FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\psq
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\psq
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pipsqueak
Annotation Symbol
CG2368
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263102
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
pipsqueak (psq) encodes a transcription factor that regulates chromatin silencing. It mediates the interaction of Polycomb group (Pc-G) members with Pc-G response elements. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

eyeful, rumpf, BTB-V, psk, rum

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-62
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:10557888..10617280
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007889
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
non-traceable author statement
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
pipsqueak (psq) encodes a transcription factor that regulates chromatin silencing. It mediates the interaction of Polycomb group (Pc-G) members with Pc-G response elements. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
POLYCOMB GROUP RECRUITERS/DNA-BINDING PROTEINS -
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators, best characterized for the repression of Hox gene expression. In Drosophila, PcG proteins repress their target genes by binding to specific DNA elements called Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). PcG DNA binding proteins contribute to the recruitment of Polycomb complexes to PREs. (Adapted from FBrf0228921).
PIPSQUEAK TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Pipsqueak transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. These family members are characterized by a heix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain called Psq domain, which consists of four tandem repeats of a conserved 50-amino acid sequence, the Psq motif. (Adapted from FBrf0148954 and FBrf0105267).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

BTB domain & Psq motif transcription factor that targets a Polycomb group protein complex to Polycomb response elements - epigenetic silencers Lola and Pipsqueak collaborate with Notch to promote malignant tumours by Rb silencing

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
15
Number of Unique Polypeptides
9

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\psq for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A6M3Q7H0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Double stop-codon suppression (UGA, UGA) postulated; FBrf0243886.

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0088276
5313
1046
FBtr0088275
5367
1064
FBtr0088282
5210
1064
FBtr0088278
4725
645
FBtr0088277
4464
645
FBtr0088279
4780
645
FBtr0088280
4513
645
FBtr0088281
4550
645
FBtr0100606
4889
639
FBtr0100607
4640
639
FBtr0330607
6336
1123
FBtr0346958
6336
1043
FBtr0479799
6336
1170
FBtr0479800
4725
725
FBtr0479801
4725
772
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

6.0, 5.1, 4.4 (northern blot)

5.7, 5.0, >7.0 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0087369
113.0
1046
6.75
FBpp0087368
115.0
1064
6.73
FBpp0089330
115.0
1064
6.73
FBpp0087371
70.3
645
6.79
FBpp0087370
70.3
645
6.79
FBpp0087372
70.3
645
6.79
FBpp0087373
70.3
645
6.79
FBpp0087374
70.3
645
6.79
FBpp0100066
69.7
639
6.79
FBpp0100067
69.7
639
6.79
FBpp0303457
119.8
1123
6.87
FBpp0312422
112.6
1043
6.75
FBpp0428132
125.5
1170
6.95
FBpp0428133
77.6
725
7.01
FBpp0428134
83.3
772
7.13
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

645 aa isoforms: psq-PD, psq-PE, psq-PF, psq-PG, psq-PH
1064 aa isoforms: psq-PB, psq-PC
639 aa isoforms: psq-PJ, psq-PK
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1065 (aa); 150 (kD observed)

1085, 666, 660, 535 (aa)

Comments

Downstream from the BTB (or POZ) domain, the psq+P1065 protein contains 34 alternating histidine residues, (HX)n,which may act as an additional protein-protein interaction domain. The psq protein also contains a 52-55 amino acid motif tandemly repated four times at the C terminus, which the authors call "the psq motif". The function of the evolutionarily conserved psq motif is unknown. The putative product of the psq+R4.4 transcript lacks both the BTB and (HX)n motifs, but still posesses the psq motifs.

The BTB-domain is predicted for the products of

the class A transcripts (psq+R7.0A1 and psq+R7.0A2) only,

psq+P1085 and psq+P535.

one of several products generated by alternative splicing

External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\psq using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.06

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states 0-2 hr AEL

Additional Descriptive Data

psq transcripts are first distributed uniformly in the embryo. At stage 5 transcript accumulation is observed dorsally between 20 and 70% egg length. In addition to a low level uniform expression, high levels of psq transcripts are found through stage 7/8 in the dorso-anterior domain and in the amnioserosa (detected with an intronic probe). In later stages, expression is detected in the mandibular, maxillary, and labial lobes.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

psq protein localizes to the nucleus.

The psq protein localizes to the nuclei of somatic and germ cells during oogenesis.

In the eye-antennal disc psq protein localizes to ommatidial precluster cells, with highest levels in R3 and R4. In the larval wing disc, in addition to the overall low expression, there is a region of high psq protein expression in the wing blade primordium.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\psq in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 88 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of psq
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of psq
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 13 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult head & macrochaeta
adult thorax & macrochaeta
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (36)
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (24)
2 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (25)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (25)
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (26)
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (40)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:psq. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (31)
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2R
Recombination map
2-62
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
47A13-47B1
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}lola00349&P{EP}lolaEP952 and P{lacW}l(2)k00909k00909&P{EP}EP2619EP2619
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
47B1-47B4
47A10-47A12
47B-47B
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
47A10-47A12
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
47B1-47B4
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
47A-47A
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (66)
Genomic Clones (26)
cDNA Clones (130)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

      Genetic interaction data suggest that psq may have a role in control of homeotic gene activity.

      Identification: as a suppressor of the small eye phenotype caused by overexpression of fng in the eye.

      'eyeful' mutant interacts genetically with N and fng though it is not yet clear whether 'eyeful' corresponds to lola or psq.

      psq has been cloned and molecularly characterised. psq is a complex gene encoding multiple differentially spliced transcripts and several protein isoforms.

      P{PZ} insertion within an intron causes an aberrant splicing and transcription termination event due to l(3)87Df sequences flanking the HindIII ry fragment within the P{PZ} element. The aberrant splicing event is entirely responsible for the mutant phenotype.

      High level expression of psq is svp-dependent and thus psq might be acting downstream of svp for the development of photoreceptor cells 3 and 4. psq is also required for the development of other adult structures.

      The psq gene is a member of the posterior group of genes and is required for early stages of oogenesis, acting at least partly through vas.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: psq zep

      Source for merge of: psq BtbV

      Source for merge of: psq rum

      Additional comments

      Source for merge of psq BtbV was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: psq CG2368

      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      BtbV
      psq
      (Martinez, 2025, Bamgbose and Tulin, 2024, Saha et al., 2023, Yang et al., 2023, Yheskel et al., 2023, Enomoto and Igaki, 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Khan et al., 2021, Lam Wong and Verheyen, 2021, Slaidina et al., 2021, Bravo González-Blas et al., 2020, Şahin et al., 2020, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2019-, Umer et al., 2019, Whittle and Extavour, 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Eichenlaub et al., 2018, Sadasivam and Huang, 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Carbone et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Morimoto et al., 2016, Quijano et al., 2016, Testa and Dworkin, 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Duff et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Ríos-Barrera et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Boyle et al., 2014, Herranz et al., 2014, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Cui et al., 2013, Antao et al., 2012, Aoki et al., 2012, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Mackay et al., 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Spokony and White, 2012.11.14, Takahashi et al., 2012, Zhai et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Grillo et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Miles et al., 2011, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Blanco et al., 2010, Guenin et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Nilton et al., 2010, Reis et al., 2010, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Yassin et al., 2010, Bossuyt et al., 2009, Courbard et al., 2009, Morozova et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.9.3, Christensen et al., 2008.9.3, Weber et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2007, Axelson, 2006, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Liebl et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Huang et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001, Hodgson et al., 2001)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0069087
      • FBgn0004399
      • FBgn0012047
      • FBgn0045853
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 146 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (232)