FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\tsr

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\tsr

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

twinstar

Annotation Symbol

CG4254

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0011726

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

27 publicly available

Gene Summary

Exhibits F-actin depolymerizing activity and regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics (PubMed:21205790). Required for cytokinesis in both mitotic and meiotic cells and for aster migration and separation (PubMed:8522587). Promotes cell motility during ovary development and oogenesis (PubMed:11175754). During larval development, required for the cell rearrangement needed for formation of terminal filaments which are stacks of somatic cells that are important for the initiation of ovarioles (PubMed:11175754). Also required for border cell migration during oogenesis (PubMed:11175754). During border cell migration, required for actin turnover and lamellipodial protrusion (PubMed:21205790). Required for the establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP) where cells adopt a uniform orientation within the plane of an epithelium (PubMed:16571634). During establishment of PCP, required for the redistribution of the PCP core proteins fz and stan/fmi to the proximodistal cell boundary (PubMed:16571634). During pupal development, required for elongation of the retinal cell body and for rhabdomere morphogenesis (PubMed:18423434). Required for mushroom body neuroblast proliferation and axon growth (PubMed:15572110). Plays a role in the positive regulation of protein secretion (PubMed:20026655). Plays a role in the regulation of nuclear localization of actin (PubMed:22323606). Required for the maintenance of epithelial integrity by controlling cell junctions and is also necessary for cell survival and tissue growth through regulation of JNK and yki signaling (PubMed:27041568). (UniProt, P45594)

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All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

cofilin, ntf, l(2)k05633, DmCFL, ADF

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

60B5-60B5

Sequence location

2R:24,044,453..24,046,805 [-]

Recombination map

2-106

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:24044453..24046805

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (30 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables actin binding

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Edwards et al., 1994)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables actin binding

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003973

(Edwards et al., 1994)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P23528

(Edwards et al., 1994)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002108

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables actin filament binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000227258

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (24 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (21 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actin filament depolymerization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2011)

involved_in actin filament organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Medina et al., 2008, Baum and Perrimon, 2001)

involved_in actin filament polymerization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Rogers et al., 2003)

involved_in axonogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

involved_in border follicle cell migration

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2001)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2011)

involved_in centrosome separation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

involved_in compound eye development

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:mbt; FB:FBgn0025743

(Menzel et al., 2007)

involved_in compound eye morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pham et al., 2008)

involved_in epithelial structure maintenance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ko et al., 2016)

involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Blair et al., 2006)

involved_in establishment of ommatidial planar polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Blair et al., 2006)

involved_in establishment of planar polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Blair et al., 2006)

involved_in female gonad development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2001)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Blair et al., 2006)

involved_in lamellipodium assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2011)

involved_in meiotic cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

involved_in mitotic cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Somma et al., 2002)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

involved_in mushroom body development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

involved_in positive regulation of protein secretion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(von Blume et al., 2009)

involved_in regulation of lamellipodium assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Iwasa and Mullins, 2007)

involved_in rhabdomere development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pham et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actin filament depolymerization

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017904

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in actin filament fragmentation

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000227261

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in actin filament severing

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000227259

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in actomyosin contractile ring assembly

traceable author statement

(Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2002)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

located_in nucleoplasm

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in actin cytoskeleton

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000227258

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in actin cytoskeleton

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017904

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000227258

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. (P45594)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, P45594)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Drosophila cofilin - actin-depolymerizing and actin-severing protein - essential for neuronal axon growth

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\tsr for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P45594)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

2MV2
8OH4

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

tsr-RA

FBtr0072188

NM_057686

735

148

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

0.8-0.9 (northern blot)

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

0.7 (longest cDNA)

(Edwards et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

tsr-PA

FBpp0072097

17.2

148

7.24

P45594

NP_477034

AAF47146

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

17 (aa); 148 (kD)

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

148 (aa)

(Edwards et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase LIMK1 (PubMed:20026655). Phosphorylation is required for inactivation of tsr and for cell proliferation and axon growth (PubMed:15572110). Phosphorylation is negatively regulated by the panthothenate kinase fbl which catalyzes the first step in the conversion of panthothenic acid to coenzyme A (PubMed:22912811).

Dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase ssh which activates tsr.

(UniProt, P45594)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

2MV2
8OH4

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P45594

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tsr using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

tsr_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.50

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

Additional Descriptive Data

tsr transcript is detected throughout development, with peaks of expression in late larval and pupal stages.

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

macrochaeta

(Grintsevich et al., 2016)

oogenesis stage S9 -- S10

nurse cell

(Zhang et al., 2011)

follicle cell

Comment: epithelium

(Zhang et al., 2011)

border follicle cell

(Zhang et al., 2011)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

In stage S9,10 egg chambers, total tsr staining is strong in nurse cells and follicle epithelium, while phosphorylated tsr is strong in nurse cell cytoplasm and ring canals but weak in the follicular epithelium. Both are present in border cells but in distinct patterns. Total tsr is present in an asymmetric pattern with more staining at the leading edge while phosphorylated tsr staining is uniform.

(Zhang et al., 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

located_in nucleoplasm

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: PBac{754.P.FSVS-0}tsr^CPTI002237

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\tsr in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\tsr

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\tsr

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

37841/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0011726

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0011726

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0011726

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0011726

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 38 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tsr

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tsr

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 9 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)2651ex3

(Chen et al., 2001)

Df(2R)Exel6081

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2R)or-BR6

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

Df(2R)or-BR11

(Chen et al., 2001, Spradling et al., 1999, Gunsalus et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(2R)bw^VDe2LPx^KR

(Spradling et al., 1999, Beaton, 1997.12.27, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(2R)bw-S46

(Spradling et al., 1999, Gunsalus et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(2R)Px2

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

In(2LR)lt^G10LBR27^R

(Gunsalus et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

In(2LR)Px⁴

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Inferred from location ( 2 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

lethal | larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa

tsr^Δ96

lethal | larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

lethal | larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96

lethal | pupal stage | cold sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa

tsr^Δ96

lethal | pupal stage | cold sensitive, with tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

lethal | pupal stage | cold sensitive, with tsr^Δ96

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage

tsr^Δ96

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

tsr^Δ96

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^KK108706

tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

tsr^KK108706

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage

tsr¹

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with tsr¹)

tsr²

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage (with tsr²)

tsr¹

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

partially lethal - majority die

tsr^ntf

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive

tsr²

partially lethal - majority live (with tsr¹)

tsr^ntf

partially lethal - majority live (with tsr^ntf)

tsr¹

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^HMS00534

tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

tsr^HMS00534

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^KK108706

viable (with tsr²)

tsr^ntf

viable (with tsr^ntf)

tsr²

viable | cold sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

viable | cold sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

viable | cold sensitive, with tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

viable | cold sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

viable | cold sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

Sterility

Allele

female sterile (with tsr¹)

tsr^ntf

female sterile (with tsr²)

tsr^ntf

female sterile (with tsr^ntf)

male semi-fertile (with tsr²)

tsr^ntf

male semi-fertile (with tsr^ntf)

tsr²

male sterile

tsr²

male sterile | heat sensitive (with tsr¹)

tsr^ntf

male sterile | heat sensitive (with tsr^ntf)

tsr¹

sterile

tsr^ntf

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal behavior | adult stage

tsr^KK108706

abnormal cell adhesion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

abnormal cell polarity, with tsr^139.cBa, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

abnormal cell polarity, with tsr^hs.PB

tsr^Δ96

abnormal cell polarity, with tsr^Δ96

tsr^hs.PB

abnormal cell polarity, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

abnormal cell polarity, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

abnormal memory, with Scer\GAL4^GMR13F02

tsr^S3A.UAS

abnormal memory | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

tsr^S3A.UAS

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^109(2)80

tsr^UAS.cNa

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

tsr^KK108706

abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

abnormal neuroanatomy | dominant | larval stage

tsr^N96A

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf

tsr^HMS00534

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | somatic clone

tsr^N121

abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

abnormal size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

chemical resistant | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^RhoGAP18B-1

tsr^S3E.UAS

chemical sensitive | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

tsr^S3A.UAS

decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

increased cell death | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^KK108706

tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

tsr^KK108706

majority die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

some die during first instar larval stage

tsr^Δ96

some die during larval stage

tsr^Δ96

some die during larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

some die during larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

some die during larval stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

some die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^KK108706

tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

some die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU, tsr^UAS.Tag:HA

tsr^KK108706

some die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

some die during pupal stage

some die during pupal stage (with tsr¹)

tsr²

some die during pupal stage (with tsr²)

tsr¹

some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

visible | somatic clone

tsr^N121

wild-type

tsr^+t6.4

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

actin cytoskeleton & eye disc | somatic clone

tsr^k05633

actin filament | heat sensitive

tsr^ntf

adult abdominal sensillum, with tsr^hs.PB

tsr^Δ96

adult abdominal sensillum, with tsr^Δ96

tsr^hs.PB

adult mushroom body & axon | somatic clone

adult mushroom body | somatic clone

adult mushroom body alpha-lobe, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

tsr^KK108706

adult mushroom body beta-lobe, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

tsr^KK108706

adult olfactory receptor neuron Or59c | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

adult optic lobe, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

adult optic lobe, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

aster & primary spermatocyte cyst

aster & secondary spermatocyte

border follicle cell | heat sensitive (with tsr¹)

tsr^ntf

border follicle cell | heat sensitive (with tsr^ntf)

tsr¹

bract, with tsr^hs.PB

tsr^Δ96

bract, with tsr^Δ96

tsr^hs.PB

chaeta

tsr^ntf

dendrite, with Scer\GAL4^109(2)80

tsr^UAS.cNa

dendrite | larval stage

tsr^N121

dendritic branch | decreased number | larval stage | somatic clone

tsr^N121

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage

tsr^N96A

eye, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

eye, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

eye | somatic clone

tsr^k05633

filamentous actin | larval stage

tsr^N96A

filamentous actin | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

tsr^UAS.cNa

filamentous actin | somatic clone

tsr^N121

first basal wing cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

follicle cell & actin filament | ectopic | somatic clone

tsr^unspecified

follicle cell | somatic clone

tsr^unspecified

I band | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

imaginal disc

tsr^k01208

lamina, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

lamina, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

larval multidendritic class III neuron | somatic clone

tsr^N121

larval s-LNv neuron, with Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf

tsr^HMS00534

larval somatic muscle cell | decreased number | embryonic stage

tsr^N96A

larval somatic muscle cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

larval somatic muscle cell | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

leg sensillum, with tsr^hs.PB

tsr^Δ96

leg sensillum, with tsr^Δ96

tsr^hs.PB

meiotic prophase I

meiotic prophase II

microchaeta, with tsr^139.cBa, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

microchaeta, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

microchaeta, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

mushroom body pedunculus, with Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107

tsr^KK108706

myotube | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

myotube | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

Nebenkern

neuron projection | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf

tsr^HMS00534

nurse cell & nucleus (with tsr¹)

tsr^ntf

nurse cell & nucleus (with tsr^ntf)

tsr¹

ommatidium, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

ommatidium, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

ommatidium, with tsr^hs.PB

tsr^Δ96

ommatidium, with tsr^Δ96

tsr^hs.PB

ommatidium | somatic clone

tsr^k05633

oocyte & actin filament | ectopic | germ-line clone

ovary | heat sensitive

tsr^ntf

retina, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

retina, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

rhabdomere, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

rhabdomere, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

rhabdomere | somatic clone

tsr^k05633

rhabdomere membrane, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^UAS.int

tsr^Δ96

rhabdomere membrane, with Pc^G4DBD.GMR, tsr^Δ96

tsr^UAS.int

sarcomere | decreased number | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

sarcomere | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

tsr^HMS00534

sarcomere | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

spermatid

spermatocyte fusome

tsr¹

spermatocyte ring canal

tsr¹

terminal filament | heat sensitive

tsr^ntf

tracheal lumen | somatic clone

tsr^N121

wing disc | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

tsr^UAS.cNa

wing disc | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

wing disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

tsr^RNAi.UAS

wing hair, with tsr^139.cBa, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^Δ96

wing hair, with tsr^hs.PB

tsr^Δ96

wing hair, with tsr^Δ96

tsr^hs.PB

wing hair, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^139.cBa

tsr^V27Q.cBa

wing hair, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^V27Q.cBa

tsr^139.cBa

wing hair | somatic clone

tsr^N121

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (7)

Hsap\CFL2

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\DSTN

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CFL1

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)

Rnor\Cfl1

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Cfl2

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Dstn

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\LOC102555366

2 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Twf1

2 of 14

Rnor\Twf2

2 of 14

Rnor\Dstnl1

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Gmfb

1 of 14

Rnor\Gmfg

1 of 14

Rnor\LOC498759

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)

Mmus\Cfl2

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Cfl1

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Dstn

11 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)

Xtro\cfl1

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\cfl2

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\dstn

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\twf1

2 of 13

Xtro\nudt5

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\twf2

1 of 13

Xtro\xbp1

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)

Drer\cfl1

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\cfl1l

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\cfl2

12 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\unc-60

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\F53E2.2

11 of 14

Yes

Cele\twf-2

2 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012056

12 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (12)

Atha\ADF1

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF2

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF3

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF4

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF6

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF7

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF8

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF10

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF11

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF5

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADF9

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G45990

11 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\COF1

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\TWF1

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)

Spom\adf1

11 of 12

Yes

Spom\gmf1

1 of 12

Spom\twf1

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tsr. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

CG6873

12 of 13

twf

2 of 13

CG6891

1 of 13

GMF

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

tsr^HMS00534

model of nemaline myopathy 7

CEC

(Christophers et al., 2024)

CEA

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

tsr^N121

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA with RhoGAP18B¹

(Ojelade et al., 2015)

tsr^N96A

model of nemaline myopathy 7

CEA

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA

(Sun et al., 2023)

tsr^S3A.UAS

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA

(Ojelade et al., 2015)

tsr^k05633

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA with RhoGAP18B¹

(Ojelade et al., 2015)

tsr^KK108706

model of nemaline myopathy 7

CEA

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

tsr^{V7M.UAS.Tag:HA}

model of nemaline myopathy 7

CEA

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CFL2; cofilin 2

model of nemaline myopathy 7

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

tsr^HMS00534

model of nemaline myopathy 7

is ameliorated by PI31^UAS.Tag:HA

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Prosβ6^1.B.UAS

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

tsr^N121

ameliorates hereditary systemic amyloidosis 1

modeled by Hsap\TTR^{V30M.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Oliveira da Silva et al., 2020)

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{128Q.1-231.UAS}

(Onur et al., 2021)

tsr^S3A.UAS

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

tsr^{UAS.Tag:polyHis}

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Fulga et al., 2007)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 8

modeled by Lrrk^e03680

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

tsr^UAS.cNa

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

tsr^UAS.EGFP

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Nlg2^KO70

(Sun et al., 2023)

tsr^S3A.UAS.EGFP

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Nlg2^KO70

(Sun et al., 2023)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CFL2; cofilin 2

12 of 14

COFILIN 2; CFL2

NEMALINE MYOPATHY 7; NEM7

nemaline myopathy 7

DSTN; destrin, actin depolymerizing factor

12 of 14

DESTRIN; DSTN

CFL1; cofilin 1

11 of 14

601442

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

tsr

Hsap\CFL1

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

tsr

Hsap\CFL2

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

tsr - CG7737

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

tsr - HIP-R

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

tsr - Nlg2

pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sun et al., 2023)

tsr - Rack1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sun et al., 2023)

tsr - Sumo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, comigration in sds page, anti tag western blot

(Pirone et al., 2017)

tsr - Synd

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

tsr - Tango2

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

tsr - flr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Chu et al., 2012)

tsr - mbt

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Menzel et al., 2007)

tsr - scrib

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Cervantes-Sandoval et al., 2016)

tsr - tobi

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

tsr - yki

proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation

(Skouloudaki et al., 2019)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

tsr

enhanceable

capt

(Medina et al., 2008)

tsr

suppressible

capt

(Medina et al., 2008)

tsr|Pc

enhanceable

flr

(Pham et al., 2008)

tsr

suppressible

PI31

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

tsr

enhanceable

Prosβ6

(Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

tsr|Pc

enhanceable

ssh

(Pham et al., 2008)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Btk

suppressible

tsr

(Chandrasekaran and Beckendorf, 2005)

cindr

enhanceable

tsr

(Johnson et al., 2008)

Csk

suppressible

tsr

(Rudrapatna et al., 2014)

hep

suppressible

tsr

(Rudrapatna et al., 2014)

hid

suppressible

tsr

(Farrell et al., 2022)

LIMK1

suppressible

tsr

(Ang et al., 2006, Ng and Luo, 2004)

Lrrk

suppressible

tsr

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

mbt

suppressible

tsr

(Menzel et al., 2007)

suppressible

(Abe et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Sun et al., 2023)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

suppressible

(Chen et al., 2005)

psidin

enhanceable

tsr

(Stephan et al., 2012)

psidin

suppressible

tsr

(Stephan et al., 2012)

Rho1

suppressible

tsr

(Rudrapatna et al., 2014)

sev

suppressible

tsr

(Sese et al., 2006)

suppressible

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

enhanceable

(Wahlstrom et al., 2001)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63422

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0011726

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

37841

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

37841

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-106

Cytogenetic map

60B5-60B5

Sequence location

2R:24,044,453..24,046,805 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

60B5-60B5

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Phm^k07623&P{lacW}tsr^k05633 and P{EP}EP503

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

60A-60B

(Edwards, 1994.3.30)

60B4-60B5

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

60A-60D

(Chen, 1998.3.12)

60B4-60B5

(Beaton, 1997.12.27)

60A10-60B1

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

60B3-60B5

60B4--5

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Also placed in 60A8--60A16 by deficiency mapping.

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-106

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-109.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

speck

(Chen et al., 2001)

Right of (cM)

(Chen et al., 2001)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (27)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

92512

y¹ v¹; P{U6.2-tsr.dgRNA}attP40

64695

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{IT.GAL4}tsr^0171-G4/CyO

20665

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}tsr^EY11205

9109

w^*; P{FRT(w^hs)}G13 tsr^N121/CyO

12201

y¹ w^67c23; P{lacW}tsr^k05633/CyO

Kyoto

115280

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{754.P.FSVS-0}tsr^CPTI002237

102159

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}tsr^k00508 / CyO

102195

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}tsr^k01208 / CyO

102251

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}tsr^k03101 / CyO

102364

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}tsr^k05403 / CyO

102871

y¹ w^67c23 ; P{lacW}tsr^k13409 / CyO

VDRC

v110599

P{KK108706}VIE-260B

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (291)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD06785

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0011726

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0011726

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Figard et al., 2019, Skouloudaki et al., 2019, Jovceva et al., 2007)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene was tested in an RNAi screen to identify genes that regulate Ca²⁺ release.

(Zhang et al., 2006)

dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells.

(Echard et al., 2004)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R⁺ cells: binucleate cells with increased or polarized (uneven) accumulation of F-actin.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

(Rogers et al., 2003)

tsr regulates actin filament formation throughout the cell cortex in the follicular epithelium.

(Baum and Perrimon, 2001)

tsr is required for the formation of terminal filaments during larval development and is also required for the migration of border cells during oogenesis.

(Chen et al., 2001)

tsr mutants show disruption of terminal filament (TF) formation in the ovary. TF precursor cells can be seen scattered in a ring in the anterior region of late third larval instar tsr mutant ovaries. tsr is pupal lethal.

(Chen et al., 1998)

tsr is required for ovarian morphogenesis.

(Chen et al., 1998)

Mutants isolated in a screen of the second chromosome identifying genes affecting disc morphology.

(Roch et al., 1998)

tsr mutant spermatocytes exhibit abnormal positioning and delayed migration of asters to cell poles.

(Giansanti et al., 1995)

tsr has been cloned and characterised.

(Gunsalus et al., 1995)

Induced expression of tsr proteins in yeast causes aberrant cell shapes reflecting defects in cytokinesis and/or cell shape maintenance.

(Edwards et al., 1994)

tsr mutant spermatocytes exhibit abnormal positioning and delayed migration of asters to cell poles. tsr mutants also display a defect in cytokinesis (in mitosis and meiosis).

(Gunsalus et al., 1994)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: tsr ntf

(Chen et al., 1999)

Source for merge of: tsr l(2)k05633

(Spradling et al., 1999)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: tsr CG4254

(Wang, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (31)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

12/8

(Roch et al., 1998)

ADF

(Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011, Pham et al., 2008)

ADF/cofilin

(Petit et al., 2002)

Adf

(Rogers et al., 2003)

CG4254

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Trivedi et al., 2020, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Cammarato et al., 2011, Monzo et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Pan and Zhang, 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Vierstraete et al., 2004, Rogers et al., 2003, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

Cadf

Cfl

(Yoong et al., 2020)

Cofilin

(Powers et al., 2022)

D-cof

(Medina et al., 2008, Ohashi et al., 2000)

D61

(Edwards et al., 1994)

DmCFL

(Christophers et al., 2024, Balakrishnan et al., 2020)

(Vierstraete et al., 2004)

Tsr

(Tsakiri et al., 2025, Iwanaga et al., 2024, Meyer-Nava et al., 2020, Skouloudaki et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Ji et al., 2017, Pirone et al., 2017, Stephan et al., 2012, Johnson et al., 2008, Puri et al., 2008, Rebelo and Janody, 2007)

Twinstar

(Kilo et al., 2021)

cfl

(Yoong et al., 2020)

cofilin

(Farrell et al., 2022, Hurst et al., 2019, Yolland et al., 2019, Nikitina et al., 2014, Rogers et al., 2005, Rogers et al., 2003)

cofilin/ADF

(Rorth, 2002)

cofilin/actin depolymerizing factor homolog

(Edwards, 1994.3.30)

l(2)03101

(Kolhekar et al., 1997)

l(2)k03101

l(2)k05633

(Beaton, 1997.12.27, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

l(2)k13409

ntf

(Chen et al., 1999, Chen, 1998.3.12, Chen et al., 1998)

tsr

(Li et al., 2025, Zhao et al., 2025, Schmid et al., 2024, Stanhope et al., 2023, Sun et al., 2023, Yheskel et al., 2023, Stürner et al., 2022, Deng et al., 2021, Onur et al., 2021, Ricolo et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Balakrishnan et al., 2020, Oliveira da Silva et al., 2020, Raghuraman et al., 2020, Wolterhoff et al., 2020, Butts et al., 2019, Skouloudaki et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Ikawa and Sugimura, 2018, Nithianandam and Chien, 2018, Shukla et al., 2018, Bianchi et al., 2017, Merk et al., 2017, Cervantes-Sandoval et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Das et al., 2016, Ko et al., 2016, Mohammad et al., 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2016, Ojelade et al., 2015, Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Schottenfeld-Roames et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Chu et al., 2012, Giansanti and Fuller, 2012, Giansanti et al., 2012, Joyce et al., 2012, Lin et al., 2012, Murray et al., 2012, Fernández et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2011, Rohn et al., 2011, Xu et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Blanco et al., 2010, Shuai et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, von Blume et al., 2009, Cao et al., 2008, Castellanos et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2008, Ng, 2008, Pham et al., 2008, Schuldiner et al., 2008, Somma et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Corrigall et al., 2007, Fulga et al., 2007, Langille and Clark, 2007, Menzel et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Ren et al., 2007, Stuart et al., 2007, Hempel et al., 2006, Janody and Treisman, 2006, Sese et al., 2006, Williams et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2005)

Name Synonyms

ADFcofilin

(Silver and Montell, 2001)

Cofilin/actin depolymerizing factor-like

DCofilin

(Pichaud et al., 2007)

Twinstar

(Gomez et al., 2025, Shukla et al., 2018, Pirone et al., 2017, Ko et al., 2016, Lin et al., 2012, Fauvarque and Williams, 2011, Nie et al., 2009, Johnson et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Fulga et al., 2007, Jovceva et al., 2007, Rebelo and Janody, 2007, Blair et al., 2006)

actin-depolymerizing factor

(Pham et al., 2008)

no terminal filament

(Chen et al., 1998)

twin star

(Corrigall et al., 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0011567
FBgn0020533
FBgn0020539
FBgn0022163
FBgn0024209

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 43 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

37841

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P45594

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P45594

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P45594

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

37841/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0011726

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0011726

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0011726

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG4254

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

37841

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

2MV2
8OH4

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63422

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0011726

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0011726

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0011726

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

tsr_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0011726

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0011726

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0011726

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC001574

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

37841

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

37841

References (294)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.50

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