Human Disease Model Report: cancer, neural stem cell dedifferentiation

General Information

Name

cancer, neural stem cell dedifferentiation

FlyBase ID

FBhh0001139

Disease Ontology Term

central nervous system cancer

Parent Disease

OMIM

Overview

This report describes use of Drosophila neural stem cells to investigate the processes that normally prevent dedifferentiation. Cellular dedifferentiation is the regression of a cell from a specialized state to a more multipotent state. This process may be implicated in the development of cancer in general and has been proposed, specifically, to contribute to development of glioblastoma.

Notch (N) signaling is central to the self-renewal of neural stem cells (and stem cells of other tissues); Notch hyperactivation in neural stem cells results in dedifferentiation. A number of genes that play a role in this process have been identified, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E1), the transcription factor lola, and the microRNA mir-ban. See also the human disease model report 'cancer, multiple, Notch signaling pathway' (FBhh0000766).

The zinc finger transcription factor nerfin-1 has been characterized extensively in the context of this cancer model. nerfin-1 is expressed in post-mitotic larval neurons and is necessary to maintain their differentiated status. There are two genes orthologous to nerfin-1 in human, the transcriptional regulators INSM1 and INSM2; INSM1 is known to play a key role in neurogenesis and neuroendocrine cell differentiation during embryonic and fetal development. There is a second related gene in Drosophila, nerfin-2. Neither human gene, INSM1 or INSM2, has been introduced into flies.

In order to assess loss-of-function phenotypes of nerfin-1, somatic clones were generated in the larval CNS. In the absence of nerfin-1, neurons dedifferentiate, rapidly increase in size, undergo reversion to acquire a neuroblast cell fate, and become highly proliferative. Clones continue to be highly proliferative during adult stages, producing neural tumors and resulting in a reduced lifespan; these tumors were capable of metastasis when transplanted into the abdomen of naive adult hosts, migrating to distant organs such as the eye. Ectopic expression of nerfin-1 promotes premature differentiation and neuroblast loss. The work in this system primarily addresses the dedifferentiation of type I neural stem cells.

In Drosophila, multiple genes have been found to impact dedifferentiation of type II neural stem cells, including components of the integrator complex. Several recently described neurodevelopmental diseases in human are associated with genes of the integrator complex (see FBhh0001140).

[updated Nov. 2019 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Disease Summary: cancer, neural stem cell dedifferentiation

OMIM report

Human gene(s) implicated

Symptoms and phenotype

In a mouse model of glioblastoma, it was observed that differentiated cells in the CNS appear to undergo dedifferentiation to generate a neural stem cell or progenitor state to initiate and maintain the tumor progression (Friedmann-Morvinski et al., 2012; pubmed:23087000).

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

Genetics

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

INSM1 encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in neurogenesis and neuroendocrine cell differentiation during embryonic and/or fetal development. [Gene Cards, INSM1; 2019.11.07]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

External links

Gene2Function (human gene): INSM1 INSM transcriptional repressor 1
Gene2Function (human gene): INSM2 INSM transcriptional repressor 2
Gene Cards: INSM1 gene
Gene Cards: INSM2 gene
Gene Cards: INSM1 INSM transcriptional repressor 1
Gene Cards: INSM2 INSM transcriptional repressor 2
MARRVEL (human gene): INSM2 INSM transcriptional repressor 2
MARRVEL (human gene): INSM1 INSM transcriptional repressor 1
NCBI (Entrez) gene: INSM1 INSM transcriptional repressor 1
NCBI (Entrez) gene: INSM2 INSM transcriptional repressor 2

Disease synonyms

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

cancer, multiple, Notch signaling pathway

neurodevelopmental disorder, neural stem cell dedifferentiation

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (5)

Dmel\eIF4E1

Gene Snapshot

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E1 (eIF4E1) encodes a component of the eIF4F cap-binding complex that is essential for cap-dependent translation of mRNA. The product of eIF4E1 binds the 7-methyl-guanosine cap structure of mRNA. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human EIF4E and EIF4E1B (multiple related genes in both species). Dmel\eIF4E1 shares 40-42% identity and 51-62% similarity with the human genes.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\nerfin-1

Gene Snapshot

nervous fingers 1 (nerfin-1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that regulates early axon guidance at the embryonic stage and is required for the maintenance of larval neuron differentiation. In the larval medulla cortex, nerfin-1 is expressed in medulla neurons at the early stage and protects them from dedifferentiation via the repression of Notch signaling pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-11]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

ZF-C2H2

Comments on ortholog(s)

Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human INSM1 and INSM2 (2 Drosophila to 2 human). Dmel\nerfin-1 shares 27% identity and 36-37% similarity with the human genes.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\N

Gene Snapshot

Contributions welcome

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, NOTCH4 (1 Drosophila to 4 human). Dmel\N shares 43-44% identity and 56-57% similarity with NOTCH1 and NOTCH2.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\lola

Gene Snapshot

longitudinals lacking (lola) encodes a protein involved in Notch signaling, cell death, regulation of retrotransposons and expression of axon and dendrite patterning genes. It contributes to oogenesis, spermatogenesis, neural wiring, eye development and a variety of behaviors. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

Low-scoring ortholog of human ZBTB20; many related genes in both species.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\mir-ban

Gene Snapshot

Contributions welcome

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

5' seed sequence homologous to that of human MIR450B-3p (FBrf0242402).

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (149 groups)

eIF4E1

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

eIF4E1 - 4E-T

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, x-ray crystallography, western blot, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Ruscica et al., 2019, Peter et al., 2015, Igreja et al., 2014)

eIF4E1 - AGO1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Iwasaki et al., 2009)

eIF4E1 - AGO2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Iwasaki et al., 2009)

eIF4E1 - aub

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, affinity technology, tag visualisation by luciferase assay

(Ramat et al., 2020, Ma et al., 2017)

eIF4E1 - bcd

pull down, western blot, autoradiography

(Niessing et al., 2002)

eIF4E1 - bel

pull down, western blot

(Yarunin et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - bru1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Nakamura et al., 2004)

eIF4E1 - CG5347

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

eIF4E1 - cup

pull down, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, molecular weight estimation by staining, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, two hybrid, x-ray crystallography

(Salgania et al., 2024, Peter et al., 2015, Igreja et al., 2014, Kinkelin et al., 2012, Igreja and Izaurralde, 2011, Iwasaki et al., 2009, Nakamura et al., 2004, Nelson et al., 2004, Zappavigna et al., 2004, Wilhelm et al., 2003)

eIF4E1 - Diap1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, enzymatic study, pull down

(Lee et al., 2007)

eIF4E1 - Dsor1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - eIF4E3

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Layana et al., 2023)

eIF4E1 - eIF4G1

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, affinity chromatography technology, autoradiography, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, classical fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography, cosedimentation

(Wang et al., 2017, Grüner et al., 2016, Zuberek et al., 2016, Ghosh and Lasko, 2015, Peter et al., 2015, Igreja et al., 2014, Hernández et al., 2013, Hernandez et al., 2012, Iwasaki et al., 2009, Baker and Fuller, 2007, Hernandez et al., 2005, Hernandez et al., 2004, Zappavigna et al., 2004, Hernandez et al., 1998, Zapata et al., 1994)

eIF4E1 - eIF4G2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Ghosh and Lasko, 2015, Hernandez et al., 2012, Baker and Fuller, 2007)

eIF4E1 - exu

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wilhelm et al., 2003)

eIF4E1 - fl(2)d

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - Gld2

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Kwak et al., 2008)

eIF4E1 - Gsc

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

eIF4E1 - Lk6

enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Arquier et al., 2005, Parra-Palau et al., 2005)

eIF4E1 - me31B

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, peptide massfingerprinting

(Layana et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2017, Nakamura et al., 2004)

eIF4E1 - mxt

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, far western blotting, autoradiography

(Peter et al., 2015, Hernández et al., 2013)

eIF4E1 - pAbp

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Wang et al., 2017, Lim et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - park

pull down, western blot

(Ottone et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - RpL10Ab

pull down, western blot

(Antic et al., 2015)

eIF4E1 - SERCA

two hybrid

(Santalla et al., 2022)

eIF4E1 - smg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Nelson et al., 2004)

eIF4E1 - snf

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - snRNP-U1-70K

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - Sumo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, comigration in sds page, anti tag western blot, pull down, covalent binding, western blot

(Pirone et al., 2017, Nie et al., 2009)

eIF4E1 - Sxl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - Thor

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, peptide massfingerprinting, far western blotting, autoradiography, x-ray crystallography, two hybrid

(Grüner et al., 2016, Vinayagam et al., 2016, Peter et al., 2015, Peter et al., 2015, Igreja et al., 2014, Hernández et al., 2013, Hernandez et al., 2012, Glatter et al., 2011, Hernandez et al., 2005)

eIF4E1 - tyf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Lim et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - U2af38

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - U2af50

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - yps

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wilhelm et al., 2003)

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

eIF4E1 - nanos

pull down, western blot

(Jeske et al., 2011)

eIF4E1 - pum

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography

(Menon et al., 2004)

eIF4E1 - Sxl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Graham et al., 2011)

nerfin-1

RNA-RNA

Interacting group

Assay

References

nerfin-1 - mir-9b

luminiscence technology

(Kuzuoğlu-Öztürk et al., 2016, Zekri et al., 2013, Eulalio et al., 2008)

nerfin-1 - mir-279

luminiscence technology, necessary binding region, immunohistochemistry

(Zekri et al., 2013, Hartl et al., 2011, Cayirlioglu et al., 2008, Eulalio et al., 2008)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

nerfin-1 - Cdep

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

nerfin-1 - CtBP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Guo et al., 2019)

nerfin-1 - HDAC1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Guo et al., 2019)

nerfin-1 - sd

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, western blot

(Guo et al., 2019, Vissers et al., 2018, Rhee et al., 2014)

nerfin-1 - slmb

experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Lin et al., 2018, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

nerfin-1 - yki

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, anti tag western blot

(Guo et al., 2019, Rhee et al., 2014)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

two hybrid, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy, molecular weight

(Kelly et al., 2010, Pei and Baker, 2008, Fortini and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1994)

N - Abl

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Koca et al., 2022)

N - Akap200

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Bala Tannan et al., 2018)

N - arm

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Koca et al., 2022, Hayward et al., 2005)

N - Atg8a

proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Katz et al., 2025)

N - baz

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Wu et al., 2024)

N - Caf1-55

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2013)

N - Caf1-105

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2013)

N - Caf1-180

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yu et al., 2013)

N - Cdk8

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - CG10916

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

N - Chi

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Sachan et al., 2015)

N - cno

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid

(Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Carmena et al., 2006)

N - crb

proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Nemetschke and Knust, 2016)

N - D

affinity technology, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity

(Pérez et al., 2005)

N - Dab

pull down, autoradiography, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Kannan et al., 2018, Le Gall et al., 2008, Le Gall and Giniger, 2004, Giniger, 1998)

N - Delta

affinity technology, inferred by author, bead aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, tag visualisation, phenotype-based detection assay, cross-linking study, pull down, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity, atomic force microscopy

(Pandey et al., 2019, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Acar et al., 2008, Pei and Baker, 2008, Xu et al., 2007, Parks et al., 2006, Ahimou et al., 2004, Bruckner et al., 2000, Wesley and Saez, 2000, Wesley, 1999, Rebay et al., 1991, Fehon et al., 1990)

N - dsh

pull down, western blot, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid

(Capilla et al., 2012, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2010, Hayward et al., 2005, Ramain et al., 2001, Axelrod et al., 1996)

N - dx

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, two hybrid, cosedimentation in solution, predetermined participant, anti tag western blot

(Carter et al., 2023, Shimizu et al., 2014, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2010, Matsuno et al., 1995, Diederich et al., 1994)

N - Eip75B

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Wang et al., 2024)

N - Eogt

enzymatic study

(Sakaidani et al., 2011)

N - htk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, anti tag western blot

(Singh et al., 2019)

N - Kap-α3

two hybrid, pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Sachan et al., 2013)

N - kuz

protease assay, western blot, inferred by author

(Pan and Rubin, 1997)

N - lilli

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liu et al., 2017)

N - mam

three hybrid, protein three hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gahr et al., 2019, Nagel et al., 2017, Yuan et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2011, Veraksa et al., 2005, Petcherski and Kimble, 2000)

N - mask

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid

(Sarkar et al., 2025)

N - MED17

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - MED21

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - MED31

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

N - msn

coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Mishra et al., 2015)

N - ND-30

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2013)

N - Nedd4

pull down, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Sakata et al., 2004)

N - numb

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Guo et al., 1996)

N - Ofut1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Sasamura et al., 2007, Okajima et al., 2005)

N - Pink1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2013)

N - Pngl

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

N - polo

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

N - pyd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Shimizu et al., 2017)

N - Rbfox1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Shukla et al., 2017)

N - sca

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Petruccelli et al., 2018)

N - Ser

inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot, pull down, tag visualisation by alkaline phosphatase activity, affinity technology, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, bead aggregation assay, tag visualisation, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Pandey et al., 2019, Fleming et al., 2013, Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2007, Pérez et al., 2005, Wesley, 1999, Rebay et al., 1991)

N - shg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sasaki et al., 2007)

N - spdo

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down

(Upadhyay et al., 2013, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)

N - Su(dx)

pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance, western blot

(Yao et al., 2018, Jennings et al., 2007, Wilkin et al., 2004)

N - Su(H)

protein three hybrid, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, cosedimentation, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, coimmunoprecipitation, electron microscopy, three hybrid

N - Taf9

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Xie et al., 2014)

N - Traf6

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Mishra et al., 2014)

N - trio

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kannan et al., 2018, Le Gall et al., 2008)

N - uif

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Loubéry et al., 2014)

N - Vps26

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

N - Vps35

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

N - wg

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking study, western blot

(Wesley, 1999)

N - wry

inferred by author, confocal microscopy, bead aggregation assay

(Kim et al., 2010)

N - yki

proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Wang et al., 2024)

N - zip

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot

(Verma et al., 2024)

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

N - Sxl

nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Penn and Schedl, 2007)

N - TBPH

pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Swain et al., 2016)

lola

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

lola

pull down, tag visualisation, x ray scattering, two hybrid, molecular sieving, static light scattering, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Bonchuk et al., 2024, Silva et al., 2016, Kazemian et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2003)

lola - BtbVII

two hybrid

(Bonchuk et al., 2024)

lola - CG3726

two hybrid

(Bonchuk et al., 2024)

lola - CkIIα-i3

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

lola - for

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Peng et al., 2016)

lola - fru

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Bonchuk et al., 2024, Sato et al., 2019)

lola - Hr78

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

lola - JIL-1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, two hybrid

(Zhang et al., 2003)

lola - lov

two hybrid

(Bonchuk et al., 2024)

lola - mamo

two hybrid

(Bonchuk et al., 2024)

lola - osk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Hurd et al., 2016)

lola - rib

two hybrid

(Bonchuk et al., 2024, Silva et al., 2016)

lola - sima

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

lola - tono

two hybrid, two hybrid array, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bonchuk et al., 2024, Shokri et al., 2019)

lola - Trl

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Bonchuk et al., 2024, Lomaev et al., 2017)

lola - ttk

two hybrid

(Bonchuk et al., 2024)

lola - wts

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Hao et al., 2020)

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

lola - B52

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, full identification by DNA sequencing

(Kim et al., 2003)

lola - Caper

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, full identification by RNA sequencing, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Titus et al., 2023)

mir-ban

RNA-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

mir-ban - AGO1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, filter binding, competition binding, autoradiography, pull down, western blot, nuclease footprinting

(Kakumani et al., 2020, Wen et al., 2015, Yang et al., 2014, Carré et al., 2013, Hur et al., 2013, Nishida et al., 2013, Eulalio et al., 2009, Flynt et al., 2009, Miyoshi et al., 2009, Eulalio et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Förstemann et al., 2007, Rehwinkel et al., 2006, Miyoshi et al., 2005, Okamura et al., 2004)

mir-ban - AGO2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, filter binding, autoradiography

(Yang et al., 2014, Hur et al., 2013, Rehwinkel et al., 2006, Okamura et al., 2004)

mir-ban - bel

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

mir-ban - Dcr-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, enzymatic study

(Liu et al., 2007, Ye et al., 2007, Saito et al., 2005)

mir-ban - drosha

enzymatic study, northern blot

(Denli et al., 2004)

mir-ban - Fmr1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Yang et al., 2009, Okamura et al., 2004)

mir-ban - gw

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Eulalio et al., 2009, Eulalio et al., 2009, Miyoshi et al., 2009, Zekri et al., 2009)

mir-ban - His1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Liu et al., 2016)

mir-ban - loqs

fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Tants et al., 2017, Miyoshi et al., 2009, Saito et al., 2005)

mir-ban - pasha

enzymatic study, northern blot

(Denli et al., 2004)

mir-ban - Ran

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

mir-ban - ref(2)P

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Ghosh et al., 2024)

mir-ban - RpL21

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

mir-ban - RpL22

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

mir-ban - RpL32

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

mir-ban - RpS7

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

mir-ban - SmD1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Xiong et al., 2015)

mir-ban - Unr

pull down, western blot

(Kakumani et al., 2020)

mir-ban - vig

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, northern blot

(Zhou et al., 2008)

RNA-RNA

Interacting group

Assay

References

mir-ban - cic

luminiscence technology, necessary binding region

(Herranz et al., 2012)

mir-ban - Clk

luminiscence technology, necessary binding region

(Kadener et al., 2009)

mir-ban - hid

luminiscence technology, fluorescence technology, necessary binding region, immunohistochemistry

(Shen et al., 2015, Kertesz et al., 2007, Leaman et al., 2005, Robins et al., 2005, Brennecke et al., 2003)

mir-ban - Mad

luminiscence technology, necessary binding region

(Robins et al., 2005)

mir-ban - mei-P26

immunohistochemistry, luminiscence technology, necessary binding region

(Herranz et al., 2010)

mir-ban - numb

luminiscence technology, necessary binding region

(Wu et al., 2017)

mir-ban - Tgi

western blot, luminiscence technology, necessary binding region, immunohistochemistry

(Shen et al., 2015)

mir-ban - trbl

fluorescence technology

(Gerlach et al., 2019)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (40 alleles)

eIF4E1

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

eIF4E1^S058911

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\LRRK2^UAS.cVa

(Penney et al., 2016)

modeled by Lrrk^UAS.cIa

(Penney et al., 2016)

eIF4E1^UAS.cRa

exacerbates Parkinson's disease 6

modeled by Pink1^RNAi.UAS.cYa

(Liu and Lu, 2010)

eIF4E1^GD1432

ameliorates brain glioma

modeled by btl::Egfr^λ.UAS, Pi3K92E^{UAS.Tag:MYC,Tag:PM(hKRAS)}

(Read et al., 2009)

eIF4E1^NIG.4035R

exacerbates C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR^PO-36.UAS

(Park et al., 2021)

nerfin-1

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

nerfin-1¹⁵⁹

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2016)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

N^DN.UAS.cUa

model of cancer

CEA with Ras85D^V12.cUa.UAS

(Lee et al., 2021)

CEA

(Lee et al., 2021, Tamamouna et al., 2021)

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Xu et al., 2023)

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Singh et al., 2016)

N^ICN.UAS

model of cancer

CEA

(Wang et al., 2021, Harsh and Eleftherianos, 2020)

CEA with Mef2^UAS.cUa

(Harsh and Eleftherianos, 2020)

model of carcinoma

CEA with Mef2^UAS.cUa

(Pallavi et al., 2012)

CEA with egr^UAS.cUa

(Pallavi et al., 2012)

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Wang et al., 2006)

N^UAS.cMa

model of adenoid cystic carcinoma

CEA with Hsap\MYB^ΔC.UAS, Xpd^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}, ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}, kug^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}

(Bangi et al., 2021)

CEA with Hsap\MYB^ΔC.UAS, Xpd^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}, ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}, kug^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}

(Bangi et al., 2021)

N^UAS.icd

model of central nervous system cancer

CEA

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

N^RNAi.P.UAS

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Chen et al., 2021)

CEA with mys^GD15002

(Chen et al., 2021)

model of cancer

CEA with Ras85D^V12.UAS

(Tamamouna et al., 2021)

N^intra.GS.UAS

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Loewen et al., 2018)

N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

model of brain cancer

CEA

(Ojha et al., 2022)

model of cancer

CEA

(Khaket et al., 2024)

N^GD144

model of alcohol use disorder

CEA

(Petruccelli et al., 2018)

N^GD14477

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Banreti et al., 2022)

model of colorectal cancer

CEA

(Zipper et al., 2022)

model of cancer

CEA

(Brás et al., 2021)

N^HD_CFD01184

model of intestinal cancer

CEC with Spyo\Cas9^UAS.uM.-FRT

(Bahuguna et al., 2021)

CEC with Spyo\Cas9^UAS.P2

(Bahuguna et al., 2021)

N^CA.UAS.cUa

model of central nervous system cancer

CEA

(Magadi et al., 2020, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

model of carcinoma

CEA with l(2)gl^GD4047

(Jevitt et al., 2021)

model of adenocarcinoma

CEA

(Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)

CEA with wupA^f06492

(Casas-Tintó et al., 2016)

model of cervical cancer

CEA with Hsap\UBE3A^UAS.cRa, HPV18\E6^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Padash Barmchi et al., 2016)

N^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of intestinal cancer

CEA

(Ayyaz et al., 2015)

N^ΔE.UAS

model of central nervous system cancer

CEA

(Voutyraki et al., 2023, Voutyraki et al., 2022)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 22 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

N^DN.UAS.cUa

model of cancer

is ameliorated by wg^JF01257

(Lee et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Atg1^UAS.cSa

(Lee et al., 2021)

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Vps25^N55

(Herz et al., 2006)

modeled by ph-d⁵⁰⁵, ph-p⁵⁰⁵

(Beira et al., 2018)

ameliorates intestinal cancer

modeled by yki^{S111A.S168A.S250A.UAS.Tag:V5}

(Pranoto et al., 2023)

N^ECN.UAS

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Src64B^UAS.cCa

(Enomoto et al., 2021)

N^{FLN.ΔCdc10.UAS}

ameliorates C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

N^ICN.UAS

model of cancer

is ameliorated by CycE^HMS00060

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Dref^JF02232

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by RPA1^GL00350

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by SMC5^HMC04343

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by fzr^GD9960

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by mei-41^GL00284

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by mre11^HMC02995

(Wang et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by stg^UAS.Tag:HA

(Wang et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by stg^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Wang et al., 2021)

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Src64B^UAS.cCa

(Enomoto et al., 2021)

modeled by Hipk^UAS.Tag:HA

(Blaquiere et al., 2018)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by scrib¹

(Brumby and Richardson, 2003)

N^UAS.icd

model of central nervous system cancer

is ameliorated by hth^C1

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

is exacerbated by mira^HMS00347

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by svp¹

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by hth^B2

(Zacharioudaki et al., 2016)

N^RNAi.P.UAS

model of intestinal cancer

is exacerbated by Cat^HMS00990

(Chen et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Cat^UAS.cUa

(Chen et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Chen et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by cnc^HMS00650

(Chen et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Sod2^HMS00499

(Chen et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by cnc^UAS.cSa

(Chen et al., 2021)

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Vps25^A3

(Vaccari and Bilder, 2005)

N^fa-swb

ameliorates Parkinson's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cJa

(Rousseaux et al., 2018)

N^intra.GS.UAS

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Pvr^{λ.UASp.Tag:MYC}

(Wang et al., 2023)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by Nkap^GD11807

(Guo et al., 2024)

N^l1N-ts1

ameliorates brain cancer

modeled by aurA⁸⁸³⁹

(Wang et al., 2006)

ameliorates frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7

modeled by Hsap\CHMP2B^Intron5.UAS

(Wilson et al., 2020)

N^nd-1

ameliorates Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia

modeled by Marcal1^UAS.cBa

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

N^nd-3

ameliorates Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia

modeled by Marcal1^UAS.cBa

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

model of brain cancer

is ameliorated by ND-49^HM05059

(Ojha et al., 2022)

is ameliorated by Scer\NDI1^UAS.cBa

(Ojha et al., 2022)

ameliorates C9orf72 frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

modeled by Zzzz\poly-GA^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

modeled by Zzzz\poly-PR^{80.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Li et al., 2020)

model of cancer

is ameliorated by TER94^JF03402

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pelo^KK101657

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pelo^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pix^JF01190

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by pix^{UAS.ORF.Tag:HA}

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by CG11414^HMJ23120

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by Cnot4^JF03203

(Khaket et al., 2024)

is ameliorated by SARS-CoV-2\nsp1^UAS.cZa

(Khaket et al., 2024)

N^JF01637

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by l(2)gl^GD4047

(Chatterjee et al., 2023)

modeled by Nkap^GD11807

(Guo et al., 2024)

N^GD14477

model of intestinal cancer

is exacerbated by Pcmt^GD8637

(Banreti et al., 2022)

is exacerbated by Pcmt^RNAi.UAS

(Banreti et al., 2022)

ameliorates cancer

modeled by Src64B^UAS.cCa

(Enomoto et al., 2021)

model of colorectal cancer

is ameliorated by mir-277^UAS.cSa

(Zipper et al., 2022)

ameliorates brain cancer

modeled by Vps35^E42

(Li et al., 2018)

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Mps1^GL00184

(Brás et al., 2021)

modeled by Mps1^HMS01546

(Brás et al., 2021)

modeled by mad2^GLC01381

(Brás et al., 2021)

model of cancer

is exacerbated by Mps1^GL00184

(Brás et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by Mps1^HMS01546

(Brás et al., 2021)

is exacerbated by mad2^GLC01381

(Brás et al., 2021)

N^NICD.UASp

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by l(2)gl^GD4047

(Chatterjee et al., 2023)

N^{sfGFP,Tag:FLAG}

ameliorates Adams-Oliver syndrome

modeled by Su(H)^T4

(Gagliani et al., 2022)

N^JF02959

ameliorates rhabdoid cancer

modeled by Snr1^HMS00363, BacA\p35^UAS.cHa

(Xie et al., 2017)

N^RNAi.lexAop

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Egfr^UAS.cBa, psq^KK111691

(Boukhatmi et al., 2020)

N^UAS.cGa

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Nrx-IV⁴³⁰⁴

(Grice et al., 2015)

N^CA.UAS.cUa

model of central nervous system cancer

is ameliorated by zfh1^UAS.cPa

(Magadi et al., 2020)

is ameliorated by gcm^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

(Magadi et al., 2020)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by l(2)gl^GD4047

(Jevitt et al., 2021)

N^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of intestinal cancer

is ameliorated by Smox^JF02320

(Ayyaz et al., 2015)

N^ΔE.UAS

model of central nervous system cancer

is exacerbated by InR^A1325D.UAS

(Voutyraki et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by InR^K1409A.UAS

(Voutyraki et al., 2023)

is ameliorated by Imp^HMS01168

(Voutyraki et al., 2023)

lola

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

lola^GS88A8

model of cancer

CEA with Delta^UAS.cDa, psq^GS88A8

(Even et al., 2019, Vallejo et al., 2011, Bossuyt et al., 2009, Ferres-Marco et al., 2006)

CEA with psq^GS88A8

(Vicente et al., 2018, Vallejo et al., 2011, Herz et al., 2010)

CEC with psq^GS88A8

(Barrios et al., 2015)

model of carcinoma

CEA with Delta^UAS.cDa

(Pérez et al., 2015)

model of hematologic cancer

CEA with Delta^UAS.cDa, ct^RNAi.cGa.UAS, psq^GS88A8

(Zhai et al., 2012)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

lola^KK110256

exacerbates retinitis pigmentosa

modeled by ninaE^G69D.UAS

(Chow et al., 2016)

mir-ban

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

mir-ban^C.UAS.EGFP

model of carcinoma

CEA with Egfr^UAS.cBa

(Herranz et al., 2012)

model of cancer

CEA with Rab5^LL00467

(Cong et al., 2021)

mir-ban^UAS.cUa

model of cancer

CEA with Egfr^UAS.cBa

(Eichenlaub et al., 2016)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

mir-ban^{sponge.UAS.DsRed(Unk)}

ameliorates carcinoma

modeled by Ras85D^V12.UAS, l(2)gl⁴

(Ito and Igaki, 2021)

mir-ban^D.UAS.EGFP

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Bilen et al., 2006)

mir-ban^B90.1

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Bilen et al., 2006)

mir-ban^EP3208

exacerbates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Bilen et al., 2006)

mir-ban^C.UAS.EGFP

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Zzzz\CAG^{127Q.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Dubey and Tapadia, 2018)

mir-ban^Δ.as.B.UAS

exacerbates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Bilen et al., 2006)

mir-ban^EP3622

exacerbates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Bilen et al., 2006)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

N^HD_CFD01184

P{HD_CFD01184}

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD01184}attP40/CyO-GFP

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-Delta.ΔE}B2a2

N^ECN.UAS

P{UAS-N.ECN}

P{hsFLP}12, y¹ w^*; P{UAS-N.ECN}2; MKRS/TM2

N^ICN.UAS

P{UAS-N.ICN}

N^{FLN.ΔCdc10.UAS}

P{UAS-N.FLNDeltaCdc10}

N^{UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

P{UAS-N.V5}

N^{sfGFP,Tag:FLAG}

PBac{N-GFP.FLAG}

y¹ w^*; PBac{N-GFP.FLAG}VK00033/TM6C, Sb¹

w^*; P{UAS-eIF4E1.R}2

mir-ban^UAS.cUa

P{UAS-mir-ban.U}

mir-ban^D.UAS.EGFP

P{UAS-EGFP-mir-ban.D}

mir-ban^C.UAS.EGFP

P{UAS-EGFP-mir-ban.C}

w^*; P{UAS-EGFP-mir-ban.C}3

mir-ban^Δ.as.B.UAS

P{UAS-mir-ban.Delta.as.B}

mir-ban^{sponge.UAS.DsRed(Unk)}

P{UAS-dsRed.mir-ban.sponge}

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

N^RNAi.lexAop

P{lexAop-N.RNAi}

N^{RNAi.13xlexAop.cZa}

P{13xlexAop-N.RNAi.Z}

w^*; P{UAS-N.RNAi.P}9G

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD14477}v27228/TM3

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02959}attP2

N^JF01637

P{TRiP.JF01637}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01637}attP2

N^JF01043

P{TRiP.JF01043}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01043}attP2

N^JF01053

P{TRiP.JF01053}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01053}attP2

N^JF01356

P{TRiP.JF01356}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01356}attP2

N^JF01693

P{TRiP.JF01693}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01693}attP2

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS00001}attP2

N^HMS00009

P{TRiP.HMS00009}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS00009}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00092}attP2

N^GLV21004

P{TRiP.GLV21004}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GLV21004}attP2

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4082}v12584

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02956}attP2

nerfin-1^HMC04083

P{TRiP.HMC04083}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC04083}attP2

eIF4E1^GD1432

P{GD1432}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1432}v7800

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00969}attP2

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4071}v12573

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9570}v20633/TM3

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9967}v25557

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02254}attP2

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GLV21086}attP2

lola^{RNAi.UAS.all.1}

P{UAS-lola.all.RNAi.1}

lola^{RNAi.UAS.all.2}

P{UAS-lola.all.RNAi.2}

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

N^ETX52

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Delta2-3 transposase

N^55e11

loss of function allele

spontaneous

N^55e11 P{neoFRT}19A/FM7c

N^fa-g

loss of function allele

spontaneous

w^a N^fa-g; Rho1^E3.10/CyO

N^264-40

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

X ray

w^a N^264-40 rb¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹; Dp(1;2)72c21/+

N^FE1

loss of function allele

X ray

N^l1N-ts1

ethyl methanesulfonate

y¹ N^l1N-ts1 g² f¹/C(1)DX, y¹ w¹ f¹

N^S-317

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^l1N-2

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

gamma ray

N^FX9

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FE2

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FX8

loss of function allele

X ray

N¹

loss of function allele

y¹ w^* N¹/FM7c, P{GAL4-twi.G}108.4, P{UAS-2xEGFP}AX

N^FX4

loss of function allele

X ray

N^eU10

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^eAS7b

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^60g11

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

X ray

N^FX2

loss of function allele

X ray

N^XL86

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N²

loss of function allele

N^FX5

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FX7

loss of function allele

X ray

N^Yi66

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^264-47

loss of function allele

X ray

N^264-39

loss of function allele

X ray

w^ch2 N^264-39/FM4, Bar⁺

N^X81K1

loss of function allele

N^fa-swb

X ray

w^a N^fa-swb

N³

loss of function allele

N^3b22

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^FX6

loss of function allele

X ray

N^XK11

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

N^nd-1

loss of function allele

spontaneous

N^nd-1 rb¹

N^M1

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^FX3

loss of function allele

X ray

N^FX1

loss of function allele

X ray

N^X114

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

N^66l2

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

N^nd-3

X ray

N^nd-3 rb¹/C(1)DX, y¹ f¹

nerfin-1¹⁵⁹

ends-in gene targeting

eIF4E1^S058911

Delta2-3 transposase

y¹ w^*; P{lacW}eIF4E1^S058911/TM3, Sb¹

eIF4E1^67Af

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

eIF4E1^67Af kni^ri-1 e⁴/TM3, Sb¹

P-element activity

P-element activity

Delta2-3 transposase

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Delta2-3 transposase

lola^F.stop

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

CRISPR/Cas9

lola^F.znf

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

CRISPR/Cas9

lola^KO.O

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

CRISPR/Cas9

lola^GS88A8

lola^22.05

amorphic allele - molecular evidence

ethyl methanesulfonate

References (20)

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