler et al., 2009, Nakamura et al., 2004)

me31B - eIF4E1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, peptide massfingerprinting

(Layana et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2017, Nakamura et al., 2004)

me31B - eIF4E3

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy

(Layana et al., 2023)

me31B - eIF4EHP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ruscica et al., 2019)

me31B - exu

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Nakamura et al., 2004, Nakamura et al., 2001)

me31B - gnu

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Avilés-Pagán et al., 2021)

me31B - muskelin

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Briney et al., 2025)

me31B - orb

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Fajner et al., 2021, Wong et al., 2011)

me31B - osk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Tanaka et al., 2021, Flora et al., 2018)

me31B - pAbp

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lee et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017)

me31B - papi

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Liu et al., 2011)

me31B - png

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Hara et al., 2018)

me31B - tral

(McCambridge et al., 2020, Götze et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Haas et al., 2010, Tritschler et al., 2009, Tritschler et al., 2008, Wilhelm et al., 2005)

me31B - tud

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(DeHaan et al., 2017, Zheng et al., 2016, Thomson et al., 2008)

me31B - tyf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2017)

me31B - vas

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(McCambridge et al., 2020)

me31B - yps

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Wilhelm et al., 2005, Nakamura et al., 2004, Nakamura et al., 2001)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

me31B

enhanceable

Atx2

(Lee et al., 2017)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

BicC

enhanceable

me31B

(Snee and Macdonald, 2009)

brat

enhanceable

me31B

(Komori et al., 2018)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, P23128 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

60455

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0004419

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

34364

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

RNA degradation

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-40

Cytogenetic map

31B1-31B1

Sequence location

2L:10,239,341..10,242,172 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

31B1-31B1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}me31B^k06607 and P{PZ}nmd⁰⁸⁷⁷⁴

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

31B1-31B2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

31B1-31B2

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

31B-31D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(de Valoir et al., 1991)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-40

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-34.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (13)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

28566

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HM05052}attP2

38923

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL00695}attP40/CyO

51530

y¹ w^*; P{PTT-GB}me31B^CB05282

10635

y¹ w^67c23; P{lacW}me31B^k06607/CyO

33675

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00539}attP2

Kyoto

115460

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{806.LOX-SVS-2}me31B^CPTI003927

NIG-Fly

4916R-1

P{NIG.4916R}1

4916R-2

P{NIG.4916R}2

M2L-2953

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; me31B^SK5 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-2328

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-me31B.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v49378

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD11470}v49378

v49379

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD11470}v49379/CyO

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (18)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (170)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD21247

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0004419

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0004419

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Briney et al., 2025, Broyer et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2017, Igreja and Izaurralde, 2011, Nakamura et al., 2001)

monoclonal

(Na et al., 2016)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

During early oogenesis, loss of me31B function causes premature translation of oocyte-localising RNAs within nurse cells, without affecting their transport to the oocyte.

(Nakamura et al., 2001)

me31B has been cloned, sequenced and its expression pattern analysed.

(de Valoir et al., 1991)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: me31B l(2)k06607

(Spradling et al., 1999)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG4916

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Caizzi et al., 2016, Çiçek et al., 2016, Na et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Graindorge et al., 2013, Jäger and Dorner, 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009, Pisa et al., 2009, Shpargel et al., 2009, Haussmann et al., 2008, Hughes et al., 2008, Duncan et al., 2006, Nakahara et al., 2005)

DDX6

(Kondo and Perrimon, 2011)

Dhh1p/Me31b

(Seydoux and Braun, 2006)

DmRH3

(Boudet et al., 2001)

ME31B

(Chen et al., 2024, Zavortink et al., 2020, Cusumano et al., 2019, Lefebvre and Lécuyer, 2018, Wang et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2011, Schaefer et al., 2010, Chicoine et al., 2007, Monzo et al., 2007, Monzo et al., 2006, Boudet et al., 2001, Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1996, Sluss et al., 1996, de Valoir et al., 1991, de Valoir et al., 1990)

Mat31B

(Hughes et al., 2008)

Me31B

(Milano et al., 2025, Ricolo et al., 2025, Bayer et al., 2024, Bose et al., 2024, Petrauskas et al., 2024, Rangone et al., 2024, Salgania et al., 2024, Bayer et al., 2023, Tang et al., 2023, Wilby and Weil, 2023, Wippich et al., 2023, Pushpalatha et al., 2022, Baker et al., 2021, Formicola et al., 2021, Tanaka et al., 2021, Wang and Lin, 2021, Dold et al., 2020, Sankaranarayanan and Weil, 2020, Hanet et al., 2019, Komori et al., 2018, Swevers et al., 2018, Broyer et al., 2017, Sgromo et al., 2017, Specchia et al., 2017, Trovisco et al., 2016, Zheng et al., 2016, Li et al., 2014, Lye et al., 2014, Sudhakaran et al., 2014, Temme et al., 2014, Graindorge et al., 2013, Nishihara et al., 2013, Pinder and Smibert, 2013, Aumiller et al., 2012, Braun et al., 2012, Gamberi and Lasko, 2012, Kibanov et al., 2012, McDermott et al., 2012, Vazquez-Pianzola and Suter, 2012, Fan et al., 2011, Lindquist et al., 2011, McCann et al., 2011, Wong et al., 2011, Cauchi et al., 2010, Haas et al., 2010, Hillebrand et al., 2010, Jäger and Dorner, 2010, Temme et al., 2010, Eulalio et al., 2009, Kugler et al., 2009, Lim et al., 2009, Navarro et al., 2009, Pisa et al., 2009, Shpargel et al., 2009, Szakmary et al., 2009, Tritschler et al., 2009, Jinek et al., 2008, Tritschler et al., 2008, Zabolotskaya et al., 2008, Eulalio et al., 2007, Eulalio et al., 2007, Liu and Gall, 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Tritschler et al., 2007, Barbee et al., 2006, Chekulaeva et al., 2006, Lin et al., 2006, Wilhelm and Sayles, 2005, Wilhelm et al., 2005, Minshall and Standart, 2004, Nakamura et al., 2002, Nakamura et al., 2001, Eisen et al., 1998)

Me31b

(Fabre et al., 2016, Olivieri et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2009, Nie et al., 2009, Lin et al., 2008, Roper, 2007, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Valencia-Sanchez et al., 2006)

l(2)k06607

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

me31B

(Duan et al., 2025, Kara et al., 2023, Congleton et al., 2022, Rounds et al., 2022, Zhang et al., 2022, Dufourt et al., 2021, Kao et al., 2021, Sureka and Mishra, 2021, York-Andersen et al., 2021, McCambridge et al., 2020, Taschuk et al., 2020, Fingerhut et al., 2019, Greenblatt et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Flora et al., 2018, Hara et al., 2018, Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Lee et al., 2017, Cao et al., 2016, Catrina et al., 2016, Davidson et al., 2016, Na et al., 2016, Hsu et al., 2015, Jia et al., 2015, Kwong et al., 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Hughes et al., 2014, Moy et al., 2014, Sudhakaran et al., 2014, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, McCue and Slotkin, 2012, Jeske et al., 2011, Lindquist et al., 2011, Müller et al., 2010, Ulvila et al., 2010, Moore et al., 2009, Reich et al., 2009, Snee and Macdonald, 2009, Snee and Macdonald, 2009, Fisher et al., 2008, Thomson et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Wong et al., 2007)

me31b

(Ugrankar et al., 2015)

Name Synonyms

Maternal expression at 31B

(Vazquez-Pianzola and Suter, 2012, Liu et al., 2011, Gouw et al., 2009, Pisa et al., 2009, Thomson et al., 2008)

maternal expression at 31B

(Temme et al., 2010)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0022123

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 49 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

34364

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P23128

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P23128

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P23128

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0004419

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34364/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0004419

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0004419

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0004419

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG4916

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

34364

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

6S8R

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

60455

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0004419

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0004419

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0004419

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

me31B_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004419

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0004419

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4916

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0004419

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0004419

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC007938

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

RNA degradation

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

34364

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease

References (235)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.30

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