Human Disease Model Report: Parkinson disease 4

General Information

Name

Parkinson disease 4

FlyBase ID

FBhh0000007

Disease Ontology Term

Parkinson's disease 4

Parent Disease

Parkinson disease

OMIM

PARKINSON DISEASE 4, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK4

Overview

Parkinson disease 4 (PARK4), is a subtype of Parkinson disease. It is caused by whole-gene multiplication (frequently triplication) of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA), the causative gene of PARK1. See the report for Parkinson disease 1 (FBhh0000006) for further information.

[updated Jul 2015 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Parent Disease Summary: Parkinson disease

Symptoms and phenotype

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease usually typified by slow onset in mid to late adulthood; there are also early-onset and juvenile forms of the disease. Symptoms worsen over time and include resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia [abnormal slowness of movement], and postural instability [impaired balance and coordination]; additional symptoms may include postural abnormalities, dysautonomia [symptoms caused by malfunction of the autonomic nervous system], dystonic cramps, and dementia. Parkinson disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease (after Alzheimer disease), affecting approximately 1% of the population over 50 (Polymeropoulos et al., 1996, pubmed:8895469). [from MIM:168600; 2013.07.23]

(OMIM, 2013-)

Parkinson disease is described as early-onset disease if signs and symptoms begin before age 50. Early-onset cases that begin before age 20 may be referred to as juvenile-onset disease. [from Genetics Home Reference, GHR_condition:parkinson-disease, 2015.02.13]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

Specific Disease Summary: Parkinson disease 4

OMIM report

[PARKINSON DISEASE 4, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK4](https://omim.org/entry/605543)

Human gene(s) implicated

[SYNUCLEIN, ALPHA; SNCA](https://omim.org/entry/163890)

Symptoms and phenotype

Symptoms are typically early in onset (typically in the thirties); dementia is frequently observed. [from MIM:605543; 2015.07.27] See general description above and report for Parkinson disease 1 (FBhh0000006).

(OMIM, 2013-)

Genetics

PARK4 is inherited as an autosomal dominant and is caused by whole-gene multiplication (frequently triplication) of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA). Alterations in SNCA gene dosage due to rearrangements may be more common than point mutations. (Ibanez et al. 2006, pubmed:19139307) [from MIM:605543; 2015.07.27]

(OMIM, 2013-)

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

One of several diseases collectively described as synucleinopathies; there has recently been developed a skin biopsy that allows early detection of phosphorylated α-synuclein in patients with synucleinopathies (Gibbons et al., 2024; pubmed:38506839).

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

External links

Gene2Function (human gene): SNCA
Gene Cards: SNCA
MedlinePlus (gene): SNCA
MARRVEL (human gene): SNCA
NCBI MedGen: Parkinson disease (PD)
NCBI (Entrez) gene: SNCA; synuclein alpha

Disease synonyms

PARK4

Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant

Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant Lewy body

Search term: synucleinopathy

Search term: α-synucleinopathy

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

Related Specific Diseases

OMIM phenotypic series

Parkinson disease

Disease

Associated Human gene(s)

Drosophila model

Human transgene in Drosophila

[KRS](https://omim.org/entry/606693)

[ATP13A2](https://omim.org/entry/610513)

Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (PARK9)

[PARK1](https://omim.org/entry/168601)

[SNCA](https://omim.org/entry/163890)

Parkinson disease 1

[PARK2](https://omim.org/entry/600116)

[PRKN](https://omim.org/entry/602544)

Parkinson disease 2, early-onset

[PARK3](https://omim.org/entry/602404)

[PARK4](https://omim.org/entry/605543)

[SNCA](https://omim.org/entry/163890)

Parkinson disease 4

[PARK5](https://omim.org/entry/613643)

[UCHL1](https://omim.org/entry/191342)

Parkinson disease 5, susceptibility to

[PARK6](https://omim.org/entry/605909)

[PINK1](https://omim.org/entry/608309)

Parkinson disease 6, early-onset

[PARK7](https://omim.org/entry/606324)

[DJ1](https://omim.org/entry/602533)

Parkinson disease 7, early-onset

[PARK8](https://omim.org/entry/607060)

[LRRK2](https://omim.org/entry/609007)

Parkinson disease 8

[PARK10](https://omim.org/entry/606852)

[PARK11](https://omim.org/entry/607688)

[GIGYF2](https://omim.org/entry/612003)

Parkinson disease 11, susceptibility to

[PARK12](https://omim.org/entry/300557)

[PARK13](https://omim.org/entry/610297)

[HTRA2](https://omim.org/entry/606441)

Parkinson disease 13, susceptibility to

[PARK14](https://omim.org/entry/612953)

[PLA2G6](https://omim.org/entry/603604)

Parkinson disease 14

[PARK15](https://omim.org/entry/260300)

[FBXO7](https://omim.org/entry/605648)

Parkinson disease 15, early-onset

[PARK16](https://omim.org/entry/613164)

Parkinson disease 16 (postulated), RAB29-related

[PARK17](https://omim.org/entry/614203)

[VPS35](https://omim.org/entry/601501)

Parkinson disease 17

[PARK18](https://omim.org/entry/614251)

[EIF4G1](https://omim.org/entry/600495)

[PARK19A](https://omim.org/entry/615528)

[DNAJC6](https://omim.org/entry/608375)

Parkinson disease 19A/B, early-onset

[PARK20](https://omim.org/entry/615530)

[SYNJ1](https://omim.org/entry/604297)

Parkinson disease 20, early-onset

[PARK21](https://omim.org/entry/616361)

Parkinson disease (postulated), DNAJC13-related,Parkinson disease (postulated), TMEM230-related

[PARK22](https://omim.org/entry/616710)

[CHCHD2](https://omim.org/entry/616244)

Parkinson disease 22

[PARK23](https://omim.org/entry/616840)

[VPS13C](https://omim.org/entry/608879)

Parkinson disease 23, early-onset

[PARK25](https://omim.org/entry/620482)

[PTPA](https://omim.org/entry/600756)

Parkinson disease 25, autosomal recessive early-onset, with impaired intellectual development

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Hsap\SNCA

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

SNCA; synuclein alpha

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Comments on ortholog(s)

No gene orthologous to SNCA has been identified in Drosophila.

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (0)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (5 groups)

Hsap\SNCA

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Hsap\SNCA - β-Spec

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Maor et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA - HDAC6

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Du et al., 2010)

Hsap\SNCA - Lsd-2

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Girard et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA - park

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA - Pink1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (38 alleles)

Hsap\SNCA

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 38 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Hsap\SNCA^Δ71-82.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^1-120.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Periquet et al., 2007)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^S129D.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Chen et al., 2009)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Chen and Feany, 2005)

Hsap\SNCA^YF.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Chen et al., 2009)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Bayersdorfer et al., 2010)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Chen and Tully, 2018, Zhu et al., 2016, Jahromi et al., 2015, Jahromi et al., 2015, Kong et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Riemensperger et al., 2013, Shaltiel-Karyo et al., 2012, Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011, Botella et al., 2008, Scherzer et al., 2003, Yang et al., 2003, Feany and Bender, 2000)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEC

(Huang et al., 2023, Golomidov et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Xue et al., 2022, Cunningham et al., 2018)

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025, Dhanushkodi et al., 2023, Diaw et al., 2023, Ledahawsky et al., 2022, Rahmani et al., 2022, Dinh et al., 2021, Beaver et al., 2020, Yan et al., 2019, Abul Khair et al., 2018, Coelho et al., 2018, Fernius et al., 2017, Ito et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS

model of Lewy body dementia

CEA

(Imomnazarov et al., 2024)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Dinter et al., 2016, Zhu et al., 2016, Jahromi et al., 2015, Jahromi et al., 2015, Varga et al., 2014, Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011, Botella et al., 2008, Cooper et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2003, Feany and Bender, 2000)

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025, Dhanushkodi et al., 2023, Diaw et al., 2023, Ledahawsky et al., 2022, Girard et al., 2021, Agerschou et al., 2019, Yan et al., 2019, Abul Khair et al., 2018, Saridaki et al., 2018)

CEC

(Nitta et al., 2023, Szinyákovics et al., 2023, Golomidov et al., 2022, Cunningham et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2009, Auluck et al., 2005)

model of bowel dysfunction

CEA

(Olsen and Feany, 2019)

model of Lewy body dementia

CEA

(Olsen and Feany, 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Breda et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2014, Gajula Balija et al., 2011)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cKa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Karpinar et al., 2009)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Butler et al., 2012, Gajula Balija et al., 2011)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Briffa et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^A56P.UAS.cKa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Karpinar et al., 2009)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEC

(Burr et al., 2014)

CEA

(Burr et al., 2014)

Hsap\SNCA^TP.UAS.cKa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Karpinar et al., 2009)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Yin et al., 2014, Gajula Balija et al., 2011)

Hsap\SNCA^{UAS.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT)}

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Kontopoulos et al., 2006)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Moore et al., 2025, Spargo et al., 2025, Matsuoka et al., 2024, Yu et al., 2023, Dabool et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2019, Rousseaux et al., 2018, Chouhan et al., 2016)

CEC

(Ren et al., 2022)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEC

(Jansen et al., 2017)

CEA with park^HMS01651

(Narwal et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cTa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Varga et al., 2014, Trinh et al., 2008)

CEC

(Roy and Jackson, 2014, Barone et al., 2011)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.EGFP

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA with Hsap\HTT^{UAS.103Q.mCherry}

(Poças et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Bridi et al., 2021, Krzystek et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Blosser et al., 2020, Shaltouki et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Qi et al., 2017, Zhao et al., 2015)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Liu et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2014)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Zhang et al., 2018, Merzetti et al., 2017, Büttner et al., 2013)

CEC

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

model of synucleinopathy

CEA

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEC

(Maor et al., 2023)

CEA

(Yadav et al., 2024, Olsen and Feany, 2021, Sarkar et al., 2021, Sarkar et al., 2021, Sarkar et al., 2020)

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Rai and Kumar, 2025, Mohite et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Mohite et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Mohite et al., 2018)

model of Lewy body dementia

CEA

(Mohite et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cSa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Sakai et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cJa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Jahromi et al., 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^V15A.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Diaw et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.QUAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Praschberger et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cPa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKb

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKb

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cKb

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Kinnart et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^{QUAS.Tag:FLAG.T2A-GFP}

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Bankapalli et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^A53V.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025)

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cMa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

CEA

(Xia et al., 2025)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Hsap\SNCA^S129D.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Shark^UAS.cFa

(Chen et al., 2009)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by ple^GD1181

(Bayersdorfer et al., 2010)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Jra^Jbz.UAS

(Liu et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by bsk^UAS.cBa

(Liu et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Sfxn1-3^EY01545

(Ledahawsky et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Tango14^GD481

(Xue et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Tango14^JF01144

(Xue et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Tip60^UAS.cUa

(Beaver et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by TP53INP^FENLL.UAS

(Dinh et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by TP53INP^long.UAS

(Dinh et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by egr^HMC03963

(Huang et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lamp1^11B

(Rahmani et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Lamp1^6.1

(Rahmani et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Lamp1^Tub.PR

(Rahmani et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by st^UAS.Venus

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Atg7^GD11671

(Yan et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Ire1^GD3071

(Yan et al., 2019)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Abul Khair et al., 2018)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SOD1^UAS.cPa

(Botella et al., 2008)

exacerbates Kufor-Rakeb syndrome

modeled by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Usp8^HMS01898

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Sfxn1-3^EY01545

(Ledahawsky et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Hsap\FYCO1^UAS.cSa

(Saridaki et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by st^UAS.Venus

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Zzzz\β-wrapin^UAS.AS69

(Agerschou et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Arl8^Q75L.UAS

(Szinyákovics et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Rab2^{Q65L.UASp.YFP}

(Szinyákovics et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Abul Khair et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Mmus\Rab1a^UAS.cCa

(Cooper et al., 2006)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Rab7^UAS.GFP

(Dinter et al., 2016)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

exacerbates Kufor-Rakeb syndrome

modeled by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Buffy^UAS.cQa

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by cn^KK101938

(Breda et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Hsap\DNAJC13^{N855S.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Yoshida et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Hsap\ARSA^N352S.UAS

(Lee et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Hsap\ARSA^UAS.cLa

(Lee et al., 2019)

is exacerbated by Hsap\GBA1^{L444P.UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:polyHis}

(Maor et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by IP3K2^KK112292

(Di Leva et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by porin^JF03251

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is exacerbated by porin^KK107645

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is exacerbated by HtrA2^HM05030

(Chung et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by HtrA2^UAS.cYa

(Chung et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Drp1^KG03815

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Hsap\HSPA1L^UAS.cWa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Pink1^UAS.cYa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by park^UAS.cGa

(Krzystek et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Avic\GFP^klar.LD.UASp

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by CG7900^EY10020

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lsd-1^UAS.EGFP

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lsd-2^UAS.EGFP

(Girard et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by BI-1^GD1660

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

is exacerbated by BI-1^KK100983

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Abul Khair et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Rop^A3

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

is exacerbated by Rop^G27

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Shark^UAS.cFa

(Chen et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Usp8^HMS01898

(Alexopoulou et al., 2016)

exacerbates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^GMR.Q120

(Winslow et al., 2010)

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by Atg6^GD11647

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is exacerbated by Pi3K59F^KK107602

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\HSPA1L^UAS.cWa

(Auluck et al., 2002)

is exacerbated by Hsc70-4^K71S.UAS

(Auluck et al., 2002)

is ameliorated by Hsap\PRKN^UAS.cYa

(Yang et al., 2003)

is ameliorated by park^UAS.cHa

(Haywood and Staveley, 2004)

is ameliorated by Pink1^UAS.cTa

(Todd and Staveley, 2008)

is exacerbated by Gprk2^UAS.cCb

(Chen and Feany, 2005)

is ameliorated by Mmus\Rab1a^UAS.cCa

(Cooper et al., 2006)

is ameliorated by Rab11^UAS.EGFP

(Breda et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by Hsap\UBC^UAS.Tag:HA

(Lee et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Hsap\UBC^{K63R.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Lee et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Hsap\UBC^{K48.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Lee et al., 2009)

is exacerbated by HDAC6^KO

(Du et al., 2010)

is ameliorated by HDAC6^UAS.cDa

(Du et al., 2010)

is ameliorated by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Sin3A⁰⁸²⁶⁹

(Kontopoulos et al., 2006)

is exacerbated by Gba1a^GD6246

(Suzuki et al., 2015)

is exacerbated by Gal^GD936

(Suzuki et al., 2015)

is exacerbated by Vps35^GD11710

(Miura et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by chico¹

(Knight et al., 2014)

is exacerbated by Pgi^EY09730

(Knight et al., 2014)

is exacerbated by Tpi^GD10138

(Vicente Miranda et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Glo1^KK109109

(Vicente Miranda et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Debcl^UAS.Tag:HA

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by Debcl^JF02429

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\HTRA2^UAS.cCa

(Chung et al., 2020)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCAIP^UAS.cHa

(Hernández-Vargas et al., 2011)

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Vps35^GD11710

(Miura et al., 2014)

exacerbates Kufor-Rakeb syndrome

modeled by anne^KK107621

(Dhanushkodi et al., 2023)

exacerbates developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 4

modeled by Rop^A3

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

modeled by Rop^G27

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Rab8^UASp.YFP

(Yin et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Rab11^UAS.EGFP

(Breda et al., 2015)

is NOT ameliorated by Rab11^{S25N.UASp.YFP}

(Breda et al., 2015)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Hsap\TRAP1^UAS.cBa

(Butler et al., 2012)

is exacerbated by Trap1^KG06242

(Butler et al., 2012)

Hsap\SNCA^TP.UAS.cKa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Rab8^UASp.YFP

(Yin et al., 2014)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Ca-α1D^MI08906

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Ddc^ts2

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Egfr^{FRT.RNAi.slbo}

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Eip63E^{MI00413-GFSTF.1}

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Eip63E^MI04853

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Loxl2^MI06311

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by N^fa-swb

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by bgm^MI14249

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by cac^GD15341

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by ND-39^11-101

(Ren et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Vhl^KK111257

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by cpo^10-129

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by dlt^05-188

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by heca^06-232

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by kto^HMS06027

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by l(3)87Df^10-122

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by sima^KK102226

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^06-056

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by ABCB7^03-232

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^HMS01305

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by CG4553^06-125

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^MI12229

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Cdc27^02-055

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by skd^T606

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Cdk8^GL00231

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by CycC^HMS01095

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Eip75B^12-111

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by GlyRS^08-107

(Ren et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Hph^KK100344

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by MTA1-like^06-040

(Ren et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Spn27A^KK109962

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn31A^GD5369

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn31A^KK106055

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn42Da^KK107708

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn42De^GD14221

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn42De^KK103216

(Moore et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Spn47C^GD9948

(Moore et al., 2025)

is ameliorated by SkpA^UAS.ORF

(Dabool et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Dap160^Δ1

(Spargo et al., 2025)

is ameliorated by Dap160^UAS.cKa

(Spargo et al., 2025)

is exacerbated by Csp^R1

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Ect3^KK102324

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Ect3^NIG.3132R

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^GD10253

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Gba1b^KK107189

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lip4^GD5503

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lip4^KK106457

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Npc1a¹

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Npc1a²

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Npc1a^KK101077

(Yu et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Snmp1^GD478

(Yu et al., 2023)

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by CG32191^KK103889

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by CG12025^KK107653

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by CG32191^GD6163

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by CG12025^GD2253

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Ptp10D^KK101775

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Ptp10D^GD115

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Ptp10D^GD2611

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS01715

(Jansen et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS02460

(Jansen et al., 2017)

exacerbates developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 4

modeled by Rop^A3

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

modeled by Rop^G27

(Matsuoka et al., 2024)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cTa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by GstS1^UASp.cWa

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Gclm^UAS.cOa

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is exacerbated by Gclm^L0580

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is exacerbated by Cth^KG02526

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is exacerbated by GstS1^M26

(Trinh et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

is ameliorated by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.wt

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

is ameliorated by cnc^UAS.cSa

(Barone et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Keap1^RNAi.UAS

(Barone et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Keap1^EY5

(Barone et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by maf-S^UAS.Tag:HA

(Barone et al., 2011)

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.wt

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Roy and Jackson, 2014)

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 22

modeled by Chchd2^null

(Ikeda et al., 2019)

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Hsap\TMEM59^UAS.cLa

(Zhang et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by aux^GD7187

(Song et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by aux^KK100927

(Song et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by Hsap\TMEM59^UAS.cLa

(Zhang et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Sh^{EKO.UAS.GFP(GL)}

(Qi et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Miro^KK102189

(Shaltouki et al., 2018)

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cUa

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Rab8^UASp.YFP

(Yin et al., 2014)

is exacerbated by aux^KK100927

(Song et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by aux^GD7187

(Song et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Lk6^UAS.cUa

(Zhang et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by EndoG^GD5747

(Büttner et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Hsap\TMEM59^UAS.cLa

(Zhang et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by st^UAS.Venus

(Cunningham et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by PI31^GD13764

(Merzetti et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by ntc^JF01331

(Merzetti et al., 2017)

Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

model of synucleinopathy

is ameliorated by Fhos^HMJ21037

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.cWa

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Drp1^UAS.cDb

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by Act5C^G0010

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is exacerbated by Act5C^UASp.R.GFP

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

is ameliorated by α-Spec^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is ameliorated by β-Spec^{ΔPH.Ubi-p63E.Tag:MYC}

(Maor et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by β-Spec^{Ubi-p63E.Tag:MYC}

(Maor et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by β-Spec^em21

(Maor et al., 2023)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^G1914S.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^I1915T.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Lrrk^Q1003H.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^UAS.cIa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^Y1383C.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^RNAi.UAS.cIa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^e03680

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Pu^HMC04085

(Sarkar et al., 2020)

is exacerbated by Pu^HMS02399

(Sarkar et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by Gel^UAS.cDa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by tsr^S3A.UAS

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by tsr^UAS.cNa

(Sarkar et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Ric^GL01247

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Ric^JF02670

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS01715

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Vps13^HMS02460

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by aux^GL00213

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by aux^HMS01935

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^GD11670

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

is exacerbated by Lrrk^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Olsen and Feany, 2021)

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease 1

is exacerbated by InR^JF01482

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

is ameliorated by InR^UAS.cUa

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

is exacerbated by PEK^HMJ02063

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

is ameliorated by PEK^UAS.cMa

(Rai and Kumar, 2025)

Hsap\SNCA^{QUAS.Tag:FLAG.T2A-GFP}

model of Parkinson's disease

is exacerbated by sgg^UAS.cBa

(Bankapalli et al., 2024)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

P{QUAS-hSNCA.WT}

w^*; P{QUAS-hSNCA.WT}3/TM3, Sb¹

Hsap\SNCA^{A53T.UAS.C-Venus}

P{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.VC}

Hsap\SNCA^{A53T.UAS.N-Venus}

P{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.VN}

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.H50Q}

w^*; P{UAS-hSNCA.H50Q}2/CyO

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.G51D}

w^*; P{UAS-hSNCA.G51D}2

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K}

w^*; P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K}2

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.WT.S}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.S}

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K.S}

Hsap\SNCA^H50Q.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.H50Q.S}

Hsap\SNCA^G51D.UAS.cSa

P{UAS-hSNCA.G51D.S}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cSa

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cJa

PBac{QUAS-hSNCA.A53T}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cPa

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.P}

Hsap\SNCA^dNAC.QUAS

PBac{QUAS-hSNCA.dNAC}

Hsap\SNCA^dVQIVYK.QUAS

PBac{QUAS-hSNCA.dVQIVYK}

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKb

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.Kb}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKb

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.Kb}

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cKb

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.E46K.Kb}

Hsap\SNCA^{QUAS.Tag:FLAG.T2A-GFP}

P{QUAS-hSNCA-FLAG-T2A-GFP}

Hsap\SNCA^A53V.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.A53V}

Hsap\SNCA^E46K.UAS.cMa

P{UAS-hSNCA.E46K.M}

Hsap\SNCA^{lexAop.Tag:MYC}

P{lexAop-hSNCA.MYC}

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.mKeima

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mKeima}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mKeima}VK00037

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.mCherry

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mCherry}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.mCherry}VK00037

Hsap\SNCA^{A30P.UAS.mCherry}

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.mCherry}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A30P.mCherry}VK00037; TM2/TM6B, Tb¹

Hsap\SNCA^{A53T.UAS.mCherry}

PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.mCherry}

w^*; PBac{UAS-hSNCA.A53T.mCherry}VK00037

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.F}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.F}5B

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A53T}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A53T}CG7900^15.3

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A30P}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.A30P}40.1

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.K}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.A53T}

Hsap\SNCA^A56P.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.A56P}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.A30P}

Hsap\SNCA^TP.UAS.cKa

M{UAS-alphaSyn.TP}

Hsap\SNCA^{UAS.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT)}

P{UAS-syn.NLS}

Hsap\SNCA^{UAS.Tag:NES(xMAPKK)}

P{UAS-syn.NES}

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cTa

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.T}

w^*; P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.T}LP2

Hsap\SNCA^S129D.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.S129D}

Hsap\SNCA^S129A.UAS

P{UAS-Hsap\SNCA.S129A}

Hsap\SNCA^Y125F.UAS

P{UAS-alphasyn.Y125F}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-SNCA.J}1/CyO

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.EGFP

P{UAS-SNCA.EGFP}

Hsap\SNCA^A30P.UAS.cUa

P{UAS-SNCA.A30P.U}

Hsap\SNCA^A53T.UAS.cUa

P{UAS-SNCA.A53T.U}

w^*; P{UAS-SNCA.A53T.U}2

Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cUa

P{UAS-SNCA.U}

Hsap\SNCA^Δ71-82.UAS

P{UAS-hSNCA.Delta71-82}

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

References (5)

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