FB2026_03 , released September 17, 2026
Human Disease Model Report: cancer, epithelial, NOTCH-LLGL-related
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General Information
Name
cancer, epithelial, NOTCH-LLGL-related
FlyBase ID
FBhh0001055
Disease Ontology Term
Parent Disease
OMIM
Overview

A model of cancer of epidermal origin has been developed using the Drosophila l(2)gl gene in combination with an activated form of the Drosophila Notch (N) gene. See also the human disease model reports 'cancer, epithelial, LLGL-related' (FBhh0000591), and 'cancer, epithelial, Scribble-complex-related' (FBhh0000586).

l(2)gl encodes a component of the Scribble polarity complex; this complex plays a key role in determining cell polarity and cell proliferation in epithelial cells. In human, there are two genes orthologous to Dmel\l(2)gl, the cytoskeletal proteins LLGL1 and LLGL2. Animals homozygous for loss-of-function mutations of Dmel\l(2)gl typically die during the larval stage and exhibit abnormal overproliferation of tissues, including in the brain, imaginal discs, and hematopoietic organs; cell-polarity defects are observed. Classical amorphic and hypomorphic mutations, RNAi-targeting constructs, and alleles caused by insertional mutagenesis have been generated for Dmel\l(2)gl.

The Notch signaling pathway is involved in processes related to cell fate specification, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. In human, there are 4 known genes that encode NOTCH family proteins; there is a single orthologous gene in Drosophila (the founding member of this gene family), Notch or N. In flies, most work relevant to cancer has been done with a constitutively active N transgene; ectopic expression of constitutively active N in somatic clones surrounded by wild-type tissue results in hyperproliferative effects. N is one the most thoroughly studied genes in Drosophila: hundreds of alleles, extensive physical interactions, and an unwieldy number of genetic interactions have been described; see below and in the gene report for N.

In eye discs, RNAi-mediated knockdown of l(2)gl in combination with constitutively active N results in more extreme overproliferation than is observed with either modification alone, resulting in dramatic tissue overgrowth. MMP1 (a reporter for JNK signaling) upregulation and loss of epithelial integrity are observed.

[updated Jun. 2019 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information
Disease Summary: cancer, epithelial, NOTCH-LLGL-related
OMIM report
Human gene(s) implicated
Symptoms and phenotype
Genetics
Cellular phenotype and pathology
Molecular information

LLGL1 and LLGL2 encode cortical cytoskeleton proteins found in a complex involved in maintaining cell polarity and epithelial integrity, the Scribble Cell Polarity Complex. This complex plays a role in the initial phase of the establishment of epithelial cell polarity; it is involved in the regulation of mitotic spindle orientation, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue organization of neuroepithelial cells. [Gene Cards, LLGL1, LLGL2; 2017.08.01]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

In human, there are 4 known genes encoding the NOTCH family of proteins, a group of receptors involved in the Notch signaling pathway. NOTCH proteins are characterized by N-terminal EGF-like repeats followed by LNR domains which form a complex with ligands to prevent signaling. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in processes related to cell fate specification, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. [Gene Cards, NOTCH1; 2017.12.06]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)
External links
Disease synonyms
Ortholog Information
Human gene(s) in FlyBase
Other mammalian ortholog(s) used
    D. melanogaster Gene Information (2)
    Dmel\l(2)gl
    Gene Snapshot
    lethal (2) giant larvae (l(2)gl) encodes a tumor suppressor protein that regulates cell polarity and asymmetric cell division. It acts on the basolateral side of epithelial cells, antagonizing the activity of apical complex proteins encoded by baz, par-6 and aPKC. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
    Molecular function (GO)
    Cellular component (GO)
    Gene Groups / Pathways
    Comments on ortholog(s)

    Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human LLGL1 and LLGL2 (1 Drosophila to 2 human). Dmel\l(2)gl shares 34-36% identity and 51-54% similarity with the human genes.

    Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC
    DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans
    H. sapiens (Human)
    Dmel\N
    Gene Snapshot
    Contributions welcome
    Molecular function (GO)
    Cellular component (GO)
    Gene Groups / Pathways
    Comments on ortholog(s)

    Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 (1 Drosophila to 4 human). Dmel\N shares 33-44% identity and 44-57% similarity with the human genes.

    Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC
    DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans
    H. sapiens (Human)
    Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)
      Summary of Physical Interactions (73 groups)
      l(2)gl
      protein-protein
      Interacting group
      Assay
      References
      l(2)gl
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Betschinger et al., 2005)
      l(2)gl - aPKC
      experimental knowledge based, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Portela et al., 2024, Calero-Cuenca et al., 2016, Goh et al., 2013, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Tian and Deng, 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Betschinger et al., 2003)
      l(2)gl - ball
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Link et al., 2019)
      l(2)gl - ctp
      two hybrid
      (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
      l(2)gl - dsh
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010)
      l(2)gl - Git
      proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
      (Portela et al., 2024)
      l(2)gl - mahj
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Tamori et al., 2010)
      l(2)gl - mts
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Ogawa et al., 2009)
      l(2)gl - Pak
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Bahri et al., 2010)
      l(2)gl - par-1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
      (Tian and Deng, 2008)
      l(2)gl - par-6
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, experimental knowledge based, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Neumüller et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Hutterer et al., 2004, Betschinger et al., 2003)
      l(2)gl - Vap33
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Portela et al., 2024, Portela et al., 2018)
      l(2)gl - Vha44
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Portela et al., 2018)
      l(2)gl - zip
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Betschinger et al., 2005)
      N
      protein-protein
      Interacting group
      Assay
      References
      N
      two hybrid, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      (Pei and Baker, 2008, Fortini and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1994)
      N - Abl
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Koca et al., 2022)
      N - Akap200
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot
      (Bala Tannan et al., 2018)
      N - arm
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Koca et al., 2022, Hayward et al., 2005)
      N - Atg8a
      proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
      (Katz et al., 2025)
      N - baz
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Wu et al., 2024)
      N - Caf1-55
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Yu et al., 2013)
      N - Caf1-105
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Yu et al., 2013)
      N - Caf1-180
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Yu et al., 2013)
      N - Cdk8
      pull down, western blot
      (Park et al., 2003)
      N - CG10916
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      N - Chi
      pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
      (Sachan et al., 2015)
      N - cno
      two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography
      (Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Carmena et al., 2006)
      N - crb
      proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
      (Nemetschke and Knust, 2016)
      N - D
      affinity technology, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity
      (Pérez et al., 2005)
      N - Dab
      pull down, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
      (Kannan et al., 2018, Le Gall et al., 2008, Le Gall and Giniger, 2004, Giniger, 1998)
      N - Delta
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, bead aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, affinity technology, atomic force microscopy, tag visualisation, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity, phenotype-based detection assay, pull down
      (Pandey et al., 2019, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Acar et al., 2008, Pei and Baker, 2008, Xu et al., 2007, Parks et al., 2006, Ahimou et al., 2004, Bruckner et al., 2000, Wesley and Saez, 2000, Wesley, 1999, Rebay et al., 1991, Fehon et al., 1990)
      N - dsh
      pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, autoradiography
      (Capilla et al., 2012, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2010, Hayward et al., 2005, Ramain et al., 2001, Axelrod et al., 1996)
      N - dx
      two hybrid, nuclear magnetic resonance, cosedimentation in solution, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot
      (Carter et al., 2023, Shimizu et al., 2014, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2010, Matsuno et al., 1995, Diederich et al., 1994)
      N - Eip75B
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
      (Wang et al., 2024)
      N - Eogt
      enzymatic study
      (Sakaidani et al., 2011)
      N - htk
      two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Singh et al., 2019)
      N - Kap-α3
      pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid
      (Sachan et al., 2013)
      N - kuz
      protease assay, western blot, inferred by author
      (Pan and Rubin, 1997)
      N - lilli
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Liu et al., 2017)
      N - mam
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, three hybrid, protein three hybrid
      (Gahr et al., 2019, Nagel et al., 2017, Yuan et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2011, Veraksa et al., 2005, Petcherski and Kimble, 2000)
      N - mask
      two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Sarkar et al., 2025)
      N - MED17
      pull down, western blot
      (Park et al., 2003)
      N - MED21
      pull down, western blot
      (Park et al., 2003)
      N - MED31
      pull down, western blot
      (Park et al., 2003)
      N - msn
      coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Mishra et al., 2015)
      N - mura
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Deen et al., 2025)
      N - ND-30
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Lee et al., 2013)
      N - Nedd4
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down
      (Sakata et al., 2004)
      N - numb
      pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
      (Guo et al., 1996)
      N - Ofut1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot
      (Sasamura et al., 2007, Okajima et al., 2005)
      N - Pink1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Lee et al., 2013)
      N - Pngl
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      N - polo
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      N - pyd
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Shimizu et al., 2017)
      N - Rbfox1
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Shukla et al., 2017)
      N - sca
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Petruccelli et al., 2018)
      N - Ser
      affinity technology, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, bead aggregation assay, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, pull down, tag visualisation
      (Pandey et al., 2019, Fleming et al., 2013, Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2007, Pérez et al., 2005, Wesley, 1999, Rebay et al., 1991)
      N - shg
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Sasaki et al., 2007)
      N - spdo
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down
      (Upadhyay et al., 2013, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
      N - Su(dx)
      pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance, western blot
      (Yao et al., 2018, Jennings et al., 2007, Wilkin et al., 2004)
      N - Su(H)
      isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, electron microscopy, two hybrid, protein three hybrid, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, three hybrid, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay
      (Gagliani et al., 2022, Koca et al., 2022, Gahr et al., 2019, Gomez-Lamarca et al., 2018, Nagel et al., 2017, Xu et al., 2017, Yuan et al., 2016, Auer et al., 2015, Contreras et al., 2015, Brockmann et al., 2014, Mishra et al., 2014, Sachan et al., 2013, Kurth et al., 2011, Maier et al., 2011, Kelly et al., 2007, Krejci and Bray, 2007, Cave et al., 2005, Veraksa et al., 2005, Le Gall and Giniger, 2004, Kitagawa et al., 2001, Petcherski and Kimble, 2000, Kidd et al., 1998, Guo et al., 1996, Fortini and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1994)
      N - Taf9
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Xie et al., 2014)
      N - Traf6
      two hybrid, pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
      (Mishra et al., 2014)
      N - trio
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Kannan et al., 2018, Le Gall et al., 2008)
      N - uif
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Loubéry et al., 2014)
      N - Vps26
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Li et al., 2018)
      N - Vps35
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Li et al., 2018)
      N - wg
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot
      (Wesley, 1999)
      N - wry
      inferred by author, confocal microscopy, bead aggregation assay
      (Kim et al., 2010)
      N - yki
      proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
      (Wang et al., 2024)
      N - zip
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot
      (Verma et al., 2024)
      RNA-protein
      Interacting group
      Assay
      References
      N - Sxl
      nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
      (Penn and Schedl, 2007)
      N - TBPH
      pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
      (Swain et al., 2016)
      Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (34 alleles)
      l(2)gl
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      l(2)gl1
      model of  brain cancer
      CEA
      (Betschinger et al., 2006)
      CEA with l(2)gl4
      (Betschinger et al., 2006)
      l(2)gl4
      model of  cancer
      CEA with Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS
      (Fangninou et al., 2023, Liu et al., 2022, Yang et al., 2022)
      CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Guo et al., 2020, Grifoni et al., 2015, Pagliarini and Xu, 2003)
      CEC with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Ma et al., 2014)
      CEA
      (Kurelac et al., 2019, Sollazzo et al., 2018, Janic et al., 2010, Woodhouse et al., 2003)
      model of  carcinoma
      CEA
      (Singh et al., 2022, Sollazzo et al., 2022, Rusu et al., 2021, Biehler et al., 2020, Tamori et al., 2010, Bilder et al., 2000)
      CEA with ykiUAS.cOa.Tag:V5
      (Enzo et al., 2015)
      CEA with ykiUAS.cHa
      (Singh et al., 2022)
      CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Ding et al., 2022, Singh et al., 2022, Ito and Igaki, 2021, Wu et al., 2021, Mishra-Gorur et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Srivastava et al., 2007, Igaki et al., 2006)
      CEA with Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS
      (Sun et al., 2019)
      model of  brain cancer
      CEA
      (Rossi et al., 2018, Beaucher et al., 2007, Woodhouse et al., 2003)
      CEA with l(2)gl1
      (Betschinger et al., 2006)
      model of  kidney cancer
      CEA
      (Zeng et al., 2010)
      model of  neuroblastoma
      CEA
      (Gateff and Schneiderman, 1974)
      l(2)gl4w3
      model of  carcinoma
      CEA
      (Bilder et al., 2000)
      l(2)glunspecified
      model of  cancer
      CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Xu et al., 2023)
      l(2)glHMS01522
      model of  carcinoma
      CEA with MycUAS.Tag:HA
      (Sollazzo et al., 2022)
      CEA
      (Singh et al., 2022)
      l(2)glGD4047
      model of  cancer
      CEA with RpL27A1
      (Grifoni et al., 2015)
      CEA
      (Tamori et al., 2016)
      model of  adenocarcinoma
      CEA with Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS
      (Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)
      CEA with wupAf06492, Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS
      (Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)
      model of  carcinoma
      CEA
      (Chatterjee et al., 2023, Jevitt et al., 2021)
      CEA with NCA.UAS.cUa
      (Jevitt et al., 2021)
      l(2)glKK100777
      model of  leukemia
      CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Arefin et al., 2017)
      model of  brain cancer
      CEA with Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS
      (Manzanero-Ortiz et al., 2021)
      l(2)glHMS01905
      model of  cancer
      CEA
      (Chatterjee et al., 2022)
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
      N
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      NDN.UAS.cUa
      model of  cancer
      CEA with Ras85DV12.cUa.UAS
      (Lee et al., 2021)
      CEA
      (Lee et al., 2021, Tamamouna et al., 2021)
      CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Xu et al., 2023)
      model of  intestinal cancer
      CEA
      (Singh et al., 2016)
      NICN.UAS
      model of  cancer
      CEA
      (Wang et al., 2021, Harsh and Eleftherianos, 2020)
      CEA with Mef2UAS.cUa
      (Harsh and Eleftherianos, 2020)
      model of  carcinoma
      CEA with Mef2UAS.cUa
      (Pallavi et al., 2012)
      CEA with egrUAS.cUa
      (Pallavi et al., 2012)
      model of  brain cancer
      CEA
      (Wang et al., 2006)
      NUAS.cMa
      model of  adenoid cystic carcinoma
      CEA with Hsap\MYBΔC.UAS, XpdRNAi.UAS.012.1, ftRNAi.UAS.012.1, kugRNAi.UAS.012.1
      (Bangi et al., 2021)
      CEA with Hsap\MYBΔC.UAS, XpdRNAi.UAS.012.2, ftRNAi.UAS.012.2, kugRNAi.UAS.012.2
      (Bangi et al., 2021)
      NUAS.icd
      model of  central nervous system cancer
      CEA
      (Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
      NRNAi.P.UAS
      model of  intestinal cancer
      CEA
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      CEA with mysGD15002
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      model of  cancer
      CEA with Ras85DV12.UAS
      (Tamamouna et al., 2021)
      Nintra.GS.UAS
      model of  neurodegenerative disease
      CEA
      (Loewen et al., 2018)
      NUAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis
      model of  brain cancer
      CEA
      (Ojha et al., 2022)
      model of  cancer
      CEA
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      NGD144
      model of  alcohol use disorder
      CEA
      (Petruccelli et al., 2018)
      NGD14477
      model of  intestinal cancer
      CEA
      (Banreti et al., 2022)
      model of  colorectal cancer
      CEA
      (Zipper et al., 2022)
      model of  cancer
      CEA
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      NHD_CFD01184
      model of  intestinal cancer
      CEC with Spyo\Cas9UAS.uM.-FRT
      (Bahuguna et al., 2021)
      CEC with Spyo\Cas9UAS.P2
      (Bahuguna et al., 2021)
      NCA.UAS.cUa
      model of  central nervous system cancer
      CEA
      (Magadi et al., 2020, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
      model of  carcinoma
      CEA with l(2)glGD4047
      (Jevitt et al., 2021)
      model of  adenocarcinoma
      CEA
      (Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)
      CEA with wupAf06492
      (Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)
      model of  cervical cancer
      CEA with Hsap\UBE3AUAS.cRa, HPV18\E6UAS.Tag:MYC
      (Padash Barmchi et al., 2016)
      NRNAi.UAS.cUa
      model of  intestinal cancer
      CEA
      (Ayyaz et al., 2015)
      NΔE.UAS
      model of  central nervous system cancer
      CEA
      (Voutyraki et al., 2023, Voutyraki et al., 2022)
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 22 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      NDN.UAS.cUa
      model of  cancer
      is ameliorated by wgJF01257
      (Lee et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by Atg1UAS.cSa
      (Lee et al., 2021)
      ameliorates  carcinoma
      modeled by Vps25N55
      (Herz et al., 2006)
      modeled by ph-d505, ph-p505
      (Beira et al., 2018)
      ameliorates  intestinal cancer
      modeled by ykiS111A.S168A.S250A.UAS.Tag:V5
      (Pranoto et al., 2023)
      NECN.UAS
      ameliorates  cancer
      modeled by Src64BUAS.cCa
      (Enomoto et al., 2021)
      NFLN.ΔCdc10.UAS
      ameliorates  C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR80.UAS.Tag:FLAG
      (Li et al., 2020)
      NICN.UAS
      model of  cancer
      is ameliorated by DrefJF02232
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by RPA1GL00350
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by SMC5HMC04343
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by fzrGD9960
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by mei-41GL00284
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by mre11HMC02995
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is exacerbated by stgUAS.Tag:HA
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by stgRNAi.UAS.cUa
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by CycEHMS00060
      (Wang et al., 2021)
      exacerbates  cancer
      modeled by Src64BUAS.cCa
      (Enomoto et al., 2021)
      modeled by HipkUAS.Tag:HA
      (Blaquiere et al., 2018)
      exacerbates  carcinoma
      modeled by scrib1
      (Brumby and Richardson, 2003)
      NUAS.icd
      model of  central nervous system cancer
      is ameliorated by hthC1
      (Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
      is exacerbated by miraHMS00347
      (Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
      is ameliorated by svp1
      (Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
      is ameliorated by hthB2
      (Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)
      NRNAi.P.UAS
      model of  intestinal cancer
      is exacerbated by CatHMS00990
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by CatUAS.cUa
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by cncUAS.cSa
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      is exacerbated by Sod2HMS00499
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      is exacerbated by cncHMS00650
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      is ameliorated by Sod2UAS.cMa
      (Chen et al., 2021)
      ameliorates  carcinoma
      modeled by Vps25A3
      (Vaccari and Bilder, 2005)
      Nfa-swb
      ameliorates  Parkinson's disease 1
      modeled by Hsap\SNCAUAS.cJa
      (Rousseaux et al., 2018)
      Nintra.GS.UAS
      ameliorates  cancer
      modeled by Pvrλ.UASp.Tag:MYC
      (Wang et al., 2023)
      exacerbates  carcinoma
      modeled by NkapGD11807
      (Guo et al., 2024)
      Nl1N-ts1
      ameliorates  brain cancer
      modeled by aurA8839
      (Wang et al., 2006)
      ameliorates  frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7
      modeled by Hsap\CHMP2BIntron5.UAS
      (Wilson et al., 2020)
      Nnd-1
      ameliorates  Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia
      modeled by Marcal1UAS.cBa
      (Morimoto et al., 2016)
      Nnd-3
      ameliorates  Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia
      modeled by Marcal1UAS.cBa
      (Morimoto et al., 2016)
      NUAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis
      model of  brain cancer
      is ameliorated by ND-49HM05059
      (Ojha et al., 2022)
      is ameliorated by Scer\NDI1UAS.cBa
      (Ojha et al., 2022)
      ameliorates  C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR80.UAS.Tag:FLAG
      (Li et al., 2020)
      modeled by Zzzz\poly-GA80.UAS.Tag:FLAG
      (Li et al., 2020)
      modeled by Zzzz\poly-PR80.UAS.Tag:FLAG
      (Li et al., 2020)
      model of  cancer
      is ameliorated by TER94JF03402
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by CG11414HMJ23120
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by Cnot4JF03203
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by SARS-CoV-2\nsp1UAS.cZa
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by peloKK101657
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by peloUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by pixJF01190
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      is ameliorated by pixUAS.ORF.Tag:HA
      (Khaket et al., 2024)
      NJF01637
      ameliorates  carcinoma
      modeled by l(2)glGD4047
      (Chatterjee et al., 2023)
      modeled by NkapGD11807
      (Guo et al., 2024)
      NGD14477
      model of  intestinal cancer
      is exacerbated by PcmtGD8637
      (Banreti et al., 2022)
      is exacerbated by PcmtRNAi.UAS
      (Banreti et al., 2022)
      ameliorates  cancer
      modeled by Src64BUAS.cCa
      (Enomoto et al., 2021)
      model of  colorectal cancer
      is ameliorated by mir-277UAS.cSa
      (Zipper et al., 2022)
      ameliorates  brain cancer
      modeled by Vps35E42
      (Li et al., 2018)
      exacerbates  cancer
      modeled by Mps1GL00184
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      modeled by Mps1HMS01546
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      modeled by mad2GLC01381
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      model of  cancer
      is exacerbated by Mps1GL00184
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      is exacerbated by Mps1HMS01546
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      is exacerbated by mad2GLC01381
      (Brás et al., 2021)
      NNICD.UASp
      exacerbates  carcinoma
      modeled by l(2)glGD4047
      (Chatterjee et al., 2023)
      NsfGFP,Tag:FLAG
      ameliorates  Adams-Oliver syndrome
      modeled by Su(H)T4
      (Gagliani et al., 2022)
      NJF02959
      ameliorates  rhabdoid cancer
      modeled by Snr1HMS00363, BacA\p35UAS.cHa
      (Xie et al., 2017)
      NRNAi.lexAop
      ameliorates  carcinoma
      modeled by EgfrUAS.cBa, psqKK111691
      (Boukhatmi et al., 2020)
      NUAS.cGa
      ameliorates  autism spectrum disorder
      modeled by Nrx-IV4304
      (Grice et al., 2015)
      NCA.UAS.cUa
      model of  central nervous system cancer
      is ameliorated by zfh1UAS.cPa
      (Magadi et al., 2020)
      is ameliorated by gcmUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA
      (Magadi et al., 2020)
      exacerbates  carcinoma
      modeled by l(2)glGD4047
      (Jevitt et al., 2021)
      NRNAi.UAS.cUa
      model of  intestinal cancer
      is ameliorated by SmoxJF02320
      (Ayyaz et al., 2015)
      NΔE.UAS
      model of  central nervous system cancer
      is exacerbated by InRA1325D.UAS
      (Voutyraki et al., 2023)
      is ameliorated by InRK1409A.UAS
      (Voutyraki et al., 2023)
      is ameliorated by ImpHMS01168
      (Voutyraki et al., 2023)
      Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
      Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents
      Sources of Stocks
      Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.
      Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page
      Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes
      Allele
      Transgene
      Publicly Available Stocks
      Hsap\LLGL1UAS.cGa
      P{UAS-Hugl1.G}
      Selected Drosophila transgenes
      Allele
      Transgene
      Publicly Available Stocks
      NHD_CFD01184
      P{HD_CFD01184}
      P{hsFLP}1, y1 w1118; P{HD_CFD01184}attP40/CyO-GFP
      NUAS.cGa
      P{UAS-N.G}
      NCA.UAS.cUa
      P{UAS-N.CA.U}
      NΔE.UAS
      P{UAS-Delta.DeltaE}
      y1 w*; P{UAS-Delta.ΔE}B2a2
      NECN.UAS
      P{UAS-N.ECN}
      P{hsFLP}12, y1 w*; P{UAS-N.ECN}2; MKRS/TM2
      NICN.UAS
      P{UAS-N.ICN}
      NFLN.ΔCdc10.UAS
      P{UAS-N.FLNDeltaCdc10}
      Nintra.GS.UAS
      P{UAS-N.intra.GS}
      NUAS.icd
      P{UAS-N.icd}
      NDN.UAS.cUa
      P{UAS-N.DN.U}
      NUAS.cMa
      P{UAS-Nfull}
      w*; P{UAS-Nfull}3
      NUAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis
      P{UAS-N.V5}
      NsfGFP,Tag:FLAG
      PBac{N-GFP.FLAG}
      y1 w*; PBac{N-GFP.FLAG}VK00033/TM6C, Sb1
      NNICD.UASp
      P{UASp-N.NICD}
      RNAi constructs available
      Allele
      Transgene
      Publicly Available Stocks
      NRNAi.lexAop
      P{lexAop-N.RNAi}
      NRNAi.13xlexAop.cZa
      P{13xlexAop-N.RNAi.Z}
      NlexAop.HMS00009
      M{lexAop-HMS00009}
      NRNAi.UAS.cUa
      P{UAS-N.RNAi.U}
      NRNAi.P.UAS
      P{UAS-N.RNAi.M}
      w*; P{UAS-N.RNAi.P}9G
      NRNAi.G.UAS
      P{UAS-N.RNAi.G}
      NGD144
      P{GD144}
      w1118; P{GD144}v1112
      NGD14477
      P{GD14477}
      w1118; P{GD14477}v27228/TM3
      NGD2640
      P{GD2640}
      NKK102890
      P{KK102890}
      P{KK102890}VIE-260B
      NJF02959
      P{TRiP.JF02959}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02959}attP2
      NJF01637
      P{TRiP.JF01637}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01637}attP2
      NJF01043
      P{TRiP.JF01043}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01043}attP2
      NJF01053
      P{TRiP.JF01053}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01053}attP2
      NJF01356
      P{TRiP.JF01356}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01356}attP2
      NJF01693
      P{TRiP.JF01693}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01693}attP2
      NJF01047
      P{TRiP.JF01047}
      NJF01892
      P{TRiP.JF01892}
      NJF01891
      P{TRiP.JF01891}
      NJF01893
      P{TRiP.JF01893}
      NJF01358
      P{TRiP.JF01358}
      NJF02179
      P{TRiP.JF02179}
      NNIG.3936R
      P{NIG.3936R}
      P{NIG.3936R}2
      NHMS00001
      P{TRiP.HMS00001}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.HMS00001}attP2
      NHMS00009
      P{TRiP.HMS00009}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.HMS00009}attP2
      NRNAi.UAS
      P{UAS-N.RNAi}
      NGL00092
      P{TRiP.GL00092}
      y1 sc* v1 sev21; P{TRiP.GL00092}attP2
      NGLV21004
      P{TRiP.GLV21004}
      y1 sc* v1 sev21; P{TRiP.GLV21004}attP2
      NRNAi.UAS.cHa
      P{UAS-N.RNAi.H}
      NTRiP.valium1
      P{TRiP.N.valium1}
      l(2)glRNAi.UAS.cBa
      P{UAS-l(2)gl.RNAi.B}
      l(2)glRNAi.UAS.cUa
      P{UAS-l(2)gl.RNAi.U}
      l(2)glGD4047
      P{GD4047}
      w1118; P{GD4047}v51247
      l(2)glJF01073
      P{TRiP.JF01073}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01073}attP2
      l(2)glJF01553
      P{TRiP.JF01553}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01553}attP2
      l(2)glKK100777
      P{KK100777}
      P{KK100777}VIE-260B
      l(2)glHMS01522
      P{TRiP.HMS01522}
      y1 sc* v1 sev21; P{TRiP.HMS01522}attP2
      l(2)glGL00645
      P{TRiP.GL00645}
      y1 sc* v1 sev21; P{TRiP.GL00645}attP40
      l(2)glHMS01905
      P{TRiP.HMS01905}
      y1 v1; P{TRiP.HMS01905}attP40
      Selected Drosophila classical alleles
      Allele
      Allele class
      Mutagen
      Publicly Available Stocks
      NETX52
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      Delta2-3 transposase
      N55e11
      loss of function allele
      spontaneous
      N55e11 P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c
      Nfa-g
      loss of function allele
      spontaneous
      wa Nfa-g; Rho1E3.10/CyO
      N264-40
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      X ray
      wa N264-40 rb1/C(1)DX, y1 f1; Dp(1;2)72c21/+
      NFE1
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      Nl1N-ts1
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      y1 Nl1N-ts1 g2 f1/C(1)DX, y1 w1 f1
      NS-317
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      Nl1N-2
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      gamma ray
      NFX9
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NFE2
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NFX8
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      N1
      loss of function allele
      y1 w* N1/FM7c, P{GAL4-twi.G}108.4, P{UAS-2xEGFP}AX
      NFX4
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NeU10
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      NeAS7b
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      N60g11
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      X ray
      NFX2
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NXL86
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      N2
      loss of function allele
      NFX5
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NFX7
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NYi66
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      N264-47
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      N264-39
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      wch2 N264-39/FM4, Bar+
      NX81K1
      loss of function allele
      Nfa-swb
      X ray
      wa Nfa-swb
      N3
      loss of function allele
      N3b22
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      NFX6
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NXK11
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      Nnd-1
      loss of function allele
      spontaneous
      Nnd-1 rb1
      NM1
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      NFX3
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NFX1
      loss of function allele
      X ray
      NX114
      loss of function allele
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      N66l2
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      Nnd-3
      X ray
      Nnd-3 rb1/C(1)DX, y1 f1
      l(2)gl275
      loss of function allele
      spontaneous
      l(2)glunspecified
      l(2)gl4
      amorphic allele - genetic evidence
      spontaneous
      y1 w67c23; l(2)gl4/CyO, y+
      l(2)gl4w3
      w*; l(2)gl4w3 P{neoFRT}40A P{FRT(whs)}G13/CyO
      l(2)gl1
      spontaneous
      l(2)glts3
      ethyl methanesulfonate
      y1 w*; l(2)glts3 cn1 speck1/CyO, y+
      l(2)glGX7w-
      amorphic allele - molecular evidence
      ends-out gene targeting
      References (6)